List of countries with multiple capitals

Some countries have multiple capitals. In some cases, one city is the capital for some purposes, and one or more others are capital for other purposes, without any being considered an official capital in preference to the others.

Lists of capitals
Of countries
Of country subdivisions
 Cities portal

There are also cases where there is a single legally defined capital, but one or more other cities operate as the seat of government of some or all parts of the national government.

More than one capital at present
Country Capitals Details
 Bolivia SucreConstitutional capital
La PazExecutive capital
 Eswatini MbabaneAdministrative capital
LobambaLegislative (Parliament) and royal capital
 South Africa PretoriaAdministrative and executive capital
Cape TownLegislative capital (Parliament)
BloemfonteinJudicial capital
 Malaysia PutrajayaAdministrative capital
Kuala Lumpur Executive capital (Parliament)

More than one capital in the past
Main article: List of former national capitals

These countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a temporary capital.

Country Years Capitals Details
Afghanistan 1776–1818 Kabul Summer capital
Peshawar Winter capital
 Republic of China 1937–1945 Nanjing Capital of Japanese-controlled puppet state
Chongqing Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-controlled Republic of China
1945–1991 Nanjing Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 evacuation and the 1992 Consensus)
Taipei Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China in Taiwan
 British India 1858–1947 Calcutta (1858–1911) Administrative capital
Delhi (1911–1947)
Simla Summer capital
 France 1940-1944 Vichyde facto administrative capital
Parisde jure constitutional capital, also capital for the German military administration
 Kingdom of Italy 1943-1944 Brindisi (1943–Feb 1944) de facto provisional capital
Salerno (Feb-Jun 1944)
Romede jure capital until 1944 when it got Liberated by the Allies
 Italian Social Republic 1943-1944 Salòde facto capital until 1944 when it became the Primary Capital
Romede jure capital until 1944 when it got Liberated by the Allies
 Laos 1947–1975 VientianeAdministrative capital
Luang PrabangRoyal capital
 Libya 1951–1969 Tripoli One of two official capitals of the Kingdom of Libya
Benghazi
 Malawi 1974–1994 Lilongwe Administrative and judiciary capital
Zomba Legislative capital
 Norway 1940 OsloOfficial capital
HamarTemporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament[1]
 Philippines 1948–1976 Quezon CityOfficial capital
ManilaDe facto seat of government
1901–1976 BaguioSummer capital (still known as summer capital, outside of political use)
 Serbia and Montenegro 2003–2006 BelgradeAdministrative and legislative
PodgoricaJudicial

See also

References
  1. Kongens nei - 9. april (Norwegian)
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