List of human stampedes and crushes

This is a list of notable human stampedes and crushes. Many such accidents are also in the list of accidents and disasters by death toll.

India has had the most documented notable human stampedes and crushes with 28 individual incidents. The deadliest human crush of all time, with an estimated 10,000 deaths, occurred during the First Jewish–Roman War in AD 66; the most documented deaths, with 5,000, occurred at the Ponte des Barcas in Portugal in 1809. The deadliest modern incidents both belong to Saudi Arabia during the annual Hajj pilgrimage, with the 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy claiming 1,426 lives and the 2015 Mina stampede claiming 2,400.

Before the 18th century

  • In AD 80, the Roman-Jewish historian Flavius Josephus recorded that in AD 66, near the beginning of the First Jewish–Roman War, a Roman soldier mooned Jewish pilgrims at the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem who had gathered for Passover, and "spake such words as you might expect upon such a posture", causing a riot in which youths threw stones at the soldiers, who then called in reinforcements. The pilgrims panicked, and the ensuing stampede reportedly resulted in the deaths of ten thousand Jews.[1][2]

18th century

  • 11 October 1711: 245 people were killed in a crush on the Guillotière bridge (fr) in Lyon, France, when a large crowd returning from a festival on the other side of the Rhône became trapped against an obstruction in the middle of the bridge caused by a collision between a carriage and a cart.
  • 30 May 1770: At least 133 died when a fireworks display at what is now the Place de la Concorde in Paris, a celebration of the wedding of the future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, set mannequins and other decorations aflame, leading to a panic in which many were trampled and others drowned in the adjacent Seine. Some historians have put the total death toll up to 3,000.[3]

19th century

Estimated Deaths Date Name Nation Place Description
27–34+23 February 18071807 Newgate disasterUnited KingdomNewgate Prison,
London
Dozens of spectators were crushed to death when part of a crowd of around 40,000 witnessing an execution at Newgate Prison surged forward after a wooden cart collapsed.
5,00029 March 1809unnamedPortugalPonte das Barcas
Oporto
Thousands of Portuguese civilians died trying to cross the Ponte das Barcas bridge in a desperate attempt to escape the troops of Marshal Soult who were assaulting Oporto during the Napoleonic Wars. The bridge of twenty barges was not able to sustain the weight of such a large amount of people, and collapsed.[4][5]
11012 February 1823Carnival tragedy of 1823MaltaVallettaAbout 110 boys died in a crush while attempting to leave the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta during the Carnival celebrations.[6]
65 19 February 1849 Theatre Royal disaster United Kingdom Glasgow, Scotland A human crush occurred at the Theatre Royal, Dunlop Street, when audience members rushed to escape the building during a fire.
2016 January 1865UnnamedUnited KingdomDundee, ScotlandA crush occurred during admissions into Bell Street Hall for an upcoming promenade. The main entrance for the music hall was a downward flight of stairs with a set of inward opening gates. When the gates were opened, the force of the crowd pushed those in front down the areaway, which caused a pile-up that ultimately killed 20 people, three-quarters being between the ages of 12 and 18.[7][8]
1910 October 1872unnamedPolandOstrów Wielkopolski19 women and children were killed in a stampede and resulting stairs collapse in a synagogue in Ostrów Wielkopolski during the fast of Yom Kippur. A failure of the gas lighting engulfed a synagogue balcony (apparently, the women's gallery) in darkness, causing panic among the women.[9]
2785 December 1876Brooklyn Theatre fireUnited StatesBrooklyn, New YorkCrushes on gallery and balcony staircases during the Brooklyn Theatre fire delayed the evacuation of the building, a contributing factor in the deaths of at least 278 individuals.[10]
1230 May 1883unnamedUnited StatesBrooklyn Bridge, New York12 people were killed and dozens injured after a woman tripped on the stairway at the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been open for eight days at the time. The crush was exacerbated by fears the bridge was about to collapse.[11]
18316 June 1883Victoria Hall disasterUnited KingdomSunderland, Tyne and Wear183 children aged between 3 and 14 were crushed when over 1,100 children surged down a blocked stairway to collect gifts from the entertainers after the end of a variety show in Sunderland.
4014 October 1883UnnamedRussian EmpireZiwonka, PodoliaFalse shouts of fire in the women's gallery in the synagogue of Ziwonka caused a crush as people rushed towards the exit.[12]
1,38918 May 1896Khodynka TragedyRussian EmpireKhodynka Field, MoscowA crush of those desiring to get presents during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II – 1,300 more were injured.

20th century

Estimated Deaths Date Name Nation Place Description
11519 September 1902Shiloh Baptist Church stampedeUnited StatesBirmingham, AlabamaThe stampede claimed the lives of people attending a convention featuring Booker T. Washington, following a false fire alarm.
60230 December 1903Iroquois Theatre fireUnited StatesChicago, IllinoisMany people died of crush asphyxiation in the rush to escape.
1611 January 1908Barnsley Public Hall DisasterUnited KingdomBarnsley, South YorkshireThe 16 who died were children.
1754 March 1908Collinwood school fireUnited StatesCollinwood, OhioOne rescue worker, two teachers, and 172 children between the ages of five and fifteen were killed. Most of the children were killed in a stairwell when some were trying to escape down the stairs while others, who had found escape impossible that way, were trying to flee up the stairs.
7324 December 1913Italian Hall disasterUnited StatesCalumet, MichiganPeople were crushed to death, and the event is considered the source for the often-cited legal limit of protected speech, i.e., that one may not falsely shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater.
60-70 11 March 1918 Bolivar crowd crush France Bolivar station, Paris, France Following a bomb attack during World War I, Parisians tried to enter the station, but the gates down the stairs only opened to the outside. The first rows of the crowd were crushed or suffocated by those behind them. Between sixty and seventy people died in this crush.[13][14]
7131 December 1929Glen Cinema disasterUnited KingdomPaisley, RenfrewshireThe Glen Cinema disaster was caused by a smoking film canister in the cinema. The resulting panic and crush killed 69 children and injured 40; the final death toll was 71.
768 January 1934Kyoto Railroad Station TragedyJapanKyōto StationA crowd of about 10,000 saying farewell to 750 recruits of the Imperial Japanese Navy collapsed at the bottom of a stairway from a viaduct leading over the tracks down to the platform. The number far exceeded the station's capacity.[15]
35423 October 1942unnamedItalyGenoaPeople were killed by stampede during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in WWII as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel in use as an air-raid shelter. Rushing down the 150 steps leading underground into the shelter, people fell on top of one another in a crush, accounting for the extremely heavy toll of the stampede.[16]
1733 March 1943Bethnal Green tube station disasterUnited KingdomLondonPeople were entering the station during an air-raid alert, and a woman holding a child lost her footing and fell down the stairs, leading to the crowd falling around her in a crush.
1686 July 1944Hartford circus fireUnited StatesHartford, ConnecticutA fire broke out at a performance of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, killing between 167 and 169 people. Many died after being trampled by other spectators, with some asphyxiating underneath the piles of people who fell over each other. Most of the dead were found in piles, some three bodies deep, at the most congested exits. A small number of people were found alive at the bottoms of these piles, protected by the bodies on top of them when the burning big top ultimately fell down.
339 March 1946Burnden Park disasterUnited KingdomBoltonAt an FA Cup Quarter-final, people were killed when the collapse of two crash barriers in an overcrowded stand led to the crowd falling forward upon each other.
539 April 1952unnamedVenezuelaCaracas50 people were trampled to death when a "terrorist"[17] or a group of thieves[18] shouted "Fire!" in the Santa Teresa church. 40 people were arrested in connection with the stampede.[17][19] Two men who were arrested on the day of the stampede were released. Police chief Aníbal Rojas said that the stampede started when an elderly devotee brushed against the veil which was holding candles in head, making a small fire, the small flare made someone believe that a fire spread and gave the alarm.[20]
1099 March 1953Stalin funeral stampedeRussia, USSRMoscowA stampede in Trubnaya Square in Moscow during the state funeral of Joseph Stalin.[21]
500–8003 February 19541954 Kumbh Mela stampedeIndiaKumbh Mela, AllahabadA surging crowd broke through the barriers separating them from a procession of sadhus and holy men of various akharas, resulting in a stampede.
1241 January 1956unnamedJapanYahikoPeople were killed during the New Year panic and stampede at the Yahiko Shinto shrine in central Niigata.[22]
32824 May 1964Estadio Nacional disasterPeruEstadio Nacional de LimaIn the worst disaster in association football history home fans disputing a referee's decision began a pitch invasion and the Peruvian police fired tear gas canisters into one of the grandstands to prevent further fans from invading the field of play, causing panic so that departing spectators moved down the enclosed stairways, pressing those in the lead against solid corrugated steel shutters at the bottom of tunnels, which were closed. The shutters finally burst outward from pressure of the crush of bodies inside. All of those that died were killed in the jammed stairwells, most from internal haemorrhaging by crushing pressure, or by asphyxia. An additional 500 people were injured, many critically.[23]
7123 June 1968Puerta 12 TragedyArgentinaEl Monumental Stadium, Buenos AiresFans were caught in a crush at the bottom of the stairs leaving through Gate 12 (Puerta 12 in Spanish). The exact cause for this crowd collapse is not known for certain, though rival fans might have been throwing burning paper, causing an escape panic. Other accounts say that the gate was closed, either by police or by other fans, intentionally or unintentionally. Still others argue that it was a simple matter of too many fans going through a gate that was narrower than the staircase leading to it. The Puerta 12 Tragedy remains the deadliest sports-related event in Argentine history.
662 January 1971Second Ibrox DisasterUnited KingdomIbrox Stadium, GlasgowPeople were killed when the collapse of stairway barriers occurred after someone fell as fans were leaving the stadium, leading to a crush. The tragedy included many children who died, and most of the deaths were caused by compressive asphyxia, with bodies being stacked up to six feet deep in the area. More than 200 others were injured.
113 December 19791979 The Who concert disasterUnited StatesRiverfront Coliseum, CincinnatiPeople were killed during a crush at a concert by The Who. The incident led to a reduced use of festival seating at U.S. venues.
79 July 1980UnnamedBrazilFortaleza, CearáOn the 10th day of Pope John Paul II's visit to Brazil, in an effort to get good seats, the crowd at the Castelao Stadium broke down an unguarded gate and trampled those killed in the rush.[24][25]
218 February 1981Karaiskakis Stadium disasterGreeceKaraiskakis Stadium, PiraeusWhile some fans were exiting the stadium, some lost their balance and fell on the last steps; soon dozens fell onto each other and were stepped over by a horde of unsuspecting fans who kept coming. 19 people died at the scene, while two more died of their wounds in hospital. At least 55 were wounded.
6620 October 1982Luzhniki disasterRussia, USSRLuzhniki Stadium, MoscowA crush began after a person fell and a dense moving crowd, their direction limited by metal banisters, pushed over the fallen, crushing them. Others stumbled over the bodies in a domino effect creating a large chain-reaction pile-up of people.[26]
3929 May 1985Heysel Stadium disasterBelgiumHeysel Stadium, BrusselsA crush occurred by a collapsing wall when fans escaping a confrontation between competing fan groups were pressed against it in the stadium before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final. 600 were injured, and the disaster was later described as "the darkest hour in the history of the UEFA competitions".[27]
2826 December 1987unknownChinaChengguan Primary School, Shanyang CountyIn the Chengguan Primary School, at around 7 a.m., children rushed out of their classrooms after a bell called all pupils to attend a weekly school assembly on the sports field. One metal door at one end of the building was locked, causing the children from all 18 classes to rush down an unlighted stairwell to the only other exit, and some in the front fell over; within minutes, four children were dead and 100 more were injured; more died in the hospitals, raising the death toll to 28, while 60 remained hospitalized, eight seriously injured.[28][29]
9313 March 1988Kathmandu Stadium disasterNepalDasarath Rangasala StadiumWhen fans at Nepal's national football stadium stampeded for the exits during a hailstorm, they surged towards the only cover (the west stand). The crowd was beaten back by police, but when they returned to the south terrace, a crush developed in a tunnel exit through the terrace and could not escape because the stadium doors were locked, causing a fatal crush at the front of the crowd. 100 more were injured.
220 August 1988unnamedUnited KingdomDonington ParkFans died during a Guns N' Roses concert at a Monsters of Rock festival where they were crushed to death after a 50-person crowd collapse following a surge, 15 yards from the stage. Rolling Stone reported the band members said they stopped playing several times to try to calm fans.[30] Upon exiting the stage, Axl Rose shouted to fans to have a good day and "... don't kill yourselves," but was unaware of the deaths at the time.[30] The head of concert security, present at the scene, wrote a presentation paper about the event for a seminar on mass crowd events.[31]
9715 April 1989Hillsborough disasterUnited KingdomHillsborough Stadium, SheffieldIn one of the world's worst football disasters, 766 people were injured, in addition to the people who died. The intensity of the crush broke the crush barriers on the terraces, while those trapped were packed so tightly in the pens that many victims died of compressive asphyxia while still standing. The 1990 official inquiry concluded that the primary cause was the failure of police control, as too many people were let into the stadium. A 2012 reinvestigation concluded that crowd safety was compromised at every level by lack of police control.
1,4262 July 19901990 Mecca tunnel tragedySaudi ArabiaMina, MeccaA blockage at an exit of a pedestrian tunnel (Al-Ma'aisim tunnel) leading out from Mecca towards Mina, Saudi Arabia and the Plains of Arafat led to deaths by suffocation of many religious pilgrims while they were traveling to perform the Stoning of the Devil ritual during the Hajj.
4013 January 1991Orkney Stadium DisasterSouth AfricaOppenheimer Stadium, OrkneyPeople were killed at a football match attended by about 30,000 fans in a stadium with a capacity for 23,000. When brawls broke out, people panicked, and trying to escape, were crushed against riot-control fences in the melee.
324 January 1991AC/DC crowd crushUnited StatesSalt Palace (arena), Salt Lake City3 people were killed at an AC/DC concert attended by 13,294 fans in an arena, with 4,400 of those had “festival style seating.”[32] Two 14-year-old boys and a 19-year-old woman were crushed to death as the crowd surged toward the stage as the band played "Thunderstruck."[33]
4213 February 1991unnamedMexicoChalma sanctuaryBeyond those who died, an additional 55 religious pilgrims were injured after being overwhelmed by a crowd trying to enter the atrium of the sanctuary church to receive the divine signal from the ashes. The crowd pushed on for access to the atrium, with most of the dead and injured being trampled.[34]
10524 September 19911991 Taiyuan Illumination show stampede (Chinese)ChinaJikong Bridge, Shanxi ProvinceIn a major festival in Taiyuan, China, large crowds of unknown size arrived in Yingze Park to see lanterns at a light festival. Crowds moving in opposite directions were crossing a poorly lit bridge. Some fell into the water and were drowned; others were killed in the crowd collapse and crush on the west side of the bridge. In all, 105 people were killed and 108 more were injured.[35][36]
928 December 1991unnamedUnited StatesCity College New YorkAt an oversold charity basketball game featuring rap stars, nine people were killed and 29 others injured while entering an overcrowded gymnasium while funneling through a small stairwell area.[37]
211 January 1993Lan Kwai Fong TragedyBritish Hong KongLan Kwai FongPeople were killed and 67 injured as a crowd of 15,000 to 20,000 revellers celebrated New Year's Eve in the Hong Kong night-club district, controlled by 118 police officers. The victims were mostly teenagers and young people in their 20s. The Independent reported witnesses as saying it was impossible to distinguish between the yelps of the partying crowd and the victims' agonized screams.[38][39][40]
030 October 1993The Camp Randall CrushUnited StatesCamp Randall Stadium, Madison, Wisconsin73 student fans were injured by a crowd crush, six critically, when students charged the field in celebration after Wisconsin Badgers football game.
27023 May 19941994 Hajj stampedeSaudi ArabiaJamarat Bridge, MeccaReligious pilgrims were killed and injured during a stampede at the stoning of the Devil ritual.
11323 November 19941994 Gowari stampedeIndiaNagpur, MaharashtraGowari people in a political protest, mostly women and children, perished in a stampede triggered by the cane-wielding police who attempted to prevent the estimated crowd of 40,000 from pressing towards the Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur. 500 more people were injured.
3 18 July 1995 Arad Festival disaster Israel Arad In a music festival a large crowd was pushed against a gate, causing it to collapse, killing 2 people instantly and injuring another who later died of her injuries.[41]
8316 October 1996The 16 October disasterGuatemalaEstadio Mateo Flores, Guatemala CityIn addition to those who died, 147 more people were injured on the steep stadium stairway prior to the World Cup qualifying match. The crowd was estimated at 50,000 in the stadium designed to seat 37,500.
0*1 January 1997Hogmanay New Year CelebrationScotlandEdinburghA densely packed crowd of 350,000 gathered in Edinburgh for the annual celebration. Barriers and railings were bent down by crowd pressure. Thirty-four suffered crush and trample injuries, and one was treated for asphyxia. *This event is notable due to the number of crowd injuries and the size of the crowd.[42]
1189 April 1998unnamedSaudi ArabiaJamarat Bridge, MeccaHajj pilgrims were trampled to death, 180 more injured in an incident on Jamarat Bridge.[43]
5314 January 19991999 Sabarimala stampedeIndiaSabarimala shrine, KeralaWhen a landslide caused a cave-in at a temple during a Hindu pilgrimage on the day of Makara Jyothi, panic ensued and 200,000 male devotees stampeded as the hill upon which they stood collapsed into the temple. The BBC reported that "Some of the dead were buried in the collapse, but most died in a stampede to avoid the landslide."[44]
5330 May 1999Nyamiha disasterBelarusNemiga metro station, MinskA sudden thunderstorm caused a number of young people to race for nearby shelter during an open-air concert. The stampede was funneled toward the underpass of the metro station and many people were killed in the crush when they started slipping on the wet pavement, falling and trampling each other.
64 December 1999"Air & Style" crowd crushAustriaBergisel stadium in Innsbruck"Severe crowd accumulation" at one exit went unrecognized. Darkness, a steep slope and a slippery surface were contributing factors, but "panic did not occur at any time." Six were killed, four were left in a vegetative state, and 38 were injured.[45]
930 June 2000Roskilde Festival disasterDenmarkRoskildeNine people were crushed after falling as the crowd rushed the stage. Another 26 people were injured, 3 of them seriously.
129 July 2000UnnamedZimbabweNational Sports Stadium, HarareTwelve spectators at a World Cup qualifier died trying to leave the stadium after police fired tear gas to control the crowd.[46]

21st century

Deaths Date Name Nation Place Description
355 March 2001UnnamedSaudi ArabiaMina35 Hajj pilgrims were trampled to death in a stampede during the Stoning of the Devil ritual in Mina, Saudi Arabia.[47]
4311 April 2001Ellis Park Stadium disasterSouth AfricaJohannesburg43 people were crushed in the Ellis Park Stadium disaster in Johannesburg, South Africa.
1279 May 2001Accra Sports Stadium disasterGhanaAccra Sports Stadium127 killed at a football match between Kumasi Asante Kotoko and Accra Hearts of Oak in Accra Sports Stadium, Ghana after police fired tear gas at rioters.[48]
1121 July 2001Akashi crowd crushJapanAkashi, Hyōgo11 people killed and 247 injured by a crowd crush after a fireworks show in Akashi, Hyōgo.[49]
721 December 2001UnnamedBulgariaSofia7 children, aged 10 to 14, were crushed to death on the stairway leading to the entrance of a discothèque in Sofia, Bulgaria.[50]
1411 February 2003UnnamedSaudi ArabiaMinaThe Stoning of the Devil ritual claimed 14 pilgrims' lives.[51]
2117 February 20032003 E2 nightclub stampedeUnited StatesChicago, Illinois21 people were killed in the stairway exit to E2, a nightclub in Chicago, Illinois, after a pepper spray was used on an upper-story dance floor.
10020 February 2003The Station nightclub fireUnited StatesWest Warwick, Rhode Island100 killed in The Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island, many of them trampled.
2511 February 20042004 Hajj stampedeSaudi ArabiaMina251 people were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the Stoning of the Devil.
375 February 20042004 Miyun stampedeChinaMiyun County, BeijingAt least 37 people were killed and 15 were injured when a crowd stampeded during Lantern Festival in Mihong Park, Miyun County, Beijing, China.[52]
2112 April 2004Saree StampedeIndiaLucknowAt least 21 women were killed in a stampede after people rushed to collect free sarees in Lucknow, India. Referred to as Saree Stampede.[53]
31 September 2004UnnamedSaudi ArabiaJeddahThree died in a Saudi IKEA shop stampede.[54]
29125 January 2005Mandher Devi temple stampedeIndiaMaharashtra291 people were killed as Hindu pilgrims stampeded near Mandhradevi temple in Maharashtra, India.
725 March 2005UnnamedIranTehran7 people killed in a stampede after Iran-Japan match (2006 FIFA World Cup qualification) when leaving Azadi Stadium, Tehran, Iran.[55]
95331 August 2005Baghdad bridge stampedeIraqBaghdadAt least 953 people were killed in the Baghdad bridge stampede.[56]
4218 December 20052005 December Chennai stampedeIndiaChennai42 people were killed as flood relief supplies were handed out to homeless refugees in southern India.[57]
34512 January 20062006 Hajj stampedeSaudi ArabiaMina345 were killed at Jamarat Bridge in Mecca during the stoning of the devil.
34 February 2006UnnamedBrazilSão Paulo3 people were killed during a stampede at an overcrowded concert by Mexican group RBD in São Paulo, Brazil. The concert took place at a supermarket parking lot.[58]
784 February 2006PhilSports Arena StampedePhilippinesMetro Manila78 people were killed in the PhilSports Arena stampede in the Philippines. The place was the location of the first anniversary of ABS-CBN's Wowowee.
5112 September 2006UnnamedYemenIbb Governorate51 were killed and more than 200 injured at a stampede in Ibb Governorate, Yemen.[59]
122 June 2007UnnamedZambiaChililabombwe12 people were killed during a stampede at the end of a football game between Zambia and Republic of Congo in Chililabombwe, Zambia.[60]
143 October 2007UnnamedIndiaMughalsaraiAt least 14 women were crushed to death at a train station in northern India.[61]
65 October 2007UnnamedNorth KoreaSunchonAfter a crowd of 15,000 watched a public execution in a stadium in Sunchon, North Korea, 6 people were crushed to death and 34 injured.[62]
311 November 2007UnnamedChinaChongqing3 people were killed and more than 30 injured at the Supermarket Carrefour in Chongqing, China when the shop was offering 20% discounts on cooking oil.[63]
119 February 2008Tragedi AACC (AACC Tragedy), Sabtu Kelabu (Dark Saturday)IndonesiaBandung11 people were killed at the launching album concert of a Bandung metal band, Beside.[64]
927 March 2008UnnamedIndiaAshok Nagar, Madhya Pradesh9 people were killed and more than a dozen people were injured at an Indian temple crush during a pilgrimage.[65]
1220 June 2008New's Divine nightclub tragedyMexicoMexico CityAt least 12 people were killed and 13 injured at a Mexico City nightclub stampede during a police raid.[66]
1423 August 2008Naina Devi stampedeIndiaHimachal PradeshAt least 142 people were killed and 47 injured in a stampede at the Naina Devi temple in Himachal Pradesh in mountainous northern India after a rain shelter collapsed, which worshipers mistakenly took to be a landslide.
1114 September 2008UnnamedDRCButemboAt least 11 people were killed when a riot was dispersed by tear gas during a football match in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo.[67]
22430 September 20082008 Jodhpur stampedeIndiaJodhpur224 people were killed and 425 were injured during the Jodhpur stampede at the Chamunda Devi temple in Jodhpur, India. The tragedy was caused by a rumor that a bomb was planted in the temple complex.[68] Local authorities, however, blamed steep, slippery slopes leading to the temple.[69]
202 October 2008UnnamedTanzaniaTaboraAbout 20 children died in a stampede in an overcrowded children's dance hall in Tanzania.[70]
128 November 2008UnnamedUnited StatesLong IslandA worker died at a Long Island Wal-Mart after being trampled in a Black Friday Wal-Mart Stampede.[71]
1929 March 2009Houphouët-Boigny Arena stampedeCôte d'IvoireAbidjan19 people were killed and 130 injured in the Houphouët-Boigny Arena stampede at a football stadium in Côte d'Ivoire as fans tried to squeeze into the stadium for a World Cup qualifier.[72]
59 September 2009UnnamedIndiaDelhiFive students were killed and 33 injured, all adolescent girls, at a Government Secondary School in Delhi, India. Students had arrived at school in pouring rain, and a panic was triggered by a rumor that accumulated rainwater had become electrically charged. A crush occurred on a stairway when opposing traffic overwhelmed the capacity of the stairway.[73]
015 November 20092009 Millennium Point stampedeUnited KingdomBirminghamWhile there were no fatalities, approximately 60 people suffered injuries in the 2009 Millennium Point stampede when a crowd of over 20,000 turned up (only 5,000 had been planned for) at an outdoor area near the Millennium Point complex in Birmingham, UK. As attendees attempted to get closer to the stage, a surge forward resulted in the collapse of crowd control barriers, with some concert-goers trapped beneath them. The remainder of the event was cancelled in the interest of public safety.
88 December 2009UnnamedChinaXiangxiang city, HunanSeven boys and one girl aged between 11 and 14 years old were killed and 26 injured in result of a crush in Yucai Middle School in China. Fifty-two evening classes were dismissed at the same time, and the crush occurred when most of the students tried to exit down the same stairwell. It was raining outside, and that particular stairwell was closest to the dormitories.[74]
714 March 2010Pratapgarh stampedeIndiaKunda Pratapgarh, Uttar PradeshAt least 71 were killed and over 200 injured at Ram Janki Temple, in Kunda Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, in a stampede after the gates of the temple collapsed.
04 May 2010UnnamedNetherlandsAmsterdam63 people were injured when a panic-driven stampede broke out during the Remembrance of the Dead ceremony on Dam Square, Amsterdam.[75]
06 June 2010UnnamedSouth AfricaTembisa, Johannesburg14 people were injured when fans rushed to get inside Makhulong Stadium after free tickets were given out to a friendly soccer match between Nigeria and North Korea.[76]
2124 July 2010Love Parade disasterGermanyDuisburg21 people were killed and more than 500 were injured during crowd turbulences at the Love Parade in Duisburg, Germany.[77]
34722 November 2010Phnom Penh stampedeCambodiaPhnom PenhA stampede during a water festival near Cambodia's royal palace in Phnom Penh killed at least 347 people.
10215 January 20112011 Sabarimala stampedeIndiaKerala102 people died and 100 were injured during a stampede near Sabarimala temple in Kerala, India.
315 January 2011UnnamedHungaryBudapest3 women died and 14 people were injured in a crush at the severely overcrowded West Balkans discothèque in Budapest, Hungary. Police found no evidence of violence, or threat of violence, and said there was no panic in the crowd. The three women died of suffocation, and none bore signs of violence, though one had amphetamine in her blood, which police said might have delayed her realization of the severity of the emergency. Approximately 2,500 patrons were in a club with certified capacity of 307. A total of 2,881 tickets had been sold for the event, and 4,000 had been printed. Five people were arrested, including the event promoters and the club owners. All were released, and a sixth person was arrested within two weeks, when the club was closed permanently. The three deaths were ruled to be the result of "human irresponsibility".[78][79][80]
1212 February 2011UnnamedNigeriaPort HarcourtAt least 12 people were killed in a crush trying to leave a PDP political rally in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, after guards at the event did not open a larger gate, and shot into the air to try to disperse the crowds.[81][82]
219 October 2011UnnamedUnited KingdomNorthampton2 People killed in nightclub exit crush at Lava Ignite Northampton after public-address system announcements that people would miss their return coaches unless they left immediately. Overcrowding and a fire alarm contributed to a crush on the stairs. The company responsible for the venue Luminar Leisure entered administration shortly after.[83]
168 November 2011UnnamedIndiaHaridwar16 people were killed at Haridwar, India during a religious ceremony on the banks of Ganges river.[84]
222 November 2011UnnamedIndonesiaJakartaDuring a sold-out soccer final for the Southeast Asian Games at Gelora Bung Karno stadium, fans without tickets waiting outside rushed in when a gate was temporarily opened[85]
110 January 2012UnnamedSouth AfricaJohannesburgOne person died and twenty were injured in a crush at the front gates of the University of Johannesburg after they had begun processing application for their remaining university slots.[86]
741 February 2012Port Said Stadium riotEgyptPort SaidIn the Port Said Stadium, Al Masry fans attack Al-Ahly fans, caused a stampede with an outcome of 74 dead and 200 injured.[87]
318 March 2012UnnamedEgyptCairoThousands of mourners gathered in Cathedral Square in the Abbassiya section of Cairo, Egypt, to view the body of Coptic Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, forming a one km long queue.[88] Three were killed and 137 injured in a crush. Viewing was cut short and the cathedral was closed to the public as a result of the incident.[89] More than two million were expected to converge on Abbassiya for the funeral, which would be held several days later.[90]
51 November 2012Tragedia en el Pabellón Madrid ArenaSpainMadrid5 girls died in a panic-driven stampede during a Halloween party at a municipal arena of the city of Madrid, Spain.[91]
1819 November 2012UnnamedIndiaPatna, BiharA stampede occurred during Chhath Puja at the Adalat Ganj area ghat in Patna. At least 20 more were also injured, several critically. While it was originally believed that a collapsed bamboo bridge was the cause, later investigations determined that electricity being cut to the ghat was what led to panic.[92][93]
601 January 20132013 Houphouët-Boigny stampedeCôte d'IvoireAbidjan60 people were killed, including 26 children, and more than 200 injured in a stampede at the Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny during a New Year's fireworks celebration in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.[94]
101 January 2013UnnamedAngolaLuanda10 people were killed and 120 injured in Luanda, Angola, as they tried to enter the overcrowded Estádio da Cidadela for a New Year's Eve vigil.[95]
24227 January 2013Kiss nightclub fireBrazilSanta MariaAt least 242 people were killed and 168 injured as a result of a nightclub fire in the city of Santa Maria, south region of Brazil. According to local authorities the fire began on stage after members of the band flared a pyrotechnic device that ignited flammable acoustic foam in the ceiling. Other reasons for the high death toll included the lack of emergency exits and the excessive number of people present.[96]
3610 February 20132013 Kumbh Mela stampedeIndiaAllahabadDuring the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela, a stampede broke out at the train station in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 36 people and injuring 39.[97]
419 May 2013UnnamedNigeriaLagos4 people were killed, and at least 13 people were injured, during a stampede of churchgoers trying to get free holy water that was being distributed at the Synagogue, Church of All Nations in Lagos, Nigeria.[98]
1714 July 2013UnnamedIndonesiaNabire, Papua17 spectators were killed escaping the Kota Lama Sport Stadium when a riot broke after a local boxing competitor lost.[99]
11513 October 20132013 Madhya Pradesh stampedeIndiaMadhya PradeshDuring the Hindu festival Navratri, a stampede broke out near the Ratangarh Mata Temple in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh, India, killing 115 people and injuring more than 100.[100]
282 November 2013UnnamedNigeriaUke, Anambra stateShortly after a vigil at the Holy Ghost Adoration Center, Uke in Anambra, Nigeria, at least 28 people were killed, and 200 injured in a crush on one of the narrow roads leading out of the town, though the center was over capacity.[101][102][103]
145 January 2014UnnamedChinaXiji County, Ningxia14 people were killed in a stampede at the Beida Mosque in Xiji County of Ningxia, China, due to mismanagement of crowds at the commemoration of a late religious figure.[104]
1818 January 20142014 Mumbai stampedeIndiaMumbai18 people were killed, and at least 40 more were injured, when crowds coming to mourn Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin became trapped against a gate at his residence.[105]
2415 March 20142014 Nigeria Immigration Recruitment TragedyNigeriaVariousBetween 16 and 24 recruits were killed and more than 119 were injured at several stadiums and other venues across Nigeria when 520,000 applicants were invited to take the aptitude test and physical exercises in order to get one of 4,556 available positions with the Nigerian Immigration Service. As many as one million might have shown up for the event at one of its 37 sites. In many cases, security forces fired their rifles into the air for crowd control, which triggered deadly panics. In at least one location the release of teargas had the same effect. In several locations there was no effective queuing, and all candidates had to enter the stadium through a single door.[106][107]
1425 April 2014UnnamedDRCKikwitDuring a memorial concert for King Kester Emeneya, at least 14 people died when power was lost to the stadium and a crush formed at the exit.[108]
1511 May 20142014 Stade Tata Raphaël disasterDRCKinshasaAt least 15 people died at a soccer match between TP Mazembe and Vita Club when police fired a tear gas canister in order to control the crowds.[109]
3429 July 2014UnnamedGuineaRatoma, ConakryAt least 34 people were killed at the end of a rap concert after the attendees tried to leave the venue through a small gate.[110][111]
323 October 20142014 Patna stampedeIndiaPatnaAt least 32 people were killed and 26 injured in a stampede shortly after the Dasehra celebrations at the Gandhi Maidan, Patna, India.[112]
710 October 20142014 Multan stampedePakistanMultan DistrictAt least seven people died and 40 were injured as a result of a stampede at Qasim Bagh Stadium in Multan, Pakistan after the speech of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf chairman, Imran Khan. The opposition leader alleged that only two gates of the venue were opened at the end of the rally and the lights were also switched off, but this was later denied by the DCO and local authorities.[113]
1121 November 2014Kwekwe stadium stampedeZimbabweKwekwe11 people died and 40 people were injured after a stampede in a stadium in Kwekwe, Zimbabwe.[114]
3631 December 20142014 Shanghai stampedeChinaShanghai36 people died and 42 people were injured after a stampede during New Year's celebrations at The Bund, in Shanghai, China.[115][116]
288 February 201530 June Stadium stampedeEgyptCairo28 people died after a stampede that occurred at a football game in Cairo, Egypt.[117][118]
1617 February 20152015 Haiti Carnival stampedeHaitiPort-au-PrinceMore than 16 people died after a stampede occurred during the Shrove Tuesday festival in Port-au-Prince, Haiti after a man was shocked by high-voltage wires.
239 July 2015UnnamedBangladeshMymensinghAt least 23 people were killed and 50 injured following a stampede at a free clothing drive in the northern Bangladeshi city of Mymensingh.[119][120]
2714 July 2015UnnamedIndiaGodavari River, Andhra PradeshAt least 27 pilgrims died in a stampede on the banks of the Godavari River in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The Hindu pilgrims had gathered to take a dip in the river at the start of the Maha Pushkaralu festival.[121]
1110 August 2015UnnamedIndiaJarkhand11 people died and at least 50 more were injured when people rushing the queue crushed those who fell and were asleep, at the Baidyanath Temple in Jharkhand, India.[122][123]
2,400+24 September 20152015 Mina stampedeSaudi ArabiaMinaAt least 769 Muslim pilgrims were killed in Mina, Saudi Arabia in an overcrowding incident during the Hajj pilgrimage. A further 934 were injured. The overall number of pilgrims is around 2 million according to the Saudi authorities, which is far less than the number of pilgrims in previous years (Haj / Pilgrim quotas of all countries were reduced due to ongoing construction work at the main Masjid Al-Haraam).[124]
314 October 2015UnnamedPolandBydgoszczA stampede during a party at the local university resulted in three deaths and over a dozen injuries in Bydgoszcz, Poland.[125]
1225 October 2015UnnamedAfghanistanTaloqanTwelve girls aged ten to fifteen were killed and another 42 were injured in a crush on a stairway while trying to escape their school building in Taloqan, Afghanistan during a major earthquake.[126][127]
015 November 2015UnnamedMaltaPacevilleWhile there were no fatalities, 74 people were injured, 2 of them critically, when a glass stairwell railing collapsed during a stampede out of the +1 Club in Paceville, Malta.[128]
3002 October 20162016 Ethiopian protestsEthiopiaVarious52 to 300 people were killed during the annual thanksgiving festival of the Oromo people in Ethiopia after police confronted protesters during the 2016 Ethiopian protests, resulting in a human stampede.[129] The opposition political party in Ethiopia, Oromo Federalist Congress, claims the number of people confirmed dead was 678. While the government claims only tear gas and rubber bullets were fired by security forces on the ground as well as from the helicopter, eyewitness as well as some videos allegedly from the scene show security forces firing what seemed to be live rounds of ammunition.
2415 October 2016UnnamedIndiaVaranasiAt least 24 people were killed near the Rajghat Bridge when many times the expected number of people were heading towards a religious retreat, causing a crush, and later a stampede due to rumors that the bridge had collapsed.[130][131]
614 January 2017UnnamedIndiaSagar IslandSix people died while trying to board vessels to Kolkata, ahead of high tide, after a religious festival on the island of Sagar.[132][133]
1710 February 2017UnnamedAngolaUígeAt least 17 people were killed, and at least 61 others injured, during a stampede in Uíge's Estádio 4 de Janeiro ahead of the opening match of the new Angola football season while trying to enter the stadium before a match between Santa Rita de Cássia FC and Recreativo do Libolo.[134]
86 March 2017UnnamedZambiaLusakaAt least eight people were killed while 28 others were injured during a stampede over food aid, held by a church group in Zambia's capital, Lusaka.[135]
211 March 2017UnnamedArgentinaOlavarríaTwo people were killed and a dozen more injured during an overcrowded concert in Olavarría, Argentina.[136]
222 March 2017UnnamedChinaPuyangTwo children died and 20 more were injured in a stampede during a passing period at a primary school in Puyang of Henan Province, China.[137]
40 2 June 2017 Resorts World Manila attack Philippines Pasay, Metro Manila 40 people dies as a result of a crush during the evacuation of the Resorts World Manila after a gunman stormed in and set fire to casino tables and slot machine chairs.[138]
33 June 20172017 Turin stampedeItalyTurinThree person were killed and more than 1,500 others were injured when panic erupted during a screening of the UEFA Champions League Final in Turin, Italy.[139]
86 July 2017UnnamedMalawiLinongweAt least eight people were killed, seven of whom were children and at least another 40 persons injured, during a stampede at the Bingu National Stadium in Malawi's capital city Lilongwe during the nation's independence day celebrations while trying to enter the stadium before a match between Nyasa Big Bullets and Silver Strikers F.C.[140][141]
815 July 2017UnnamedSenegalDakarEight people were killed, and 60 were seriously injured in a stadium crush when a wall collapsed at Demba Diop stadium in the capital Dakar as police fired tear gas at both sets of fans after a League Cup final game between US Ouakam and Stade de Mbour.[142][143]
229 July 2017UnnamedSouth AfricaNasrec, JohannesburgTwo people were killed, and 17 were injured in a stadium crush while trying to enter the FNB Stadium before a match between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates.[144]
316 September 2017UnnamedBangladeshCox's BazarThree Rohingya died trying to collect clothing and food aid at a refugee camp near Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.[145]
2229 September 2017UnnamedIndiaMumbaiAt least 22 people were killed and hundreds were injured in a stampede that broke out following heavy rains in a footbridge between Parel and Elphinstone road stations in Mumbai, India.[146]
030 September 2017UnnamedFranceAmiensAt least 25 French football fans were injured, four of them seriously, when a barrier collapsed during a match involving home team Amiens SC against Lille OSC at the Stade de la Licorne. The incident occurred around a section housing the away Lille OSC fans.[147]
34 November 2017UnnamedIndiaSimariaThree women died, and at least 10 other people were injured, on the banks of the Ganges in Simaria Ghat of Begusarai, Bihar during Kartik Purnima.[148]
1519 November 2017UnnamedMoroccoSidi BoulaalamFifteen women were killed and forty women injured after breaking down barriers during a food-aid distribution in Sidi Boulaalam, Morocco.[149][150]
024 November 2017Oxford Circus panicUnited KingdomLondon16 people were injured after a false report of gunfire led to a mass panic in Oxford Circus tube station and surrounding streets
1018 December 2017UnnamedBangladeshChittagongAt least ten people were killed and 50 more injured during the qul khawani of the former Chittagong mayor A.B.M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury when people tried to rush down a sloped gateway into the Rima Community Center.[151]
110 January 2018UnnamedIndiaRohtas district One person died and at least 4 were injured in Rohtas, Bihar, India during an army recruitment drive when the crowd waiting rushed through the gates to get inside.[152]
112 May 2018UnnamedSierra LeoneFreetownOne person is killed and 20 more are injured during the Sierra Leone presidential inauguration of Julius Maada Bio when a group of spectators trying to enter the venue through the wrong passage were forced back by police, causing the stampede.[153]
1014 May 2018UnnamedBangladeshChittagongAt least ten people died and a further 50 were injured in a stampede while collecting alms before Ramadan in Chittagong, Bangladesh.[154]
027 May 2018UnnamedIndiaBihar SharifAt least 58 people are injured in the Bihar Sharif train station after an apparent earthquake caused panic among the passengers.[155]
1916 June 2018El Paraíso stampedeVenezuelaCaracasNineteen people are killed in Caracas, Venezuela following the El Paraíso stampede after a tear gas canister is detonated in a crowded club.[156]
28 August 2018UnnamedIndiaChennaiAt least two people were killed, and 41 more injured, while entering the lying in state of former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Muthuvel Karunanidhi at the Rajaji Hall in Chennai, India.[157]
19 September 2018UnnamedMadagascarAntananarivoOne person was killed and 40 were injured in Antananarivo, Madagascar at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium during the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier between Senegal and Madagascar, after a group of spectators became trapped between a closed entrance gate and an incoming crowd.[158]
517 September 2018UnnamedAngolaLuandaFive people are killed, and seven injured, leaving the 2018 CAF Champions League Quarterfinal Match between Primeiro de Agosto and TP Mazembe in Luanda, Angola.[159]
68 December 2018Corinaldo stampedeItalyCorinaldoSix people were killed and dozens more injured in a human stampede as frantic concertgoers tried to exit a packed Lanterna Azzurra club in Corinaldo, Italy, after pepper spray was fired inside the club.[160]
328 December 2018UnnamedSouth AfricaPretoriaThe three lost their lives when an apparent stampede broke out at Bushiri's Enlightened Christian Gathering Church. Police confirmed the identity of the three women killed in a stampede at controversial prophet Shepherd Bushiri's church in Pretoria. Preliminary reports indicate that the community assembled at the show grounds to attend Shepherd Bushiri's church service, when the rain started, the congregation started to push each other and the stampede occurred.[161]
317 March 2019UnnamedUnited KingdomCookstown, Northern IrelandThree teenagers killed in a human crush on St Patrick's Day while queuing outside The Greenvale Hotel, Cookstown, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.[162]
1626 June 2019Antananarivo stampedeMadagascarAntananarivo16 people killed and 101 injured in a human crush in Antananarivo, Madagascar before a concert on their 59th Independence Day at the Mahamasina Municipal Stadium. The show was about to start and people believed they could enter the stadium and began to push, but the police left the doors closed.[163]
522 August 2019UnnamedAlgeriaAlgiers5 teenagers and young adults killed in a stampede at a Soolking rap concert in the Algerian capital Algiers.[164]
0 7 September 2019 Unnamed United States Austin Students at UT Austin attempting to attend the LSU at UT football game at DKR Stadium were told that seats normally guaranteed by their Big Tickets might not be available because of the anticipated large attendance at the game. The South End Zone normally reserved for students was under reconstruction, thus reducing capacity at the stadium by nearly 4,000. Some students report being trampled, but no serious injuries or deaths were reported.[165][166][167][168] The university addressed safety at home games later in the season when officials announced a new entrance policy starting with the Oklahoma State at UT game on 21 September 2019.[169]
3110 September 2019Karbala stampedeIraqKarbalaAt least 31 pilgrims killed and at least 100 others injured in a stampede near a major shrine in the city of Karbala, Iraq, while marking Ashura.[170]
39 November 2019Neutro Shorty concert stampedeVenezuelaCaracasThree teenagers killed in a stampede before a concert in Caracas, Venezuela.[171]
91 December 2019UnnamedBrazilSão PauloNine people killed in a stampede after a confusion that caused panic at Paraisópolis, São Paulo.[172]
567 January 2020Qasem Soleimani funeral StampedeIranKermanAt least 56 people killed and 200 injured in a stampede at the funeral of general Qasem Soleimani in Kerman, Iran.[173]
201 February 2020UnnamedTanzaniaMoshi, KilimanjaroAt least 20 people killed and 16 injured in stampede at a church in Moshi, Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The incident took place when church faithful were being ushered through an exit so that they could walk on “anointed oil.” More than 4,500 worshipers were attending a prayer meeting led by Boniface Mwamposa, a popular preacher who leads the Arise and Shine Ministry Tanzania.[174]
144 February 2020Kakamega Primary School StampedeKenyaKakamega14 pupils were killed in a staircase stampede at a primary school in Kakamega, Kenya, when the pupils were leaving for the day.[175]
2017 February 2020UnnamedNigerDiffa20 people killed in Diffa, Niger when food, clothes and cooking oil were being distributed, mostly to refugees from Nigeria.[176]
321 May 20202020 Maligawatta stampedeSri LankaMaligawatta3 people killed in Maligawatta, Sri Lanka when money was being distributed, mostly to area residents on the eve of Ramadan.[177][178][179]
1322 August 2020Los Olivos stampedePeruLimaAt least 13 people killed and 6 injured in the Los Olivos District of Lima, when the National Police of Peru raided the Thomas Restobar nightclub to break up an illegal gathering amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru.[180][181]
1521 October 2020Afghanistan Visa stampedeAfghanistanJalalabad CityAt least 15 killed (11 Women) and many more injured in a stampede at a stadium in Jalalabad, after thousands of people gathered to apply for permits to Pakistan when visa applications resumed after a seven-month pause due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[182][183]
45 21 March 2021 2021 Dar es Salaam stampede Tanzania Dar es Salaam 45 people were killed in a stampede at Uhuru Stadium.
45 30 April 2021 2021 Meron stampede Israel Meron At least 45 people were killed and dozens more critically wounded in a stampede at the annual Meron pilgrimage during Lag BaOmer. Organizers estimated that 100,000 people, the vast majority of whom were Ultra-Orthodox Jews and police, arrived on the night of 29 April.[184][185]
10 5 November 2021 Astroworld Festival crowd crush United States Houston At least 10[186] people were killed and numerous others were injured in a crowd surge at the Astroworld Festival hosted by rapper Travis Scott at NRG Park in Houston, Texas. 300 people were treated for injuries, and 11 people suffered cardiac arrest.[187]
121 January 2022Vaishno Devi Temple stampedeIndiaVaishno Devi Temple, Jammu and KashmirTwelve people are dead and 16 more are injured during a stampede at a Hindu shrine in Indian-administered Kashmir, triggered by a heavy rush of people coming to celebrate the New Year.[188]
8 24 January 2022 Yaoundé football crush Cameroon Olembe Stadium, Yaoundé At least eight people were killed attempting to enter a football stadium to watch a 2021 Africa Cup of Nations football match.[189]

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