List of nuclear research reactors

• Es Salam (The Peace), 15 MW heavy-water nuclear reactor for research, located in Aïn Oussera, in service since 1993
• Nur, research reactor built by Argentine INVAP

The main uses of the current OPAL reactor are:

• Irradiation of target materials to produce radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications
• Research in the fields of materials science and structural biology using neutron beams and its sophisticated suite of experimental equipment
• Analysis of minerals and samples using the neutron activation technique and the delay neutron activation technique
• Irradiation of silicon ingots in order to dope them with phosphorus and produce the basic material used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices

• Austrian Research Centers at Seibersdorf — 10 MW ASTRA research reactor (in use 1960–1999)
• Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities in Vienna — 250 kW TRIGA Mark II research reactor (in use since 1962)
• Reactor Institute of the Technical University in Graz — 10 kW Siemens Argonaut research reactor (operated from 1965–2004)

• Savar – TRIGA Mark II, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (installed 1986)

• Sosny, Minsk
  • IRT research reactor (shut down 1988)
  • "Pamir" - mobile nuclear power reactor test (shut down 1986)

• BR-1 – 4MWt air-cooled, graphite moderated research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[3]
• BR-2 – 125MWt water-cooled, beryllium moderated material testing research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[4]
• BR-3 – 11MWe PWR reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at SCK•CEN, Mol[5]
• VENUS – zero power critical facility, converted to GUINEVERE, at SCK•CEN, Mol[6]
• GUINEVERE – fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol[7]
• Thetis reactor – 250kWt pool type reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at Ghent university (51°1′25.71″N 3°44′21.96″E)[8][9][10]

• IEA-R1 – 5MW open pool reactor, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo (criticality 1957-09-16)
• IPR-R1 – 250 kW TRIGA Mark I, – CDTN-Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte (criticality 1960-11-06)
• ARGONAUTA – 100 kW Argonaut class reactor, – IEN-Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro (criticality 1965-02-20)
• IPEN/MB-01 – 0.1 kW Critical assembly, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo (criticality 1988-11-09)

• Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia) – IRT-200 research reactor, partially decommissioned in 2009, shut down

• RECH 1 – Pool-type reactor, 5 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1974)
• RECH 2 – Pool-type reactor, 10 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989), currently in extended shutdown[16]

• CEFR Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor (65 MW, 20 MWe, sodium cooled fast-spectrum neutron reactor). Located at CIAE Beijing, construction started May 2000, first criticality July 2010.

• Bogotá – IAN-R1, 100 kW – TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Science (installed in 1997)

• TRICO I – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 50 kW (initial criticality 1959, shut down 1970)
• TRICO II – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 1 MW (initial criticality 1972, extended shut down since 2004)[17]

• Řež – 2 research reactors (LVR-15 (a VVR-SM type reactor), LR-0)
• Prague – training reactor VR-1 at Czech Technical University

• Risø – DR-3 DIDO class experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2000)
• Risø – DR-2 experimental reactor (shut down in 1975)
• Risø – DR-1 experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2001)

• Nuclear Research Center at Inshas:
  • ETRR-1 – 2 MW LWR
  • ETRR-2 – 22 MW reactor, built by Argentine INVAP

• Paldiski – 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)

• FiR 1 – TRIGA Mark II, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo (installed 1962, decommissioned 2015)

Shut down:

Working:

• Azur at Cadarache
• Cabri at Cadarache
• Eole at Cadarache
• Isis at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
• Masurca at Cadarache
• Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF) at Institut Laue-Langevin, currently the world's most intense source of neutrons and the source of the most intense neutron flux
• Minerve at Cadarache
• Orphée at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre

• AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
• AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
• BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990
• FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) – Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958
• FRM II – Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
• FRMZ – TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
• FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981

• (Temporary shutdown) GRR-1 – 5 MW research reactor at Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Athens.[18][19]

• Budapest
  • Technical University of Budapest (BME) Institute of Nuclear Techniques – University Research Reactor (100 kW)
  • KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (see KFKI Archived 25 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine) – (10 MW VVR-SM Budapest Research Reactor)

• Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay
  • Apsara reactor – Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
  • CIRUS reactor – 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
  • Dhruva reactor – 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
  • Purnima series
• Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) – Kalpakkam
  • PFBR – 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor, under construction. Expected completion 2015.
  • FBTR – 40 MW Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium and uranium) carbide fuel
  • KAMINI –30 kW, uses U-233 fuel

• Bandung – TRIGA Mark II (250 kW installed 1965, 2MW installed 1997)
• Yogyakarta – TRIGA Mark II (100 kW installed 1979)
• Serpong, South Tangerang – SIWABESSY 30MWh Multi-Purpose Reactor (installed 1987)

• Tehran – AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)
• Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China,[20])
  • MNSR – 27 kW Miniature Neutron Source Reactor
  • Light Water Subcritical Reactor (LWSCR)
  • Heavy Water Zero Power Reactor (HWZPR)
  • Graphite Subcritical Reactor (GSCR)
• Arak – IR-40 Heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)

• IRT-5000 5 MW Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied by The Soviet Union.[21])
• Tamuz-1 40 MW thermal tank-pool research reactor(OSIRIS reactor). Destroyed in Operation Scorch Sword and Operation Opera (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[21])
• Tamuz-2 500 KW ISIS neutron modelling module. Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.[21])

Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.[22] [23]

• Negev Nuclear Research Center – EL-102 uranium/heavy water research reactor, originally 24 MW (supplied by France, operational 1962, not under IAEA safeguards)
• Soreq Nuclear Research Center – 5 MW light water research reactor (supplied by USA, operational 1960)

• Brasimone (Bologna) – PEC (Prove Esperimenti Combustibile - Fuel Test Experiments): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - National Atomic Energy Agency - Brasimone Research Center (1972–1987)[24]
• Ispra (Varese) – ISPRA-1 (5 MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1959–1973)[25][26][27][28]
• Ispra (Varese) – ECO (Essai Critique ORGEL, 1 kW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1966–1983)[25][27][29][28]
• Ispra (Varese) – ESSOR (ESSai ORrganique eau lourde, 25MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1967–1983)[25][30][28]
• Legnaro (Padova) - RTS-1: INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - National Institute for Nuclear Physic (1963–1980)[31]
• Milan - L-54 (50 kW): CeSNEF Centro Studi Nucleari "Enrico Fermi" - Politecnico di Milano (1957–1979)[32]
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-1 (zero-power reactor): University of Bologna (1962–1985)[33]
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-2 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1964–1985)
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-3 - Aquilone 11 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1971–1989)
• Pavia – TRIGA LENA (TRIGA Mk.II model, 250 kW): University of Pavia (1965 - operational)[34]
• Palermo - AGN-201 "Costanza" (zero-power reactor): University of Palermo (1960 – operational)[35]
• Saluggia (Vercelli) - AVOGADRO RS-1 ("Swimming Pool" model): FIAT/Montecatini (1959–1971)[36]
• San Piero a Grado (Pisa) – RTS-1 "Galileo Galilei" ("Swimming Pool" model, 5MW): CAMEN Centro Applicazioni Militari Energia Nucleare - Center for Military Applications of Nuclear Energy (1963–1980)[37]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – ROSPO-2 (2 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1975)[38]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TRIGA RC-1 (modified TRIGA Mk.II model, 1MW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1987, reactivated 2010)[39]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RC-4 RITMO (0.01 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1978)[40]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RANA (10 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1981)[41]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TAPIRO (modified Argonne Fast Source Reactor model, 5 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1971–1987, reactivated 2010)[42]

• SLOWPOKE-2 reactor – Kingston, Jamaica

• Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Reactors
  • Tōkai JRR-1 (Japan Research Unit No. 1, shut down)
  • Tōkai JRR-2 (shut down)
  • Tōkai JRR-3
  • Tōkai JRR-4
  • Tōkai JPDR (Japan Power Demonstration Reactor, shut down)
  • Ōarai High-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR)
  • Ōarai JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor)
  • Naka JT-60 fusion reactor
  • Nuclear Safety Research Reactor
  • Fugen (ATR (Advanced Thermal Reactor), shut down)
  • Jōyō (FBR)
  • Monju (FBR)
• Kinki University
  • UTR-KINKI
• Kyoto University
  • KUR
• Musashi Institute of Technology (Tokyo City University)
  • MITRR (TRIGA-II) (shut down 1990)
• Rikkyo University
  • RUR (TRIGA-II) (shut down)
• University of Tokyo
  • Yayoi (shut down)

• Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) – Ar Ramtha
  • Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) – Jordan's first nuclear reactor, 5 MW research reactor, supplied by South Korea, first critical 2015, operational 2016.[43]

• Alatau, Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center
  • VVR-K – 10 MWe reactor
• Kurchatov, National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site
  • IVG-1M – 60 MW reactor
  • RA – zirconium hydride moderated reactor (dismantled)
  • IGR (Impulse Graphite Reactor) – 50 MW reactor

• Salaspils, Nuclear Research Center
  • 5 MWe research reactor (shut down)

• Tajura Nuclear Research Center, REWDRC (see ) – 10 MW research reactor (supplied by the USSR)

• Kuala Lumpur - TRIGA Mark II, Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research (installed 1982)

• Mexico City - TRIGA Mark III, National Institute for Nuclear Research
• Mexico City - National Polytechnic Institute - "Nuclear-Chicago Modelo 9000" subcritical research reactor[44][45]
• Zacatecas - Autonomous University of Zacatecas - Subcritical research reactor[44]

• Rabat - TRIGA (under construction)

• Reactor Institute Delft, part of Delft University of Technology
• Petten nuclear reactor in Petten
• Biologische Agrarische Reactor Nederland, part of Wageningen University, shut down in 1980
• ATHENE nuclear reactor, at the Eindhoven University of Technology, shut down
• KEMA Suspensie Test Reactor, test reactor at KEMA, Arnhem, disassembled 2003

• Yongbyon
  • IRT-2000 - 8 MW (2 MW 1965–1974, 4 MW 1974–1986) heavy-water moderated research reactor (supplied by USSR, 1965)
  • Yongbyon 1 - 5 MWe Magnox reactor, provides power and district heating (active 1987–1994, reactivated 2003, and shut-down in July 2007)

• Kjeller reactors
  • NORA (activated 1961, shut down 1967)
  • JEEP I (activated 1951, shut down 1967)
  • JEEP II (activated 1966, scheduled to temporarily shut down in December 2016, unknown what year it will reopen)[46]
• Halden Reactor
  • HBWR - Halden boiling water reactor (activated 1959)

Under IAEA safeguards

Not under IAEA safeguards

• USS Sturgis - floating nuclear power plant for Panama Canal (operating 1966 to 1976)

• RP-0 - 1 W critical assembly, located in Lima, built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1978.[45]
• RP-10 - 10 MW pool-type material test reactor, located in Huarangal built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1989.[48]

• PRR-1 - 3 MW TRIGA-converted reactor, Quezon City. Managed by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (formerly Philippine Atomic Energy Commission). 1st criticality in August 1963, reactor conversion in March 1984, criticality after conversion in April 1988, shut down since 1988 for pool repairs, on extended shutdown at present.

• Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
• Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
• Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
• Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
• Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
• UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)

• Sacavem - RPI, Portuguese Research Reactor - 1 MW pool type, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear

• Mayagüez - TRIGA reactor (dismantled)
• Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Reactor Facility, BONUS - superheated BWR (decommissioned). Listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

• Institute for Nuclear Research, Mioveni, 110 km northwest of Bucharest - TRIGA reactor (capable consisting of either a 500 kW pulse ACPR core, or a 14 MW steady state core)
• National Institute for Research and Isotopic Separation, Govora, 170 km west of Bucharest - no research reactors, but instead devoted to heavy water production
• National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, Mǎgurele, 5 km southwest of Bucharest - a 2 MW VVR-S research reactor (shut down in April 2002, with decommissioning/dismantling started in 2013)

A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:[49]

• T-15 fusion reactor at Kurchatov Institute
• VVR-M 18 MW reactor at St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics
• IBR-2 2 MW pulsed reactor at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
• SM, Arbus (ACT-1), MIR.M1, RBT-6, RBT-10 / 1, RBT-10 / 2, BOR-60 and VK-50 Research Institute of Atomic Reactors

• Vinca Nuclear Institute, Vinča
  • RA - Reaktor A (1956–2002) - 6.5 MW heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor
  • RB - Reaktor B (1958-...) - At the very beginning the RB reactor was designed and constructed as an unreflected zero power heavy water - natural uranium critical assembly. First criticality was reached in April 1958. Later, the 2% enriched metal uranium fuel and 80% enriched UO₂ fuel were obtained and used in the reactor core. Modifications of the reactor control, safety and dosimetry systems (1960, 1976, 1988) converted the RB critical assembly to a flexible heavy water reflected experimental reactor with 1 W nominal power, operable up to 50 W. Several coupled fast-thermal systems were designed and constructed at RB reactor in the early 1990s, for research in fast reactors physics.

• Ljubljana - 250 kW[50] TRIGA Mark II research reactor (web page link), Jožef Stefan Institute (supplied in 1966 by the United States)

• Pelindaba - Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center near Pretoria 25°48′03″S 27°56′54″E
  • SAFARI-1 20MW open pool reactor

• Aerojet General Nucleonics Model 201 Research reactor
• High-Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor, MAPLE class reactor
• TRIGA General Atomics Mark II (TRIGA-Mark II) Research Reactor (decommissioned)
• TRIGA General Atomics Mark III (TRIGA-Mark III) Research Reactor (decommissioned)

• Argos 10 kW Argonaut reactor - Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona (shut down 1992)
• CORAL-I reactor

• SAPHIR - Pool reactor. First criticality: 30 April 1957. Shut down 1993. Paul Scherrer Institut
• DIORIT - HW cooled and moderated. First criticality: 15 April 1960. Shut down 1977. Paul Scherrer Institut
• Proteus - Null-power reconfigurable reactor (graphite moderator/reflector). Shut down 2012. Paul Scherrer Institut
• Lucens - Prototype power reactor (GCHWR) 30 MWh/6 MWe. Shut down in 1969 after accident. Site decommissioned.
• CROCUS - Null-power light water reactor. In operation. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne

• Miniature neutron source reactor

• Hsinchu - TRIGA, National Tsing Hua University (installed 1958)[51]

• Thai Research Reactor 1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Bangkok - TRIGA Mark III (installed 1962, modified 1975–77)
• TRIGA MPR 10, Ongkharak Nuclear Research Center (under construction)

• TR-1 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
• TR-2 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
• TRIGA MARK II Research Reactor (Istanbul Technical University) Institute of Energy

• Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research
• Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry

• Aldermaston - VIPER - Atomic Weapons Establishment
• Ascot - CONSORT reactor, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus. Began operation in 1965, shut down in 2012, fuel removed in 2014. Fully decommissioned by 2022.[52]
• Billingham - TRIGA Mark I reactor, ICI Physics and Radioisotopes Dept of ICI R&D, Billingham (later to become Tracerco) (installed 1971, shut down 1988)
• Culham - JET fusion reactor
• Derby - Neptune - Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Ltd, Raynesway
• Dounreay
  • The Shore Test Facility (STF) at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine)
  • DSMP1 at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine) (shut down 1984)
  • DMTR (shut down 1969)
  • Dounreay Fast Reactor - Fast breeder reactor (shut down 1977)
  • Prototype Fast Reactor (shut down 1994)
• East Kilbride - Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre (100 kW Argonaut class reactor deactivated 1995, fully dismantled 2003)
• Harwell AERE
  • GLEEP (shut down 1990)
  • BEPO (shut down 1968)
  • LIDO (shut down 1974)
  • DIDO (shut down 1990)
  • PLUTO (shut down 1990)
• London
  • Greenwich - JASON 10 kW Argonaut class reactor (dismantled 1999)
  • Stratford Marsh - Queen Mary College (commissioned 1966, deactivated 1982, (fully dismantled))
• Risley - Universities Research Reactor (shut down 1991 decommissioned-land released 1996)
• Sellafield (named Windscale until 1971)
  • PILE 1 (shut down 1957 after Windscale fire)
  • PILE 2 (shut down 1957)
  • WAGR (shut down 1982)
• Winfrith - Dorchester, Dorset, 9 reactors, shut down 1990
  • Dragon reactor

• Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System
• List of commercial nuclear reactors
• List of nuclear power stations
• List of small modular reactor designs
• Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
• Nuclear power by country

• URR reactor - A small pool-type research reactor placed in Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN). In operation since the early 1970s up until 1997 when it was dismantled and returned to United States[92][93] due to a 1997 law against use of nuclear energy in Uruguay.[94]

• Ulugbek, Tashkent- WWR-SM tank reactor[95]

• RV-1 nuclear reactor - 3MW pool-type reactor at Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) (criticality in 1960, shut down in 1994)

• Da Lat - TRIGA Mark II (supplied by USA 1963, shut down 1975, reactivated by USSR 1984)