Prolimnocyon

Prolimnocyon ("before Limnocyon") is an extinct paraphyletic genus of hyaenodontid mammals known from the Paleocene to the Eocene of Asia and North America.[6] It is the earliest known member of the hyaenodontid family Limnocyonidae.[7]

Prolimnocyon
Temporal range: late Paleocene to middle Eocene
lower jaw of Prolimnocyon antiquus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Family: †Limnocyonidae
Genus: †Prolimnocyon
Matthew, 1915
Type species
†Prolimnocyon atavus
Matthew, 1915
Species
  • †Prolimnocyon antiquus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)[1]
  • †Prolimnocyon atavus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
  • †Prolimnocyon chowi (Meng, 1998)[2]
  • †Prolimnocyon eerius (Gingerich, 1989)[3]
  • †Prolimnocyon haematus (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)[4]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • P. antiquus:
    • Prolimnocyon elisabethae (Gazin, 1952)[5]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Prolimnocyon are shown in the following cladogram.[8][9][10][11][12][13]

 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Eoproviverra

 
 
 
 

†Boualitomus

 
 

†Hyaenodonta sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

 
 

†Lahimia

 
 
 
 
 
 †Limnocyonidae 
 
 
 
 
 
 

†Oxyaenodon

 
 ? 

†Prolaena

 
 ? 

†"Thinocyon" sichowensis

 
 

†Limnocyon potens

 
 
 
 

†Limnocyon cuspidens

 
 

†Limnocyon verus

 
 
 
 

†Thinocyon

 
 
 

†Iridodon

 
 
 
 

†Prolimnocyon atavus

 
 

†Prolimnocyon haematus

 
 
 
 

†Prolimnocyon antiquus

 
 

†Prolimnocyon chowi

 
 

†Prolimnocyon eerius

 
 
 

†Arfiidae

 
 
 

†Sinopidae

 
 
 

†Hyaenodontoidea

 
 
 
 

†Gazinocyon

 
 

†Pyrocyon

 
 
 

†Galecyon

 
 
 
 

†Indohyaenodontidae

 
 

†Glibzegdouia

 
 
 

†Parvavorodon

 
 
 
 

†Koholiidae

 
 

†Tritemnodon

 
 
 

†Furodon

 
 

†Kyawdawia

 
 

†Paratritemnodon

 
 

†Teratodontidae

 
 
†Hyainailouroidea
 

†Apterodontinae

 
 
 

†Orienspterodon

 
 
 
†Hyainailourinae
 
 

†Hemipsalodon

 
 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 
 †Akhnatenavus clade
 
 

†Akhnatenavus

 
 
 
 

†"Pterodon" africanus

 
 

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

 
 
 

†Paroxyaenini

 
 
†Hyainailourini
 

†Pterodontina

 
 

†Kerberos

 
 
 
 
 

†Falcatodon

 
 

†Sectisodon

 
 
 

†Exiguodon

 
 

†Isohyaenodon zadoki 

 
 
 
 
 
†Isohyaenodon 
(†Isohyaenodontina) 
 

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi 

 
 
 

†Sivapterodon

 
 

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis 

 
 
 
 

†Hyainailouros napakensis 

 

†Hyainailouros 

 
 
 

†Hyainailouros sulzeri 

 
 

†Hyainailourinae sp. (Arrdrift)

 
 
 

†Simbakubwa

 
 
 
 

†Mlanyama

 
 

†Metapterodontini

 
 
 
 

†Megistotherium

 
 

†Leakitheriini

 
 
 
 

†Pakakali

 
 

†Prionogalidae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
†Lahimia clade
†Prolimnocyon
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade
 

References
  1. W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
  2. J. Meng, R. J. Zhai and A. R. Wyss (1998.) "The late Paleocene Bayan Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34:148-185
  3. P. D. Gingerich (1989.) "New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28:1-97
  4. P. D. Gingerich and H. A. Deutsch (1989.) "Systematics and Evolution of Early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(13):327-391
  5. C. L. Gazin (1952.) "The Lower Eocene Knight Formation Of Western Wyoming and Its Mammalian Faunas." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(18):1-82
  6. "Fossilworks: Prolimnocyon". Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  7. Rose, Kenneth D. (2009). The Beginning of the Age of Mammals. JHU Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8018-9221-9.
  8. M. Morlo & G. F. Gunnell (2003.) "Small Limnocyonines (Hyaenodontidae, Mammalia) From the Bridgerian Middle Eocene of Wyoming: Thinocyon, Prolimnocyon And Iridodon, New Genus." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 31(2):43-78
  9. M. Morlo and G. F. Gunnell (2005.) "New species of Limnocyon (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Bridgerian (middle Eocene)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1):251-255
  10. Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  11. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  12. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  13. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. ISSN 0016-6995. S2CID 234848856.
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