Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri

Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi (d. 1328/29) (in Persian: نظام الدین حسن نیشاپوری) was a Persian Sunni[1][2][3] Islamic Shafi'i, Ash'ari scholar, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, Qur'an exegete, and poet. His full name was Nizam al-Din Hasan ibn Mohammad ibn Hossein Qumi Nishapuri. As the genealogy in his full name shows, his grandfather was originally from the city of Qom but Nizam was born in Nishapur.

Manuscript of al-Nishaburi's Kashf Haqa'iq Zij Ilkhani. Copy created in Timurid Iran, dated 1432

His early education was in the city of Nishapur but he later moved to Tabriz, the capital of Il-Khanids at the time. He studied under and worked with Qutb al-Din Shirazi, who was himself a student of Nasir al-Din Tusi. He was one of the great scientists of Maragheh observatory.

One of his greatest works theological works was Tafsir al-Nisaburi (Arabic: تفسير النيسابوري‎), a classical Sunni-Sufi tafsir of the Qur'an, which closely follows al-Fakhr al-Razi's tafsir in many places.

Works
Manuscript of al-Nishaburi's commentary on Nasir al-Din Tusi's Fi 'ilm al-Hay'a. Copy created in Timurid Iran, dated December 1490

Nizam al-Din Nisaburi's works include:

  • Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa Ragha'ib al-Furqan: Commentary on the wonders of Quran in exegesis, also known an Tafsir al-Nisaburi.
  • Owqaf al-Quran (اوقاف القران)
  • Kashf-i Haqayeq-i Zij-i ilkhani (کشف حقایق زیج ایلخانی): (Explanation of the Facts): on the explanation of Zij-i Ilkhani by Nasir al-Din Tusi, written in Persian
  • Tafsir al-Tahrir (تفسیر التحریر): (Commentary on al-Tahrir): his commentary on al-Tahrir Almagest by Nasir al-Din Tusi
  • al-Basaer fi mukhtasar tanqih al-Manazer (البصائر فی مختصر تنقیح المناظر): enlightening of the topics in al-Manazer by Ibn Haytham
  • Twozih al-Dhekr (توضیح الذکر): a commentary on the Tadhkara fi ilm al-hay'a (تذکرة فی علم الهیاة Compendium on the Science of Astronomy) by Nasir al-Din Tusi
  • Nizam's Sharh on al-Shafia by Ibn Hajib (شرح نظام بر الشافیه)
  • A treatise on mathematics

See also

References
  1. Ahmad Hasan Dani; M. S. Asimov; Clifford Edmund Bosworth, eds. (1992). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. 4. Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. p. 105. ISBN 9788120815964. He displays considerable veneration for the family of the Prophet, but makes no concessions to Imami Shi'ite teachings, and so shows himself to have been a Sunni.
  2. "Ghara'ib al-Qur'an by Nizam al-Din Nishapuri". www.albayan.ae (in Arabic). Al-Bayan. Archived from the original on 10 Jul 2021. وإذا كان هناك من يتوهم فيه التشيع أو الميل للاعتزال، فإنه ينفي عن نفسه ذلك بوضوح ويقرر انه ينطلق من معسكر أهل السنة، فيقول رحمه الله: «إنني لم أمِلّ في هذا الكتاب إلا إلى أهل السنة والجماعة، فبينت أصولهم ووجوه استدلالاتهم».ومن أجل ذلك كان إذا تعرض للاختلافات الفرعية، ذكر كل وجهة نظر بأدلتها دون تعصب أو خصومة؛ ويحبذ ان تتعدد الآراء وتتنوع الاجتهادات..!
  3. Muhammad Husayn al-Dhahabi (1997). Al-Tafsir wa al-Mufassirun (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Cairo: Maktabat Wahbah. pp. 231–236.

Further reading
  • Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi, Robert Morrison, 2007
  • زندگینامه ی ریاضیدانان دوره ی اسلامی از سده ی سوم تا سده ی یازدهم هجری، ابوالقاسم قربانی، چاپ دوم، تهران، 1375 (Biographies of the Mathematicians in the Islamic Period, from 10th to 17th century, Abulqasem Qorbani, Tehran, 1996, 2nd edition)
  • Morrison, Robert (2007). "Nīsābūrī: al‐Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al‐Ḥusayn Niẓām al‐Dīn al‐Aʿraj al‐Nīsābūrī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 837. ISBN 9780387310220. (PDF version)
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