Authorized push payment fraud

Authorized push payment fraud (APP fraud) is a form of fraud in which victims are manipulated into making real-time payments to fraudsters, typically by social engineering attacks involving impersonation.[1][2] These authorised frauds can also be related to investment scams where the victim is tricked into sending money for investments that don't exist, and romance scams where the fraudster tricks the victim into thinking they are in a relationship. As of 2019 in the United Kingdom, because the victims of these frauds authorized the payments, albeit mistakenly, they are typically not fully reimbursed by their banks.[3] From May 2019 some victims will receive a refund under the Contingent Reimbursement Model Scheme.[4] This is a voluntary code on Authorized Push Payment scams that provides protections for customers of signatory firms but also contains a number of exclusions.