Opinion polling on Hong Kong identity
Opinion polling on Hong Kong identity has been regularly conducted by Hong Kong pollsters, on how Hong Kong citizens identify themselves as, mainly either Hongkongers or Chinese people, in terms of either culturally or ethnically, or both.
HKPORI polling
The opinion polls in this section were conducted by Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute (HKPORI) and its predecessor Public Opinion Programme, the University of Hong Kong (HKUPOP). The question asked is: "You would identify yourself as 'Hongkonger', 'Hongkonger in China', 'Chinese in Hong Kong' or 'Chinese'?"[1]
The "Hongkonger (broad sense)" and "Chinese (broad sense)" in the graph and table below refer to the sum of, respectively, 'Hongkonger' and 'Hongkonger in China', and 'Chinese' and 'Chinese in Hong Kong'. The "others" includes "other identity", "don't know", and "hard to say".
Graphical summary
Statistical table
| Date(s) conducted between | Conducted by | Sample size | Hongkonger (broad sense) |
Chinese (broad sense) |
Others | Lead | Mixed identity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-11-29 | 2021-12-03 | HKPORI | 1,001 | 70% | 28% | 2% | 42% | 39% | |
| 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-10 | HKPORI | 1,008 | 73% | 26% | 1% | 46% | 42% | |
| 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-10 | HKPORI | 1,009 | 69% | 29% | 2% | 40% | 38% | |
| 2020-06-01 | 2020-06-04 | HKPORI | 1,002 | 75% | 24% | 1% | 52% | 36% | |
| 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-10 | HKPORI | 1,010 | 78% | 21% | 1% | 57% | 32% | |
| 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-20 | HKUPOP | 1,015 | 76% | 23% | 1% | 53% | 36% | |
| 2018-12-03 | 2018-12-06 | HKUPOP | 1,005 | 66% | 32% | 2% | 34% | 43% | |
| 2018-06-04 | 2018-06-07 | HKUPOP | 1,001 | 68% | 30% | 3% | 38% | 39% | |
| 2017-12-04 | 2017-12-06 | HKUPOP | 1,034 | 68% | 31% | 2% | 37% | 45% | |
| 2017-06-13 | 2017-06-15 | HKUPOP | 1,004 | 63% | 35% | 2% | 28% | 40% | |
| 2016-12-12 | 2016-12-15 | HKUPOP | 1,001 | 64% | 34% | 2% | 30% | 47% | |
| 2016-06-10 | 2016-06-16 | HKUPOP | 1,007 | 67% | 31% | 2% | 36% | 38% | |
| 2015-12-03 | 2015-12-07 | HKUPOP | 1,011 | 68% | 31% | 1% | 37% | 40% | |
| 2015-06-15 | 2015-06-18 | HKUPOP | 1,003 | 64% | 35% | 1% | 29% | 41% | |
| 2014-12-10 | 2014-12-16 | HKUPOP | 1,016 | 67% | 33% | 1% | 34% | 39% | |
| 2014-06-06 | 2014-06-12 | HKUPOP | 1,026 | 67% | 31% | 2% | 36% | 39% | |
| 2013-12-09 | 2013-12-12 | HKUPOP | 1,015 | 62% | 37% | 1% | 26% | 43% | |
| 2013-06-10 | 2013-06-13 | HKUPOP | 1,055 | 63% | 35% | 3% | 28% | 36% | |
| 2012-12-14 | 2012-12-17 | HKUPOP | 1,019 | 60% | 37% | 2% | 23% | 49% | |
| 2012-06-13 | 2012-06-20 | HKUPOP | 1,001 | 68% | 30% | 2% | 39% | 34% | |
| 2011-12-12 | 2011-12-20 | HKUPOP | 1,016 | 63% | 34% | 3% | 29% | 43% | |
| 2011-06-21 | 2011-06-22 | HKUPOP | 520 | 65% | 34% | 1% | 31% | 32% | |
| 2010-12-13 | 2010-12-16 | HKUPOP | 1,013 | 63% | 35% | 2% | 28% | 41% | |
| 2010-06-09 | 2010-06-13 | HKUPOP | 1,004 | 57% | 43% | 1% | 14% | 46% | |
| 2009-12-08 | 2009-12-11 | HKUPOP | 1,007 | 62% | 37% | 1% | 24% | 37% | |
| 2009-06-08 | 2009-06-13 | HKUPOP | 1,002 | 57% | 43% | 1% | 14% | 45% | |
| 2008-12-09 | 2008-12-12 | HKUPOP | 1,016 | 51% | 47% | 1% | 4% | 43% | |
| 2008-06-11 | 2008-06-13 | HKUPOP | 1,012 | 47% | 52% | 1% | 5% | 43% | |
| 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-14 | HKUPOP | 1,011 | 55% | 43% | 2% | 12% | 48% | |
| 2007-06-08 | 2007-06-12 | HKUPOP | 1,016 | 55% | 43% | 2% | 12% | 49% | |
| 2006-12-06 | 2006-12-12 | HKUPOP | 1,011 | 47% | 52% | 1% | 5% | 44% | |
| 2006-06-13 | 2006-06-15 | HKUPOP | 1,018 | 50% | 49% | 1% | 1% | 40% | |
| 2005-12-09 | 2005-12-14 | HKUPOP | 1,017 | 51% | 48% | 1% | 4% | 43% | |
| 2005-06-06 | 2005-06-08 | HKUPOP | 1,029 | 45% | 51% | 4% | 6% | 36% | |
| 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-09 | HKUPOP | 1,007 | 49% | 48% | 3% | 1% | 39% | |
| 2004-06-07 | 2004-06-11 | HKUPOP | 1,027 | 49% | 47% | 4% | 2% | 36% | |
| 2003-12-10 | 2003-12-14 | HKUPOP | 1,059 | 48% | 48% | 4% | 0% | 39% | |
| 2003-06-13 | 2003-06-18 | HKUPOP | 1,043 | 56% | 41% | 3% | 15% | 31% | |
| 2003-03-01 | 2003-03-04 | HKUPOP | 1,035 | 51% | 47% | 2% | 4% | 37% | |
| 2002-12-13 | 2002-12-18 | HKUPOP | 1,026 | 52% | 44% | 4% | 8% | 36% | |
| 2002-09-02 | 2002-09-05 | HKUPOP | 1,017 | 51% | 48% | 2% | 3% | 37% | |
| 2002-06-04 | 2002-06-05 | HKUPOP | 1,067 | 50% | 46% | 4% | 5% | 31% | |
| 2002-03-12 | 2002-03-13 | HKUPOP | 1,024 | 51% | 46% | 3% | 5% | 41% | |
| 2001-12-07 | 2001-12-09 | HKUPOP | 1,052 | 52% | 42% | 6% | 11% | 31% | |
| 2001-09-13 | 2001-09-21 | HKUPOP | 1,025 | 54% | 43% | 3% | 11% | 46% | |
| 2001-06-01 | 2001-06-05 | HKUPOP | 1,053 | 54% | 42% | 4% | 13% | 32% | |
| 2001-03-22 | 2001-04-02 | HKUPOP | 1,014 | 53% | 44% | 3% | 9% | 38% | |
| 2000-12-04 | 2000-12-12 | HKUPOP | 1,040 | 55% | 39% | 6% | 16% | 33% | |
| 2000-09-21 | 2000-09-25 | HKUPOP | 1,087 | 64% | 32% | 4% | 32% | 41% | |
| 2000-06-07 | 2000-06-08 | HKUPOP | 1,074 | 58% | 37% | 5% | 22% | 37% | |
| 2000-04-06 | 2000-04-07 | HKUPOP | 570 | 60% | 35% | 5% | 26% | 36% | |
| 2000-02-01 | 2000-02-02 | HKUPOP | 566 | 62% | 33% | 5% | 28% | 43% | |
| 1999-12-13 | 1999-12-15 | HKUPOP | 529 | 60% | 37% | 3% | 23% | 38% | |
| 1999-10-26 | 1999-10-27 | HKUPOP | 535 | 55% | 42% | 3% | 13% | 40% | |
| 1999-08-06 | 1999-08-06 | HKUPOP | 596 | 54% | 43% | 4% | 11% | 41% | |
| 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | HKUPOP | 538 | 65% | 28% | 7% | 37% | 36% | |
| 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | HKUPOP | 527 | 63% | 31% | 6% | 32% | 33% | |
| 1999-02-08 | 1999-02-09 | HKUPOP | 513 | 62% | 33% | 5% | 29% | 36% | |
| 1998-12-21 | 1998-12-21 | HKUPOP | 544 | 63% | 32% | 5% | 31% | 37% | |
| 1998-09-29 | 1998-09-29 | HKUPOP | 517 | 62% | 36% | 2% | 26% | 38% | |
| 1998-08-14 | 1998-08-14 | HKUPOP | 526 | 55% | 42% | 3% | 13% | 45% | |
| 1998-06-22 | 1998-06-24 | HKUPOP | 1,042 | 48% | 48% | 4% | 1% | 34% | |
| 1998-06-03 | 1998-06-04 | HKUPOP | 544 | 53% | 44% | 4% | 9% | 37% | |
| 1997-12-08 | 1997-12-09 | HKUPOP | 500 | 59% | 37% | 4% | 22% | 42% | |
| 1997-10-28 | 1997-10-29 | HKUPOP | 536 | 59% | 38% | 3% | 22% | 43% | |
| 1997-09-23 | 1997-09-24 | HKUPOP | 512 | 60% | 38% | 2% | 23% | 45% | |
| 1997-08-26 | 1997-08-27 | HKUPOP | 532 | 60% | 39% | 2% | 21% | 45% | |
CCPOS polling
The opinion polls in this section were conducted Centre for Communication and Public Opinion Survey (CCPOS). The question asked is: "What kind of people you think you are? Is it 'Hongkonger', 'Hongkonger but also Chinese', 'Chinese but also Hongkonger', or 'Chinese'?"[2]
The "mixed identity" in the graph and table below refer to the combination of "Hongkonger but also Chinese", "Chinese but also Hongkonger". The "others" includes "other identity", "don't know", and "hard to say".
Graphical summary
Statistical table
| Date(s) conducted between | Conducted by | Sample size | Hongkonger | Chinese | Mixed identity | Others | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-10-06 | 2016-10-24 | CCPOS | 803 | 24% | 12% | 63% | 1% |
| 2014-10-16 | 2014-10-24 | CCPOS | 810 | 26% | 9% | 63% | 2% |
| 2012-10-05 | 2012-10-16 | CCPOS | 819 | 23% | 13% | 64% | 1% |
| 2010-10-06 | 2010-10-13 | CCPOS | 941 | 17% | 16% | 66% | 1% |
| 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-16 | CCPOS | 1014 | 17% | 18% | 65% | 1% |
| 2006-10-10 | 2006-10-17 | CCPOS | 1013 | 21% | 19% | 59% | 1% |
| 2002 | CCPOS | 500 | 25% | 24% | 51% | 1% | |
| 1999 | CCPOS | 533 | 23% | 24% | 53% | 1% | |
| 1998 | CCPOS | 527 | 29% | 25% | 46% | 1% | |
| 1997 | CCPOS | 302 | 23% | 32% | 43% | 1% | |
| 1996 | CCPOS | 769 | 25% | 26% | 48% | 2% | |
References
- "Categorical Ethnic Identity – HKPORI – 香港民意研究所". www.pori.hk. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
- "The Identity and National Identification of Hong Kong People". CCPOS. Retrieved 2021-12-16.