List of retroactive continuities

The following are examples of retroactive continuities (or retcons).

Film
  • The live-action Transformers film series, directed by Michael Bay, see on how the Autobots have been caught within the laws of humanity, in the second film USN security advisor Theodore Galloway wants the Autobots off the face of the Earth due to them, including their leader Optimus Prime, bringing the attention of the Decepticons. On the fourth installment, a secret task force named Cemetery Wind joins with bounty hunter Lockdown to seek and destroy the Autobots due to their involvement of the destruction of Chicago in the third film and falsely portrayed as Decepticons by Harold Attinger, who desiress the purity of the human race and exploiting Cybertronian technology for profit. In the fifth film, an advanced human military called the Transformers Reaction Force ("TRF" for short) were recruited to exterminate every Cybertronian being on sight, whether they are Autobots or Decepticons. This was Bay's final directing role of the series, due to him thinking that he is wasting his career.
    • The series also has some ongoing charges, for starters Bumblebee still cannot speak within the four sequels despite regaining it after the end of the first film, in Dark of the Moon Sam Witwickey later dates with Carly Spencer after Mikaela dumps him, in the Age of Extinction Sam's role was replaced by Cade Yeager after he was presumed to be killed by Cemetery Wind along with some of the previous Autobot troops to make way for the new team.
  • Creed (2015), the seventh entry of the Rocky film series which serves as a sequel and spin-off to 2006's Rocky Balboa (the sixth film), contains a major change into the continuity of the previous films. Creed establishes that during the events of Rocky IV, Rocky's friend and rival Apollo Creed had an affair that resulted in a woman's pregnancy shortly before his boxing match against Ivan Drago during which Apollo dies on the ring. Months after the fight, the woman gives birth to Adonis "Donnie" Creed, the illegitimate son of Apollo Creed. Donnie never meets his father and is the protagonist of the film Creed; furthermore the film reveals Apollo won the fight at the end of Rocky III implying that that is the reason why Apollo agreed to fight Ivan Drago.[1]
  • Alien vs. Predator (2004), a crossover film between the Alien and Predator franchises, which serves as a bridge between both franchises' original films from 1979 to 1997.[2] The film introduces Charles Bishop Weyland, the founder of Weyland Corporation before he leads in an expedition in Antarctica with experts to explore a buried pyramid, until he was killed by Predator creature named Scar. Since the film was later ignored by the events of the Alien prequel Prometheus (2012) and the Predator sequel Predators (2010).[3][4] However, The Predator (2018), would follow the events of Alien vs. Predator and its sequel Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), with the former film includes Lex's Alien tail spear in the film.[5][6]
  • In the Heisei and Millennium eras of the Godzilla film series, the events of the Showa era after the original film never happened. In particular, each film in the Millennium series – except for Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S., which serves as the direct sequel to Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla – serves as a direct sequel to the original 1954 film.[7]
  • In Iron Man 2, Jon Favreau's son Max appears as a child wearing an Iron Man mask whom Stark saves from a drone. This was retroactively made the introduction of a young Peter Parker to the MCU, as confirmed in June 2017 by eventual Spider-Man actor Tom Holland, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige and Spider-Man: Homecoming director Jon Watts.[8][9]
  • In a flashback scene of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales it is revealed that Jack Sparrow's compass was given to him by the former captain of Wicked Wench. However, in the second installment of the franchise Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest Tia Dalma said that the compass was bartered by Jack from her. Moreover, the majority of the plotlines of the previous movie Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides were totally dismissed, leaving only the Black Pearl in the bottle. The fleet in the bottles of Blackbeard stolen by Mr. Gibbs never appears nor be mentioned in the movie. Will Turner's being as a captain of the Flying Dutchman is never previously referred as a curse, but a kind of a work. Originally, it has been planned that Will Turner will serve on a Dutchman only 10 years, after which he returns to Elizabeth, as it is seen the post-credit scene of Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. This has been changed due to the introduction of the son of Will Turner, Henry, who wants to break the curse. The daughter of Hector Barbossa Carina Smyth could not exist in the continuity of the franchise. Carina's age is approximately that of Henry's, who is 21. Despite this, during the events of the third installment, there was no mention of the lover of Barbossa named Margaret. It is shown in the movie that Jack Sparrow knows her name, which could not happen, because Jack doesn't see Barbossa until the events of the fourth movie, which is set in 1750, while the following movie is set only five years after this.

Star Wars
Main article: Star Wars in other media
  • Star Wars (1977) features Obi-Wan Kenobi telling Luke Skywalker that Anakin Skywalker (Luke's father) was betrayed and killed by Darth Vader. The sequel film The Empire Strikes Back (1980) has Vader reveal himself as Anakin Skywalker. George Lucas decided to merge the two characters while writing The Empire Strikes Back. The following film Return of the Jedi (1983) has Obi-Wan justifying his original description of Vader having 'murdered' Anakin as being truth "from a certain point of view": from his point of view, when Anakin became Vader, he destroyed everything that was good about his former friend and apprentice. Similarly Princess Leia had been previously set as an upper-class romantic interest for the farm boy Luke, but in Empire Strikes Back Leia falls in love with Han Solo. In order to avoid a possible love triangle, Return of the Jedi reveals Leia as Luke Skywalker's twin sister (and therefore, daughter of Darth Vader). Lucas had originally planned Luke's sister to be a separate character, before deciding to accommodate her into the already established Leia.
  • Rogue One (2016) explains the improbable vulnerability of the Death Star in A New Hope to small rebel ships as a consequence of deliberate sabotage on the part of Galen Erso, the key Death Star architect. The retcon was positively received.[10]
  • Boba Fett and Darth Maul returned to life to positive reception, after both dying in previous films.[11]
  • Star Wars IX: Rise of Skywalker: In the sequel trilogy 30 years after Darth Sidious death in Return of the Jedi. In the final film, Rise of Skywalker, it is revealed that the smuggler turned Jedi Rey is the granddaughter of Darth Sidious, whom is revealed alive on the planet Exegol who was secretly building a new Empire with the help of the Sith cultist. Though the means of Palatine's return to life were never revealed in the movie itself, only in a tie-in book he is described as having transferred his essence into an imperfect clone of himself, leading to a negative reception towards the retcon due to not being explained in the film itself.[12]
    • In addition to the many perceived retcon plot-holes on that scene, Episode IX is perceived to also have many other retcon plot-holes outside of it, among them is Darth Sidious return to life (which is never explained on-screen), Rey using Luke Skywalker's X-wing (which was clearly broken in the previous film), and also on the fact that Tie Fighters had no hyperdrives on the previous Original Trilogy films. Thus Kylo Ren could never had reached the fight with Darth Sidious on time, because Rey had taken away his ship.[13][14]
    • Specially controversial was a scene in which Rey hears some Jedi voices in her head before killing Darth Sidious. Attempting to defend the theatrical cut's "conscious choice" of not showing ghosts, and instead only showing the voices, the VFX-editor Roger Guyett said he perceived the idea of hearing them, made them "almost more powerful than the idea of actually visually seeing them". He also said, "What I liked about that idea as it developed, was that you feel like you're with Rey and you're inside her head" (very clearly noting that Rey hears the voices inside of her head). The controversy led to fan-edits adding the Force ghosts with footage from the previous films.[15][16] The scene also got inadvertently compared to the beginning of the movie, which establishes Darth Sidious has the new Force ability of imitating voices in people's heads, by imitating Snoke and Darth Vader in Kylo Ren's head, this led some viewers to interpret evil Palpatine was all those voices, and won the final battle.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In addition to conspiracy theories about the film's production and perceived failures on Reddit, another plot related popular fan theory supported by website Esquire, spawned due to the film's plot-holes, and in regard to the same previously mentioned scene of the "ghosts". The fan theory claims that the villain Darth Sidious won at the end of the last film and possesses Rey's body by making her kill him (which he stated, as his evil plan in the film). Due to a plot-hole that leaves open ended that Darth Sidious was possibly imitating "the voices of the Jedi that Rey hears in her head",[16][15] before defeating Darth Sidious. Since the scene inadvertently got compared to the beginning of the movie, which establishes Darth Sidious has the new Force ability of imitating voices in people's heads, when Darth Sidious imitates Snoke and Darth Vader in Kylo Ren's head.[17][18][19][20][21][22] Esquire noted the fan theory, states that in his initial meeting with Kylo Ren, Darth Sidious reveals that he has the ability to imitate voices into people's heads, by imitating the voices of Darth Vader and Snoke. This creates a plot-hole were some people perceive all of the Jedi voices that Rey hears could be perceived as mere imitations by Darth Sidious done in Rey's head,[15] by using the same ability Darth Sidious had revealed he had earlier in the film. Since those voices also help Rey to kill Darth Sidious, something that the former Emperor stated he wanted Rey to do in order to merge his soul into her body (while the film does not mention the possibility of the voices being imitations by Darth Sidious, noting in the film prevents the possibility). The film makes it impossible to determine if the voices were truly the past Jedi or imitations by Darth Sidious. Without mentioning the unconfirmed origin of the voices, some websites like Digital Spy argue that Darth Sidious death due to Rey deflecting Darth Sidious own Force lighting bolt back at him, could make the cause of death a suicide (thus preventing Darth Sidious from merging his soul to her body). However, Esquire argued that it could still count as Rey murdering him (which would mean Darth Sidious won and fulfilled his plan of merging his soul into Rey's body, and that even if it was not the original intention, it could be very easily rewritten such).[17][18][19][20][16][24][22][25][21] Time magazine, called the film and its retcons "problematic", perceiving Abrams' choices as having been made to appease the complaints leveled by a toxic contingent of online fandom angered by The Last Jedi, in particular online trolls who harassed Johnson and several cast members, most notably Tran.[26][27] Time also called the plot point of who won "unclear".[28] Website Syfy.com reviewed the theory, stating that it seemed plausible except nothing Rey does later suggest that Rey got possessed by Darth Sidious, that Disney would not permit "the devil to win", and that the theory attempts to retcon the events of the film instead of predicting something that could happen later or move the narrative forward. However it called the fan-theory somewhat of a genuine attempt at "narrative salvation" by filling the narrative voids left by the Rise of Skywalker, which it described as "half-baked and ridden with actual plot-holes".[22] Many Reddit conspiracy theories centering on the production of the film led to false rumors about the existence of multiple director's cuts of the film, including one that supposedly included visual appearances of the (blue colored) ghosts of Obi-wan, Anakin Skywalker, and Yoda, instead of only their voices (the rumor, being completely unrelated to IX: Duel of the Fates). Although it was argued that most fans do not believe in the existence of the alternate cut by Abrams, it is believed they rather supported it as the means towards asking for a better cut of the negatively received film, as well as for a better end towards the franchise. Others, however, saw it as a parody of the movement in which fans lobbied for the Snyder Cut of the poorly received Justice League movie (the Snyder Cut proving to be true somewhat fueled credibility on to those fake Abrams alternate cut conspiracy theories). The petitions asking for a better version of the film started in January 2020, shortly after the film's release.[29][30] Abrams' friend Greg Grunberg, who had cameos on the films, called the Abrams cut conspiracy fake.[31] Website Vox was negative towards the theories, and called them fake.[32] The Abrams cut conspiracy theories are considered to all be fake, but the unmade and unfilmed script Star Wars: Duel of the Fates by Trevorow has been confirmed as real. The parallel existence of both, led some people to confuse it as part of the conspiracy theories. According to the website The Ringer, unjustified rumors of a better version of Episode IX persisted 15 months after the film's release (this not being based on the IX: Duel of the Fates draft which was never filmed), mostly fueled by dissatisfaction with the Abrams film that got released, and noted the hashtag asking for another version of the film resurfaced due to the success of the Snyder Cut of Justice League being better than the theatrical cut directed by Joss Whedon whose changes to Zack Snyder's movie, have been compared to the ones that Abrams made to the never filmed Colin Trevorow's script of Star Wars IX titled Duel of the Fates, and also that a lot of unreleased footage from the film exists, even if there is no proof it could improve the film at all.[33][34][35] A Forbes writer stated conspiracy theories originated due to "the film being so bad", and that to a degree the film seemed a typical case of studio interference, comparing it to the Snyder Cut and noting actor Dominic Monaghan, who appeared on the film backed the idea of a "Special Edition" of the film.[36] Despite that a never released deleted scene where Kylo Ren called Palpatine a clone is also known to exist, Forbes noted the supposed Abrams cut rumors did not mention it, and stated the deleted scene would not be enough to fix the film. No deleted scenes have been released yet.[37][38] Another never released deleted scene of Kylo Ren torturing Chewbacca is known to exist.[39] Regardless of their lack of validity those conspiracy theories led fan editors attempting to fix the film by employing archive footage to visually incorporate the (blue colored) ghosts of Anakin Skywalker, Obi-wan, Luke, and Yoda, into a fan-made version of the scene, which was positively received for its technical execution. Website Inverse argued that the scene, especially on the part featuring Anakin interacting with Rey was better than the scene in the original film, and called for Lucasfilm to include it in a future Special Edition re-release of the film, regardless of the authenticity of the rumors that spawned it.[19][40][41] Digital Spy said it was up to fans to choose which they liked more, in regards to seeing the ghosts or only hearing them.[42] Website Techradar compared the scene to The Phantom Edit fan-edit of the prequel trilogy, saying it was the sequel trilogy's equivalent to that fan-edit.[41] Abrams however affirmed his dedication not to retroactively release alternate versions of the films, saying, "I feel like [when] you're done with a thing...that's what it is."[43] Cinema Blend argued it made a world difference and that it would have helped to better bridge the continuity between prequels and sequels.[44][45] GamesRadar+ noted the fans dissatisfaction with the film that led to such fan edits, of which it added there were multiple fan-edits beyond the most popular one, and that some even toyed with replacing the Jedi voices with Sith voices.[46] Screenrant was positive towards the fan made scene, but noted it should had also included Ahsoka Tano, and that the author was a YouTube account named "Jon H".[47][48]
    • Screenrant noted that Darth Sidious should have been able to stop shooting the deflected lighting that was killing him, since his former apprentice Count Dooku was able in Attack of the Clones, and that Darth Sidious should have been aware of the dangers of a lightsaber deflecting his Force lighting back at him, due to it being how Mace Windu deformed his face in Revenge of the Sith.[49][50][51]
    • Episode III: Revenge of the Sith established that the ability to become a Force ghost required special training in life. Since Qui-Gon only revealed the ability to return as a Force ghost along the required training, long after the death of Mace Windu and various of the other voices Rey hears in her head in Episode IX before killing Palpatine. As noted by website Screenrant, the return as a Force ghost of some of those voices clearly contradicts how Force ghosts worked in the previous films, and brings into question where were those voices during the events of the Original Trilogy (such plot-hole would not exist if the voices were imitations by Darth Sidious, which arguably would be more consistent to the previous films).[13][52][53][54] Qui-Gon is shown starting the training of Yoda to become a Force ghost, which required a complicated set of special trials, in the Season 6 finale of The Clone Wars animated series.[55] According to website Gizmodo, the technique took years to learn, and no one knew the ability other than the Force priestesses that originally taught the technique to Qui-Gon. The only characters to learn the technique from Qui-Gon were Yoda, Obi-wan, and it is assumed Luke learned it from them. While Anakin was the only one who naturally achieved it without training.[56]
    • According to The Ringer the reception towards the J. J. Abrams´s directed Star Wars IX: Rise of Skywalker was so controversial, that the film (and its tie-ins), kept generating negative or controversial headlines in regards to the film's plot holes and retcon attempts to fix them for almost 10 months after its release. While contrasting how most of the other Star Wars projects released during that time span were better received. Including Dave Filoni projects like The Mandalorian and the finale of The Clone Wars animated series.[57][58][59][60][61][62] Though articles criticizing the retcon attempts to fix the plot-holes of Star Wars IX existed even almost 2 years after.[63][64][65][66] Scott Mendelson for Forbes described the film as "possibly worse" compared to the previous Skywalker saga films while ending the main saga and "denying this new trilogy its artistic reason for existence", and criticized the film for retconning The Last Jedi and for its conventional plot twists; saying that "patronizing reversals in the name of mollifying the fans who merely want to be reminded of the first three movies."[67] Two other Forbes writers criticized the movie containing a number of plot holes (Palpatine's return and his relationship to Rey being the most prominent).[68][69][63] According to IGN, the plot points and unanswered questions in The Rise of Skywalker were addressed by tie-in books and comics that would "require fans a total of $150, that would be better spent on Baby Yoda merchandise."[70]

Literature
  • When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle killed off his character Sherlock Holmes by plunging him to his death over the Reichenbach Falls with his nemesis Professor Moriarty, the public's demand for Holmes was so great that Doyle was compelled to bring him back to life in a subsequent story, where he details that Holmes had merely faked his death.
  • Though the term "retcon" did not yet exist when George Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four, the totalitarian regime depicted in that book is involved in a constant, large-scale retconning of records. For example, when it is suddenly announced that "Oceania was not after all in war with Eurasia. Oceania was at war with Eastasia and Eurasia was an ally" (Part Two, Ch. 9), there is an immediate intensive effort to change "all reports and records, newspapers, books, pamphlets, films, sound-tracks and photographs" and make them all record a war with Eastasia rather than one with Eurasia. "Often it was enough to merely substitute one name for another, but any detailed report of events demanded care and imagination. Even the geographical knowledge needed in transferring the war from one part of the world to another was considerable." See historical revisionism (negationism)
  • Ian Malcolm: Although he is declared dead in "Jurassic Park" he returns in "The Lost World." Malcolm was the most popular character in the first novel and Michael Crichton decided that he needed the character for the sequel.

Television
  • In 2004, Coronation Street retconned the Baldwin family after Mike Baldwin's nephew Danny and wife Frankie moved to the area from Essex, with their two sons Jamie and Warren. Mike had been portrayed as an only child prior to this moment, with his father appearing in the program between 1980 and 1982 to confirm the notion.
  • First of the Summer Wine, the prequel to the long-running British sitcom Last of the Summer Wine, retconned the character Seymour Utterthwaite as a pre-World War II friend of the other central characters. Seymour had been introduced into later series of Last of the Summer Wine and was previously unknown to the stalwart characters, Compo and Clegg.[71]
  • The revived series of British science fiction television program Doctor Who and its television spin-offs use retroactive continuity as a plot device.
    • Show runner Steven Moffat's fifth series finale depicted the Doctor rebooting the universe. In answer to a fan's question, Moffat tweeted: "The whole universe came exactly as it was. Except for any continuity errors I need to explain away."[72]
    • In the sixth series, Moffat introduces new aliens the Silence, who erase your memory of them the moment you look away. Commenting on this device, writer MaryAnn Johanson writes, "That could be happening throughout this story... indeed, through the entire history of Doctor Who. Moffat has just created a pretty much unassailable narratively sound reason for inserting retcons anywhere throughout the half-century history of the show."
    • In the seventh series finale, Moffat creates an antihero unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor in the run-up to the show's 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor".[73] He is shown in the mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor" retroactively inserted into the show's fictional chronology between the Eighth and Ninth Doctors, although his introduction was written so as not to disturb the established numerical naming of the Doctors.[74]
    • In the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor", Moffat revealed, that at the last instant of the Time War, the Doctor hid his war-torn home planet in time, rather than destroy it.[75]
    • In the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood, created by Russell T Davies, a drug used to erase the memory of characters is called "retcon"; the use of the drug is often referred to by characters as "retconning".

Video games
  • The chronology of The Legend of Zelda series was subject to much debate among fans until an official timeline was printed in the collector's book Hyrule Historia, released in Japan on December 21, 2011.[76][77] Hyrule Historia contains a timeline that explains how each game fits within the storyline. This includes introducing a three-way split after Ocarina of Time. The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword helps explain the appearance of multiple Zelda, Link and Ganondorf characters across hundreds of years.
  • The original Ninja Gaiden trilogy for the NES was followed years later by a new series of sequels produced by Team Ninja beginning with Ninja Gaiden for the Xbox in 2004. However, the second generation of Ninja Gaiden video games, being prequels to original series[78][79][80] has many differences from the NES trilogy. The character design of Ryu Hayabusa in the new games is now based on the Dead or Alive incarnation of the character with long hair and green eyes, the character design of Ryu's father, Ken Hayabusa, has been updated as well, the character now being addressed in the English versions by his original name in the Japanese versions (Jo Hayabusa), and producer Tomonobu Itagaki hints at the possibility that Sonia, a character from the new games, might be Irene Lew from the original series.[80] With the release of Dead or Alive: Dimensions in 2011, it has been revealed that Sonia is indeed Irene Lew.[81][82]
  • In Metal Gear, the character Big Boss serves as Solid Snake's commanding officer and is apparently revealed near the end of the game to also be the main antagonist. However, Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain establishes the antagonist character to actually be a body double of the real Big Boss, called Venom Snake, who is killed by Solid Snake during this encounter. The original Big Boss later becomes the antagonist in the series' second entry, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake.[83]
  • In the ending of 2006's Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic and Elise blow out the flame of Solaris, undoing all changes made by Iblis and causing the entire story to never happen; thus undoing all the inconsistencies the game's plot caused.

Ignored sequels in various media

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