Nacionalista Party

The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party') is the oldest political party in both the Philippines and in Southeast Asia in general. It is responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Presidents Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953–1961 (under Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia) and 1965–1972 (under President Ferdinand Marcos).

For National and Nationalist Parties in other countries, see National Party and Nationalist Party.

Nacionalista Party
Partido Nacionalista
PresidentManuel Villar
ChairmanManuel Villar
Secretary-GeneralAlan Peter Cayetano
FounderManuel L. Quezon
Sergio Osmeña
FoundedApril 25, 1907 (1907-04-25)
HeadquartersStarmall EDSA-Shaw 4F, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila
Youth wingYoung Nacionalistas (YN)
IdeologyModern:
Conservatism[1][2]
National conservatism[3]
Populism (since 1946)[4][5]
Political positionClaimed:
Big tent[5][1][6]
Traditional spectrum:
Center-right[7][2][8]
National affiliationCoalition for Change
ColorsNational colors:
  Red,   blue, and   white
Customary:
  Light green
  Orange
SloganAng Bayan Higit sa Lahat
(The Nation Above All Else)
Seats in the Senate
4 / 24
Seats in the House of Representatives
43 / 304
Provincial governorships
8 / 81
Provincial vice governorships
10 / 81
Provincial board members
116 / 1,023

Ideology

The Nacionalista Party was initially created as a Filipino nationalist party that supported Philippine independence until 1946 when the United States granted independence to the country.[1][9][6] Since then, many scholarly articles that dealt with the history of political parties during the Third Republic agreed that the party has been increasingly populist,[4][5][6][10][11] although some argued they had conservative[1][7] tendencies because of their opposition to the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party. The populist ideology of the party remained to present day as described on their website.

History

The party was organized as a vehicle for Philippine independence, advocating self-rule; and espousing this advocacy through representation in the Philippine Assembly of 1907–1916, and in the succeeding Philippine Legislature of 1916–1935. The ranks of Nationalist politicians rose to prominence through the Commonwealth of the Philippines spanning 1935–1941, ending when political parties were replaced by a singular and monolithic KALIBAPI Party during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines.

By the second half of the century, the Nacionalista Party evolved into being main political contenders for leadership in the Philippines, in competition with its rivals, the Liberal Party and the Philippine Progressive Party. This leadership endured until the turbulent suppression of partisan politics during the Ferdinand Marcos regime. In 1978, akin to the Japanese occupation, disparate political parties were coerced to merge into a regime-controlled coalition, the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. Preferring not to be involved, the Nacionalistas went to hibernation. Years later, in the late 1980s, the party was revived under the leadership of Salvador Laurel until the latter's passing.

The Nacionalista Party is presently led by former Senator Manny Villar, and had fielded three vice-presidential candidates either running independently or in tandem with other political parties, namely Alan Peter Cayetano, Bongbong Marcos and Antonio Trillanes, albeit unsuccessfully.[1]

Controversy over dominant-minority status

In the 2010 general election, the Nacionalista and the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) formed an alliance after it was approved by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) on April 12, 2010.[12] The Nacionalistas fielded Senator Manuel Villar and running with fellow Senator Loren Legarda who is a member of the NPC. It became the dominant minority party after a resolution passed by the COMELEC. On April 21, 2010, it was blocked by the Supreme Court after a suit filed by the rival Liberal Party.[12] On May 6, 2010, the Supreme Court nullified the merger and therefore giving the Liberal Party to be the dominant minority party. It was based on a resolution by the COMELEC giving political parties to be accredited by August 17, 2009.[13]

The coalition was made to help the Nacionalista Party to help boost the presidential campaign of Senator Villar and have a chance to be the dominant minority party by the COMELEC which give the rights to poll watchers during the canvassing of votes.[14] However, it is being challenged by the Liberal Party calls the said alliance a bogus alliance and they are seeking the same party status by the COMELEC.[12] Several local races are also being challenged from both parties, therefore causing confusion in those races.[14]

Electoral performance

President
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
1935 Manuel L. Quezon 695,332 67.99% Won
1941 Manuel L. Quezon 1,340,320 81.78% Won
1946 Sergio Osmeña 1,129,996 45.71% Lost
1949 José P. Laurel 1,318,330 37.22% Lost
1953 Ramon Magsaysay 2,912,992 68.90% Won
1957 Carlos P. Garcia 2,072,257 41.28% Won
1961 Carlos P. Garcia 2,902,996 44.95% Lost
1965 Ferdinand Marcos 3,861,324 51.94% Won
1969 Ferdinand Marcos 5,017,343 61.47% Won
1981 Alejo Santos (Roy wing) 1,716,449 8.25% Lost as main wing boycotted
1986 Supported Corazon Aquino who won
1992 Salvador Laurel 770,046 3.40% Lost
1998 Did not take part
2004 Supported Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who won
2010 Manuel Villar 5,573,835 15.42% Lost
2016 No party endorsement[15]
2022 Supporting Bongbong Marcos;[16] election will be on May 9, 2022

Vice president
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
1935 Sergio Osmeña 812,352 86.91% Won
1941 Sergio Osmeña 1,445,897 92.10% Won
1946 Eulogio Rodriguez 1,051,243 47.38% Lost
1949 Manuel Briones 1,184,215 46.08% Lost
1953 Carlos P. Garcia 2,515,265 62.90% Won
1957 Jose Laurel Jr. 1,783,012 37.91% Lost
1961 Gil Puyat 1,787,987 28.06% Lost
1965 Fernando Lopez 3,531,550 48.48% Won
1969 Fernando Lopez 5,001,737 62.76% Won
1986 Supported Salvador Laurel who won
1992 Eva Estrada Kalaw 255,730 1.25% Lost
1998 Did not take part
2004 Supported Noli de Castro who won
2010 Supported Loren Legarda who lost
2016 No party endorsement;[15] three party members ran as independents, with all losing
2022 Supporting Sara Duterte;[16] election will be on May 9, 2022

Senate
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats won Seats after Outcome of election
1916
20 / 22
22 / 24
 Won
1919
10 / 11
22 / 24
 Won
1922
7 / 11
17 / 24
 Split into majority and minority blocs
1925
7 / 11
13 / 24
 Won
1928
9 / 11
18 / 24
 Won
1931
7 / 11
17 / 24
 Won
1934
8 / 11
16 / 24
 Lost
1941 See seats after
24 / 24
 Won
1946 7,454,074 41.2%
7 / 16
15 / 24
 Lost
1947 10,114,453 45.0%
1 / 8
8 / 24
 Lost
1949 8,900,568 36.6%
0 / 8
4 / 24
 Lost
1951 13,266,643 59.1%
9 / 9
12 / 24
 Won
1953 9,813,166 39.8%
5 / 8
13 / 24
 Won
1955 17,319,389 67.6%
9 / 9
21 / 24
 Won
1957 13,273,945 47.2%
6 / 8
20 / 24
 Won
1959 17,160,618 50.1%
5 / 8
19 / 24
 Won
1961 17,834,477 45.1%
2 / 8
13 / 24
 Led the minority bloc
1963 22,983,457 50.2%
4 / 8
11 / 24
 Led the majority bloc
1965 21,619,502 43.8%
5 / 8
11 / 24
 Won
1967 30,704,100 62.8%
6 / 8
16 / 24
 Won
1969 32,726,305 60.8%
6 / 8
18 / 24
 Won
1971 24,819,175 42.6%
3 / 8
16 / 24
 Won
1987 Took part as member of GAD that became the minority
1992 14,499,923 5.3%
0 / 24
0 / 24
 Lost
1995 Did not take part
1998
2001 770,647 0.3%
0 / 13
0 / 24
 Lost
2004 Did not take part
2007 27,125,724 10.1%
2 / 12
3 / 24
 Led the majority bloc
2010 49,585,503 16.7%
3 / 12
4 / 24
 Split into majority and minority blocs
2013 45,100,266 15.3%
3 / 12
5 / 24
 Joined the majority bloc
2016 2,775,191 14.4%
0 / 12
3 / 24
 Split into majority and minority blocs
2019 60,955,374 16.01%
3 / 12
4 / 24
 Joined the majority bloc
2022
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Election is on May 9

House of Representatives
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats Outcome of election
Philippine Assembly
1907 34,277 35.71%
32 / 80
 Won
1909 92,996 48.19%
62 / 81
 Won
1912 124,753 53.35%
62 / 81
 Won
1916
75 / 90
 Won
House of Representatives
1919
83 / 90
 Won
1922
64 / 93
 Split into majority and minority blocs
1925
64 / 92
 Won
1928
71 / 94
 Won
1931
66 / 94
 Won
1934
89 / 92
 Split into majority and minority blocs
National Assembly
1935
83 / 89
 Won
1938
98 / 98
 Won
House of Representatives
1941
95 / 98
 Won
1946 908,740 37.84%
35 / 98
 Lost
1949 1,178,402 34.05%
33 / 100
 Lost
1953 1,930,367 47.30%
59 / 102
 Won
1957 2,948,409 61.18%
82 / 102
 Won
1961 3,923,390 61.02%
74 / 104
 Won
1965 3,028,224 41.76%
38 / 104
 Lost
1969 4,590,374 80.00%
88 / 110
 Won
Batasang Pambansa
1978 688,130 0.33%
0 / 190
 Lost
1984
2 / 200
 Lost
House of Representatives
1987[lower-alpha 1] 1,444,399 7.19%
4 / 214
 Joined the minority bloc
1992[lower-alpha 2] 730,696 3.92%
4 / 216
 Joined the majority bloc
1995[lower-alpha 3] 153,088
262,544		 0.79%
1.37%
1 / 220

1 / 220
 Joined the majority bloc
1998[lower-alpha 1] 4,412 0.02%
0 / 257
 Lost
2001 Did not take part
2004
2 / 261
 Joined the majority bloc
2007
11 / 271
 Joined the majority bloc
2010 3,872,637 11.35%
25 / 286
 Split into majority and minority blocs
2013 2,340,994 8.49%
17 / 293
 Joined the majority bloc
2016 3,512,975 9.42%
24 / 297
 Joined the majority bloc
2019 6,554,911 13.73%
42 / 304
 Led the majority bloc
2022
0 / 316
 Election is on May 9
  1. Does not include those who appeared under the label of the Nacionalista Party along with another party.
  2. In coalition with PDP–Laban
  3. Bottom figures are for who appeared under the label of the Nacionalista Party along with another party.

Notable Nacionalistas

Past
Politics of the Philippines
Government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Constitutional commissions
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Related topics
 Philippines portal

Throughout their careers, many of the country's politicians, statesmen and leaders were in whole or in part Nacionalistas. Notable names include the following:

Presidents

Vice Presidents

Senators

Most of these individuals embody solid political traditions of economic and political nationalism are pertinent today, even with the party's subsequent decline.

Current party officials

Some members of the House of Representatives and Senate include—but are not limited to—the following:

  • Manuel Villar (former Senate President), Party President
  • Cynthia Villar (current Senator), Party Chairman
  • Alan Peter Cayetano (current Representative from Pateros-Taguig; former House Speaker), Secretary-General
  • Robert "Ace" Barbers (current Representative from Surigao del Norte), Spokesperson
  • Mark Aguilar Villar (former Secretary of Public Works and Highways)
  • Ralph Recto (current Senate President Pro Tempore)
  • Pia Cayetano (current Senator)
  • Imee Marcos (current Senator)
  • Matthew Marcos Manotoc (current Governor of Ilocos Norte)
  • Lino Edgardo Schramm Cayetano (current Mayor of Taguig)
  • Timmy Chipeco (current Mayor of Calamba)
  • Maria Laarni "Lani" Lopez Cayetano (current Representative from Taguig)
  • Joaquin Chipeco Jr. (current Representative from Calamba)
  • Yuri Pacumio (current Mayor of Tanza)
  • Jesus Crispin "Boying" Remulla (current Representative from 7th district of Cavite)
  • Vilma Santos-Recto (current Representative from 6th district of Batangas & Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives)
  • Deogracias Victor Savellano (current Representative from 1st District of Ilocos Sur & Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives)
  • Sol Aragones (current Laguna 3rd District Representative and former ABS-CBN Journalist)
  • Jose I. Tejada (current Representative from North Cotabato)
  • Raneo Abu (current Representative from 2nd District of Batangas)
  • Yevgyeny Vincente Emano (current Governor of Misamis Oriental)
  • Emmylou Taliño-Mendoza (current Vice Governor of North Cotabato)
  • Atty. Henry S. Oaminal (Former Vice Governor of Misamis Occidental & current Representative from 2nd district of Misamis Occidental & Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives)
  • Sancho Fernando "Ando" F. Oaminal (current Mayor of Ozamiz City)
  • Jose "JOE 3" Espinosa III (former Iloilo City Mayor, Current Nacionalista Chairman of ILOILO CITY)
  • Atty. Jorge T. Almonte (current Vice Mayor and Former Mayor of Oroquieta City and former Representative of the 1st District of Misamis Occidental)
  • Aurora Virginia "Gie-gie" M. Almonte (Incumbent Vice Governor and Former ABC President of the Province of Misamis Occidental)
  • Donjie D. Animas (Incumbent Municipal Mayor of Sapang Dalaga, Misamis Occidental)
  • Francisco "Jun" T. Paylaga Jr. (Incumbent Municipal Mayor of Panaon, Misamis Occidental and Former Vice Governor of Misamis Occidental)
  • Roseanne Marie "Tata" L. Paylaga-Lim (Former Mayor and Vice Mayor of Panaon, Misamis Occidental and Incumbent Board Member of the 1st District - Misamis Occidental)
  • Agnes C. Villanueva (Former Mayor of Plaridel, Misamis Occidental and Incumbent Board Member of the 1st District - Misamis Occidental)
  • Atty. Ernie D. Clarete (Former Representative of the 1st District of Misamis Occidental, Former Governor of Misamis Occidental, and Former Mayor of Plaridel, Misamis Occidental)
  • Marina P. Clarete (Former Representative of the 1st District of Misamis Occidental)
  • Edilma C. Bulawin (Former Mayor of Plaridel, Misamis Occidental and Former Board Member of the 1st District - Misamis Occidental)
  • Lemuel Meyrick M. Acosta (Former City Councilor, Former Vice Mayor and Incumbent Mayor of Oroquieta City)
  • Atty. Inocencio "Censer" D. Pagalaran (Former Mayor of Calamba, Misamis Occidental and Former Board Member of the 1st District - Misamis Occidental)
  • Dr. Leonilo "Nilo" F. Azcuna (Former City Councilor of Oroquieta City)

Nacionalista-affiliated parties

Candidates for 2010 Philippine general election
Main article: 2010 Philippine general election

Senatorial Slate (11)

Candidates for 2013 Philippine general election
Main article: 2013 Philippine general election

Senatorial Slate (3) (Team PNoy)

Candidates for 2016 Philippine general election
Main article: 2016 Philippine general election

Vice President:

Senatorial Slate

Candidates for 2019 Philippine general election
Main article: 2019 Philippine general election

Senatorial Slate (3) (Hugpong ng Pagbabago)

Current members in the 18th Congress

Senate
Main article: 18th Congress of the Philippines

District Representatives

Partylist allies
  • Ronnie Ong (Ang Probinsyano)
  • Naealla Rose Bainto-Aguinaldo (Bahay)
  • Michael Edgar Aglipay (DIWA)
  • Sharon Garin (AAMBIS-OWA)
  • Rico Geron (AGAP)
  • Irene Gay Saulog (Kalinga)
  • Allan Ty (LPGMA)
  • Francisco Datol, Jr. (Senior Citizen)

Nacionalista Party presidents
Term Name
1907–1935Sergio Osmeña
1935–1944Manuel L. Quezon
1944–1953Sergio Osmeña
1953–1964Eulogio Rodriguez
1964–1970Gil Puyat
1970–1986Jose Roy
1986–2003Salvador Laurel
2003–presentManny Villar

See also

References
  1. Dayley, Robert (2016). Southeast Asia In The New International Era. Avalon Publishing. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  2. Guillermo A. Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  3. Teehankee, Julio (2016). "Weak State, Strong Presidents: Situating the Duterte Presidency in Philippine Political Time". Journal of Developing Societies. 3 (3).
  4. Bertrand, J. (2013). Political Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Berneo, N.; Yashar, D. (2016). Parties, Movements, and Democracy in the Developing World. New York: Cambridge University Press USA.
  6. Celoza, A. Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  7. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, Volumes 34–35 (1990). UP College of Public Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  8. M. Troy Burnett, ed. (2020). Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 584.
  9. Liow, J.; Leifer, M. (1995). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  10. Simbulan, D. (2005). The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy. Quezon City: UP Press.
  11. Del Rosario, Simon G. (1973). An Integrated Course on Communism and Democracy. SGR Research & Pub.
  12. Alvarez, Kathrina (April 12, 2010). "NP-NPC coalition formally granted (5:15 p.m.)". Sun.Star Cebu. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  13. Torres, Tetch (May 6, 2010). "SC nullifies NP-NPC coalition". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 9, 2010.
  14. Maragay, Fel V. (March 1, 2010). "NP-NPC coalition complicates fight in the local level". SunStar. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  15. Gabieta, Joey A. (March 29, 2016). "Nacionalista declares free zone, won't endorse bets in presidential, VP polls". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  16. Mercado, Neil Arwin (March 29, 2022). "BREAK: Marcos-Duterte gets backing of Villar's Nacionalista Party". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  17. Laurel was member of the NP before 1942 and from 1945–1959. During his tenure as President, he was affiliated with KALIBAPI.
  18. During the 1946 presidential election, Roxas, who is a member of the liberal-wing of the NP, formed the Liberal Party and eventually moved there.
  19. Moved to the Liberal Party during the 1946 presidential election.
  20. In 1978, Marcos left the NP and formed his own political party known as the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL).
  21. Estrada was a member of the NP during his term as Senator. In 1991, he formed his own party known as the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP).
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