Monochamus
Monochamus is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers[1] such as pines. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a tribe in the huge long-horned beetle subfamily Lamiinae, but typically included in the Lamiini today.
| Monochamus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Monochamus galloprovincialis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | Monochamus Dejean, 1821 |
| Synonyms | |
| |
If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage.[2] Some species are known to transport phoretic Bursaphelenchus nematodes, including B. xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.[3]
Taxonomy
The genus is very large, and its boundaries have varied considerably over time, with many species placed in this genus that have long since been removed, and species placed in other genera that have been added, and there are at least 20 subgenera presently recognized by most authorities.[4]
Species
Notable sawyer (M. notatus)
Spotted pine sawyer (M. maculosus)
- Monochamus abruptus Holzschuh, 2015
- Monochamus accri (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus adamitus Thomson, 1857
- Monochamus affinis Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus alboapicalis (Pic, 1934)
- Monochamus alboscutellaris Breuning, 1977
- Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle
- Monochamus aparus (Jordan, 1903)
- Monochamus asiaticus (Hayashi, 1962)
- Monochamus asper Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus atrocoeruleogriseus Gilmour, 1956
- Monochamus balteatus Aurivillius, 1903
- Monochamus basifossulatus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus basigranulatus Breuning, 1952
- Monochamus basilewskyi Breuning, 1952
- Monochamus benito (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus bialbomaculatus Breuning, 1948
- Monochamus bimaculatus Gahan, 1888
- Monochamus binigricollis Breuning, 1965
- Monochamus binigromaculatus Breuning, 1959
- Monochamus blairi (Breuning, 1936)
- Monochamus bootangensis Breuning, 1947
- Monochamus borchmanni Breuning, 1959
- Monochamus buquetii (Thomson, 1858) [= tuberosus]
- Monochamus burgeoni Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus camerunensis Aurivillius, 1903
- Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer
- Monochamus clamator (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer
- Monochamus conradti Breuning, 1961
- Monochamus convexicollis Gressitt, 1942
- Monochamus dayremi Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus densepunctatus Breuning, 1980
- Monochamus dentator (Fabricius, 1793)
- Monochamus desperatus Thomson, 1857
- Monochamus diores (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus dubius (Gahan, 1894)
- Monochamus fisheri Breuning, 1944
- Monochamus flavosignatus Breuning, 1947
- Monochamus flavovittatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus foraminosus Holzschuh, 2015
- Monochamus foveatus Breuning, 1961
- Monochamus foveolatus Hintz, 1911 [= unicolor]
- Monochamus franzae (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle
- Monochamus gardneri Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus grandis Waterhouse, 1881
- Monochamus granulipennis Breuning, 1949
- Monochamus gravidus (Pascoe, 1858)
- Monochamus griseoplagiatus Thomson, 1858 [= ochraceomaculatus]
- Monochamus guerryi Pic, 1903
- Monochamus guttulatus Gressitt, 1951
- Monochamus impluviatus Motschulsky, 1859
- Monochamus inexpectatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus irrorator (Chevrolat, 1855) [= plumbeus, ruficornis]
- Monochamus itzingeri Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus jordani Nonfried, 1894
- Monochamus karlitzingeri Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015
- Monochamus kashitu (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus kaszabi Heyrovský, 1955
- Monochamus kinabaluensis Hüdepohl, 1996
- Monochamus kivuensis Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus laevis Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus lamottei Lepesme & Breuning, 1952
- Monochamus latefasciatus Breuning, 1944
- Monochamus lepesmei Breuning, 1956
- Monochamus lineolatus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus lunifer (Aurivillius, 1891)
- Monochamus luteodispersus Pic, 1927
- Monochamus maculosus Haldeman, 1847 [= mutator] – spotted pine sawyer
- Monochamus marmorator Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer
- Monochamus maruokai Hayashi, 1962
- Monochamus masaoi Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984
- Monochamus mausoni Breuning, 1950
- Monochamus mbai Lepesme & Breuning, 1953
- Monochamus mediomaculatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus melaleucus Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus mexicanus (Breuning, 1950)
- Monochamus millegranus Bates, 1891
- Monochamus murinus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus Breuning, 1981
- Monochamus nigromaculatus Gressitt, 1942
- Monochamus nigromaculicollis Breuning, 1974
- Monochamus nigroplagiatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus nigrovittatus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus nitens Bates, 1884
- Monochamus notatus (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer[5]
- Monochamus obtusus Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer
- Monochamus ochreomarmoratus Breuning, 1960
- Monochamus ochreopunctatus Breuning, 1980
- Monochamus ochreosparsus Breuning, 1959
- Monochamus ochreosticticus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus olivaceus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus omias Jordan, 1903 [= africanus]
- Monochamus pentagonus Báguena, 1952
- Monochamus pheretes (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus philomenus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus pictor (Bates, 1884)
- Monochamus principis Breuning, 1956
- Monochamus pseudotuberosus Breuning, 1936
- Monochamus quadriplagiatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus rectus Holzschuh, 2015
- Monochamus regularis (Aurivillius, 1924)
- Monochamus reticulatus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus rhodesianus Gilmour, 1956
- Monochamus roveroi Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2015
- Monochamus rubiginosus Teocchi, Sudre & Jiroux, 2014
- Monochamus ruspator (Fabricius, 1781)
- Monochamus saltuarius Gebler, 1830 – Sakhalin pine beetle
- Monochamus sargi (Bates, 1885)
- Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787) [incl. subspecies urussovii] – black fir sawyer
- Monochamus scabiosus (Quedenfeldt, 1882) [= centralis]
- Monochamus scutellatus (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyer[6]
- Monochamus semicirculus Báguena, 1952
- Monochamus semigranulatus (Pic, 1925)
- Monochamus serratus (Gahan, 1906)
- Monochamus shembaganurensis Breuning, 1979
- Monochamus similis Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus sparsutus Fairmaire, 1889
- Monochamus spectabilis (Perroud, 1855)
- Monochamus strandi Breuning, 1939
- Monochamus stuhlmanni Kolbe, 1894
- Monochamus subconvexicollis Breuning, 1967
- Monochamus subcribrosus Breuning, 1950
- Monochamus subfasciatus (Bates, 1873) [= fascioguttatus]
- Monochamus subgranulipennis Breuning, 1974
- Monochamus subtriangularis Breuning, 1971
- Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer
- Monochamus taiheizanensis Mitono, 1943
- Monochamus talianus Pic, 1912
- Monochamus thoas (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus thomsoni (Chevrolat, 1855)
- Monochamus titillator (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer
- Monochamus tonkinensis Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus transvaaliensis Gilmour, 1956
- Monochamus triangularis Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus tridentatus Chevrolat, 1833
- Monochamus tropicalis (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus vagus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus variegatus (Aurivillius, 1925)
- Monochamus verticalis (Fairmaire, 1901)
- Monochamus villiersi Breuning, 1960
- Monochamus x-fulvum Bates, 1884
Gallery
Three pictures of two separate sawyers found in a planting of Scots pines in Kansas.
References
- The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008): Genus Monochamus. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- Douglas Allen, "Sawyer Beetles", New York Forest Owner, May 1994
- Kansas State University Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005): Pine Wilt Archived 14 August 1997 at archive.today. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- Monochamus
- John Acorn and Ian Sheldon. Bugs of Ontario. Edmonton, AB:Lone Pine Publ., 2003.
- Spruce Sawyer, Insects of Alberta
External links
Media related to Monochamus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Monochamus at Wikispecies- "Genus Monochamus - Sawyers". BugGuide. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- "Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species"
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