Manis palaeojavanica

Giant asian pangolin (Manis palaeojavanica ["ancient Javan pangolin"]), is an extinct species of pangolin (from genus Manis) native to Asia.[5]

Manis palaeojavanica
Temporal range: late Pleistocene
bones of Manis palaeojavanica (darker)
compared to same bones of
Manis javanica (lighter)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Pholidota
Family: Manidae
Genus: Manis
Subgenus: Paramanis
Species:
†M. palaeojavanica
Binomial name
†Manis palaeojavanica
Dubois, 1907[1]
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
  • Manis palaejavanica (Dubois, 1908)[2]
  • Manis palaejavanico (Weber, 1928)[3]
  • Manis palaeojavanicus (Dubois, 1907)
  • Manis paleojavanica (Raven, 1935)[4]

In 1926, E. Dubois described the bones of M. palaeojavanica discovered in Java. Later, Lord Medway excavated another set of bones at the Niah Caves in Malaysia. In 1960, D. A. Hoojier identified these bones as that of an extinct species. Using carbon dating, the Niah Caves bones were determined to be 42,000–47,000 years old.[6]

M. palaeojavanica is one of the only known fossils to be found nearly complete of the pangolin species, due to their armour-like scales that protected their bodies when they were alive.[7]

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic position of Manis palaeojavanica within family Manidae.[8][9][10]

 Pholidotamorpha 
 

†Palaeanodonta

 
 Pholidota 
 

†Euromanis

 
 ? 

†Pholidota sp. (BC 16’08)

 
 
 

†Eurotamanduidae

 
 Eupholidota 
 

†Eomanoidea

 
 Manoidea 
 

†Patriomanidae

 
 ? 

†Necromanis

 
 Manidae 
 Smutsiinae 
 

Phatagininae

 
 

Smutsiinae (sensu stricto)

 
 sensu lato 
 ? 

†Manidае sp. (DPC 3972 & DPC 4364)

 
 Maninae 
 Manis 
 
 

Manis pentadactyla

 
 ? 

†Manis hungarica

 
 
 
 
 

Manis crassicaudata

 
 ? 

†Manis lydekkeri

 
 
 
 ? 

Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)

 
 (Paramanis) 
 

Manis culionensis

 
 

Manis javanica

 
 

†Manis palaeojavanica

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 sensu stricto 
 (Pholidota sensu lato) 

References
  1. Dubois, E. (1907.) "Eenige van Nederlandschen kant verkregen uitkomsten met betrekking tot de kennis der Kendeng-fauna (Fauna van Trinil)." Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen., Serie 2 (24):449-458
  2. Dubois, E. (1908.) "Das Geologische Alter der Kendengoder Trinil-Fauna." Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen., Serie 2 (25):1235-1270, pl. 39.
  3. Max Weber (1928.) "Die Säugetiere", vol. 2, Jena, p. 185
  4. Raven, Henry Cushier (1935.) "Wallace's line and the distribution of Indo-Australian mammals." Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 68, article 4
  5. John C. Barentine (2016). Uncharted Constellations: Asterisms, Single-Source and Rebrands. Springer. p. 186. ISBN 978-3-319-27619-9.
  6. Quentin Phillipps; Karen Phillipps (2016). Phillipps' Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and Their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Princeton University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-691-16941-5.
  7. Gaudin, Timothy J.; Emry, Robert J.; Wible, John R. (December 2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4): 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. ISSN 1064-7554. S2CID 1773698.
  8. Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media. 16 (4): 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698.
  9. Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.
  10. Philippe Gaubert, Agostinho Antunes, Hao Meng, Lin Miao, Stéphane Peigné, Fabienne Justy, Flobert Njiokou, Sylvain Dufour, Emmanuel Danquah, Jayanthi Alahakoon, Erik Verheyen, William T Stanley, Stephen J O’Brien, Warren E Johnson, Shu-Jin Luo (2018) "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth" Journal of Heredity, Volume 109, Issue 4, Pages 347–359
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