Mercedes-Benz turbocharged V6 F1 engine

The Mercedes-Benz turbocharged V6 F1 engine (formally known as the Mercedes-Benz PU engine from 2014 to 2016; the Mercedes-AMG Mxx EQ Power+ from 2017 to 2019; the Mercedes-AMG Mxx EQ/E Performance from 2020 to 2021; and the Mercedes-AMG F1 M13 for 2022) is a 1.6-liter, hybrid turbocharged V6 racing engine developed and produced by Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains for Formula One since 2014. The engine itself is coupled with an energy recovery system hybrid unit, and all evolutions and newer iterations of the power unit are based on the same basic hybrid architecture that has existed since 2014.

Mercedes 1.6 V6 turbo[1]
Overview
Manufacturer Mercedes-Benz/Mercedes-AMG High Performance Powertrains
Production2014-present
Layout
ConfigurationV-6 single hybrid turbocharged engine, 90° cylinder angle
Displacement1.6 L (98 cu in)
Cylinder bore80 mm (3.15 in)
Piston stroke53 mm (2.09 in)
Block materialAluminum alloy
Head materialAluminum alloy
Valvetrain24-valve (four-valves per cylinder), DOHC
Combustion
TurbochargerHybrid turbocharger with typical 3.5-5.0 bar boost pressure
Fuel system500 bar (7,252 psi) gasoline direct injection
ManagementMcLaren TAG-320
Fuel typePetronas Primax unleaded gasoline 94.25% + 5.75% biofuel[2]
Oil systemDry sump
Cooling systemSingle water pump
Output
Power output640–748 + 160 hp (477–558 + 119 kW) (2014–2016)
786 + 160 hp (586 + 119 kW) (2017–2018)[3]
840–900 + 160 hp (626–671 + 119 kW) (2019-present)
Torque outputApprox. 600–822 N⋅m (443–606 ft⋅lb)
Dimensions
Dry weight145 kg (320 lb) overall including headers, clutch, ECU, spark box or filters
Chronology
PredecessorMercedes-Benz FO engine

Background

The new Formula One regulations in 2014 saw Mercedes produce a hybrid 1.6-liter turbocharged V6 engine, which features both a kinetic energy recovery system and a heat energy recovery system. The Mercedes engine started the season with a clear advantage, with Mercedes-engined cars scoring the majority of the points.[4] Since the introduction of the new engine formula, Mercedes-powered cars have achieved pole position in 120 out of 160 races as of the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, and have won 113 out of 160 races during this period.

Statistics
Season Chassis Races Wins Pole positions 1–2 finishes Podiums Fastest laps Average winning margin Points Percentage of available points WDC WCC
2014 Mercedes F1 W05 Hybrid 19 16 18 11 31 12 23.2 seconds 701 82% 1st, 2nd 1st
2015 Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid 19 16 18 12 32 13 19.7 seconds 703 86% 1st, 2nd 1st
2016 Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid 21 19 20 8 33 9 14.6 seconds 765 85% 1st, 2nd 1st
2017 Mercedes AMG F1 W08 EQ Power+ 20 12 15 4 26 9 13.1 seconds 668 78% 1st, 3rd 1st
2018 Mercedes AMG F1 W09 EQ Power+ 21 11 13 4 25 10 6.8 seconds 655 73% 1st, 5th 1st
2019 Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+ 21 15 10 9 32 9 11.8 seconds 739 80% 1st, 2nd 1st
2020 Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance 17 13 15 5 25 9 15.6 seconds 573 77% 1st, 2nd 1st
2021 Mercedes-AMG F1 W12 E Performance 22 9 9 0 28 10 19.5 seconds 613.5 64% 2nd, 3rd 1st

Other applications

Mercedes-AMG One

The powertrain of the Mercedes-AMG ONE is expected to be rated at 475–775 kW (646–1,054 PS; 637–1,039 hp) through a hybrid drivetrain that shares many features with modern Formula One cars. The car has five motors with different functions on board: one internal combustion engine (ICE) and four electric motors. It is based on a modified version of the 1.6 L (98 cu in) Mercedes-Benz PU106C Hybrid E-turbo V6, used in the 2016 Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid Formula One car.[5][6] Modifications will be done to the engine due to the engine's illegality in RPM idle and redline.

The head of Mercedes-AMG, Tobias Moers, states that the engine will be at 1,280 rpm when idle, and at 11,000 rpm when at its redline limit.[7] However, the engine will only last for 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and the owners will have to return their cars for engine refurbishment.[8] The ICE produces 558 kW (759 PS; 748 hp), with torque figures still unknown. The top speed of this car is around 217 mph (350 km/h).[9]

The internal combustion engine will work in conjunction with four electric motors: a 120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp) Motor Generator Unit-Kinetic (MGU-K) coupled to the crankshaft, a 90 kW (122 PS; 121 hp) Motor Generator Unit-Heat (MGU-H) coupled to the turbocharger, and two 120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp) electric motors at the front axle.[10] The MGU-K and MGU-H are Formula One-style motors responsible for recovering energy and improving efficiency during operation of the car.[11] More specifically, the MGU-K serves to generate electricity during braking, while the MGU-H serves to eliminate turbocharger lag and improve throttle response by keeping the turbine spinning at high speeds.[10] The final two electric motors drive the front wheels to allow for an all-wheel drive drivetrain, and the sum of these four electric motors will contribute 450 kW (612 PS; 603 hp) effective power to the total power output figure of the ONE.

References
  1. "Formula 1 Engine Facts « Mercedes AMG HPP". mercedes-amg-hpp.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. "Mercedes-Benz International: News, Pictures, Videos & Livestreams". mercedesamgf1.com. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  3. "How much power F1 engines have?". 5 January 2018.
  4. Benson, Andrew (9 April 2014). "F1: McLaren can catch Mercedes says race chief Eric Boullier". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  5. "Mercedes-AMG 'Project One' hypercar coming with 1,020-hp, hybrid all-wheel drive". Motor Authority. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
  6. "Mercedes-AMG 'Project One' - Defining the future with 'a street-legal F1 powertrain". Evo. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
  7. Jack Rix (2017-03-07). "The Mercedes-AMG Project One hypercar will cost €2.275m". Top Gear. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
  8. Feann Torr (2017-03-10). "AMG hypercar engine only good for 50,000km". motoring.com.au. Archived from the original on 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2017-03-15.
  9. Traugott, Jay (2017-04-24). "The Mercedes-AMG Project One Hypercar Will Have 1,020 HP". CarBuzz. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  10. Csere, Csaba (2017-09-17). "Mercedes-AMG Project One Photos and Info | News | Car and Driver". Car and Driver. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
  11. "Power unit and ERS". Formula1.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
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