List of political parties in Afghanistan

This article lists political parties in Afghanistan.

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The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan had a multi-party system in development with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. No political party is permitted to exist that advocates anything that is deemed to go against Islamic morality.

The law governing the formation of political parties was promulgated in 2009, and requires parties to have at least 10,000 members, (previously they had only needed 700 members).[1] The Afghan Ministry of Justice has registered 84 parties since the new law took effect.[2]

After the Fall of Kabul on August 15, 2021, the Taliban is now in de facto control of Afghanistan. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has been reestablished and many of the political parties are now banned or exiled.

Major parties

Note that the following parties were major in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, now that the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has been reestablished the parties have been banned or sent to exile.

English nameIdeology[3]Status
Afghanistan United Nation PartySocialism
Secularism
Gender Equality		Banned or in exile[4]
National Enlightenment Consensus Party of AfghanistanSocialism
Secularism
Gender Equality		Banned or in exile
National United Party of AfghanistanSocialism
Secularism
Gender Equality		Banned or in exile
Solidarity Party of AfghanistanSocialism
Secularism
Gender Equality		Banned or in exile
Hizb ut-TahrirIslamismBanned or in exile
Afghan Peace MovementSocialism
Secularism		Banned or in exile
Islamic PartyIslamismBanned or in exile
Republican Party of AfghanistanRepublicanismBanned or in exile
Islamic SocietyIslamismBanned or in exile
Islamic Movement of AfghanistanIslamismBanned or in exile
Afghan Social Democratic PartySocial democracyBanned or in exile
Islamic United Party of AfghanistanTraditionalism
Islamism		Banned or in exile
Islamic Dawah Organisation of AfghanistanIslamism
Conservatism		Banned or in exile
National Islamic Movement of AfghanistanSecularism
Liberalism		Banned or in exile
National Rescue FrontTraditionalism
Islamism		Banned or in exile
Afghan Liberal PartySecularismBanned or in exile
Moderation Party of AfghanistanAfghan nationalism, DemocracyBanned or in exile
Afghanistan Liberation OrganizationCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
Maoism
Anti-revisionism		Banned or in exile
Communist (Maoist) Party of AfghanistanCommunism,
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism		Banned or in exile
Democratic Watan Party of AfghanistanNeomarxism,
Socialism,
Islamic socialism,
Secularism
Democratic socialism
Progressivism		Banned or in exile

Minor parties

Former parties

Since the coup in 1973, Afghanistan has had many different political parties. These include Mohammed Daoud Khan's National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan, the People's Democratic Party and the Democratic Watan Party of Afghanistan from the communist era, and the Northern Alliance that took power after the Fall of Kabul in April 1992, and ran the country until the Taliban's coup in 1996.

English nameIdeologyNotes
National Revolutionary Party of AfghanistanRepublicanism,
Secularism		Party founded by first president Mohammad Daoud Khan. Only legal party under his rule. Ceased to exist after a bloody military coup by the communists in 1978.
People's Democratic Party of AfghanistanCommunism,
Marxist-Leninism,
Secularism,
Left-wing nationalism		Communist party founded in 1965. Gained power in a 1978 coup, and was the dominant party of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from 1978 to 1990. Replaced by the Democratic Watan Party in 1990.
People's Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan (Feda'ian) Socialism
Shalleh-ye JaviydCommunism,
Marxism–Leninism,
Maoism,
Anti-revisionism		Banned in 1969 for opposing the Shah regime.

References
  1. "Political Parties in Afghanistan," British Embassy in Kabul website (accessed 14 December 2012)
  2. "Afghanistan sees new political parties form: Activism indicates defeat of militancy, politicians say," by Zia Ur Rehman, Central Asia Online, 11 September 2012 (accessed 14 December 2012)
  3. "Refworld | A House Divided? Analysing the 2005 Afghan Elections".
  4. "Afghanistan: Political party leaders protest cabinet choices made by Taliban".

See also
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