List of U.S. states and territories by population

The states and territories included in the United States Census Bureau's statistics for the United States (population, ethnicity, religion, and most other categories) include the 50 states and the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.). Separate statistics are maintained for the five permanently inhabited territories of the United States (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands).[1]

Resident population of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2021 according to the U.S. Census Bureau
Average annual population growth rate in each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico between 2020 and 2021 according to the U.S. Census Bureau

Method

The United States Census counts the persons residing in the United States including citizens, non-citizen permanent residents and non-citizen long-term visitors.[2] Civilian and military federal employees serving abroad and their dependents are counted in their home state.[3]

Electoral apportionment

House of Representatives

Based on the decennial census, each state is allocated a portion of the 435 fixed seats in the United States House of Representatives, with each state guaranteed at least one. The allocation is based on each state's proportion of the combined population of the fifty states (not including the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, or the United States Virgin Islands).

Electoral College

The Electoral College, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States based on the popular vote in each state and the District of Columbia. Each state's number of votes in the Electoral College is equal to its number of members in the Senate plus members in the House of Representatives.[4]

The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution additionally grants the District of Columbia (D.C.), which is not part of any state, as many Electoral College votes as it would have if it were a state, while having no more votes than the least populous state (currently, Wyoming). Since the U.S. Constitution guarantees every state at least one member of the U.S. House of Representatives and two members of the U.S. Senate, every state has at least three Electoral College votes. Thus, the Electoral College has 538 members (100 senators, plus 435 representatives, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia).[4] Territories of the United States such as Puerto Rico are not included in the Electoral College: people in those territories cannot vote directly for the President of the United States,[5] although they may participate in the partisan nominating primaries and caucuses.[6]

State and territory rankings

Column header abbreviations:

Abs. = Absolute, S. = Seats, elec. = electoral, Ch. = Change, Elec. Coll. = Electoral College
Rank State or territory
Census population
[7][lower-alpha 1]
Change,
2010–2020
[7][lower-alpha 1]
Pop. per elec. vote, 2020[lower-alpha 3]
Census pop. per seat
% of the total U.S. pop.[lower-alpha 4]
% of Elec. Coll.
20212010
July 1, 2021
April 1, 2010
%
 Abs.S. %20202010
Est. 2020
2010
Ch.
2010–2020
1 1  California 39,237,836 37,253,956 5.3% 1,983,880 52 11.95% 715,783 761,091 702,905 11.80% 11.91% –0.11% 10.04%
2 2  Texas 29,527,941 25,145,561 17.4% 4,382,380 38 8.74% 772,652 767,981 698,488 8.70% 8.04% 0.66% 7.43%
3 4  Florida 21,781,128 18,801,310 15.85% 2,979,818 28 6.44% 749,425 770,376 696,345 6.43% 6.01% 0.42% 5.58%
4 3  New York 19,835,913 19,378,102 2.36% 457,811 26 5.98% 666,785 777,529 717,707 6.03% 6.19% –0.17% 5.20%
5 6  Pennsylvania 12,964,056 12,702,379 2.06% 261,677 17 3.91% 639,163 765,403 705,688 3.88% 4.06% –0.18% 3.53%
6 5  Illinois 12,671,469 12,830,632 –0.1% –18,124 17 3.91% 629,377 754,279 712,813 3.82% 4.10% –0.28% 3.53%
7 7  Ohio 11,780,017 11,536,504 2.3% 262,944 15 3.45% 649,623 787,257 721,032 3.52% 3.69% –0.17% 3.16%
8 9  Georgia 10,799,566 9,687,653 10.6% 1,024,255 14 3.22% 669,376 766,091 691,975 3.20% 3.10% 0.10% 2.97%
9 10  North Carolina 10,551,162 9,535,483 9.5% 903,905 14 3.22% 706,722 746,711 733,499 3.12% 3.05% 0.07% 2.97%
10 8  Michigan 10,050,811 9,883,640 2.0% 193,691 13 2.99% 622,910 775,726 705,974 3.01% 3.16% –0.15% 2.79%
11 11  New Jersey 9,267,130 8,791,894 5.7% 497,100 12 2.76% 634,455 774,541 732,658 2.77% 2.81% –0.04% 2.60%
12 12  Virginia 8,642,274 8,001,024 7.9% 630,369 11 2.53% 660,813 786,777 727,366 2.58% 2.56% 0.02% 2.42%
13 13  Washington 7,738,692 6,724,540 14.6% 980,741 10 2.30% 641,134 771,595 672,454 2.30% 2.15% 0.15% 2.23%
14 16  Arizona 7,276,316 6,392,017 11.9% 759,485 9 2.07% 674,673 795,436 710,224 2.13% 2.04% 0.09% 2.04%
15 14  Massachusetts 6,984,723 6,547,629 7.4% 482,288 9 2.07% 626,689 781,497 727,514 2.10% 2.09% 0.00% 2.04%
16 17  Tennessee 6,975,218 6,346,105 8.9% 564,735 9 2.07% 626,076 768,544 705,123 2.06% 2.03% 0.03% 2.04%
17 15  Indiana 6,805,985 6,483,802 4.7% 301,726 9 2.07% 614,087 754,476 720,422 2.02% 2.07% –0.05% 2.04%
18 19  Maryland 6,165,129 5,773,552 7.0% 403,672 8 1.84% 615,155 773,160 748,616 1.84% 1.85% –0.00% 1.86%
19 18  Missouri 6,168,187 5,988,927 2.8% 165,986 8 1.84% 605,580 770,035 721,694 1.84% 1.91% –0.08% 1.86%
20 20  Wisconsin 5,895,908 5,686,986 3.6% 206,732 8 1.84% 583,266 737,184 710,873 1.76% 1.82% –0.06% 1.86%
21 22  Colorado 5,812,069 5,029,196 14.8% 744,518 8 1.84% 645,302 722,771 718,457 1.72% 1.61% 0.12% 1.86%
22 21  Minnesota 5,707,390 5,303,925 7.6% 402,569 8 1.84% 565,734 713,719 662,991 1.70% 1.70% 0.01% 1.86%
23 24  South Carolina 5,190,705 4,625,364 10.7% 493,061 7 1.61% 579,782 732,102 660,766 1.53% 1.48% 0.05% 1.67%
24 23  Alabama 5,039,877 4,779,736 5.1% 244,543 7 1.61% 546,837 718,579 682,819 1.50% 1.53% –0.03% 1.67%
25 25  Louisiana 4,657,757 4,533,372 2.7% 124,385 6 1.38% 580,665 776,911 755,562 1.39% 1.45% –0.06% 1.49%
26 26  Kentucky 4,505,836 4,339,367 3.8% 166,469 6 1.38% 559,656 751,557 723,228 1.35% 1.39% –0.04% 1.49%
27 27  Oregon 4,237,256 3,831,074 10.6% 406,182 6 1.38% 605,930 706,917 766,215 1.26% 1.22% 0.04% 1.49%
28 28  Oklahoma 3,959,353 3,751,351 5.5% 208,002 5 1.15% 568,683 792,703 750,270 1.18% 1.20% –0.02% 1.30%
29 30  Connecticut 3,605,944 3,574,097 0.9% 31,847 5 1.15% 508,144 721,660 714,819 1.08% 1.14% –0.07% 1.30%
30 29  Puerto Rico 3,285,874 3,725,789 –‍11.8% –439,915 1* — — — — 0.98% 1.19% –0.21% —
31 35  Utah 3,271,616 2,763,885 18.4% 507,731 4 0.92% 541,647 818,813 690,971 0.98% 0.88% 0.09% 1.12%
32 31  Iowa 3,190,369 3,046,355 4.7% 144,014 4 0.92% 527,260 798,102 761,589 0.95% 0.97% –0.02% 1.12%
33 36  Nevada 3,104,614 2,700,551 15.0% 404,063 4 0.92% 523,043 777,116 675,138 0.93% 0.86% 0.06% 1.12%
34 33  Arkansas 3,011,524 2,915,918 3.3% 95,606 4 0.92% 505,087 753,439 728,980 0.90% 0.93% –0.03% 1.12%
35 32  Mississippi 2,961,279 2,967,297 –0.2% –6,018 4 0.92% 494,464 740,979 741,824 0.88% 0.95% –0.06% 1.12%
36 34  Kansas 2,937,880 2,853,118 3.0% 84,762 4 0.92% 485,634 735,216 713,280 0.88% 0.91% –0.04% 1.12%
37 37  New Mexico 2,117,522 2,059,179 2.8% 58,343 3 0.69% 421,264 706,740 686,393 0.63% 0.66% –0.03% 0.93%
38 39  Nebraska 1,961,504 1,826,341 7.4% 135,163 3 0.69% 387,510 654,444 608,780 0.59% 0.58% 0.00% 0.93%
39 40  Idaho 1,839,106 1,567,582 17.3% 271,524 2 0.46% 456,728 920,689 783,791 0.55% 0.50% 0.05% 0.74%
40 38  West Virginia 1,793,716 1,852,994 –3.2% –59,278 2 0.46% 356,957 897,523 617,665 0.54% 0.59% –0.06% 0.74%
41 41  Hawaii 1,455,271 1,360,301 7.0% 94,970 2 0.46% 351,752 730,069 680,151 0.44% 0.43% 0.00% 0.74%
42 43  New Hampshire 1,377,529 1,316,470 4.6% 61,059 2 0.46% 341,569 689,545 658,235 0.41% 0.42% –0.01% 0.74%
43 42  Maine 1,362,359 1,328,361 2.6% 33,998 2 0.46% 337,535 681,791 664,181 0.41% 0.42% –0.02% 0.74%
44 44  Rhode Island 1,097,379 1,052,567 4.3% 44,812 2 0.46% 264,281 549,082 526,284 0.33% 0.34% –0.01% 0.74%
45 45  Montana 1,084,225 989,415 9.6% 94,810 2 0.46% 360,192 542,704 989,415 0.32% 0.32% 0.01% 0.74%
46 46  Delaware 989,948 897,934 10.2% 92,014 1 0.23% 328,936 990,837 897,934 0.30% 0.29% 0.01% 0.56%
47 47  South Dakota 886,667 814,180 8.9% 72,487 1 0.23% 297,572 887,770 814,180 0.26% 0.26% 0.00% 0.56%
48 49  North Dakota 779,094 672,591 15.8% 106,503 1 0.23% 255,103 779,702 672,591 0.23% 0.21% 0.02% 0.56%
49 48  Alaska 733,391 710,231 3.3% 23,160 1 0.23% 243,719 736,081 710,231 0.22% 0.23% –0.01% 0.56%
50 51  District of Columbia 689,545 601,723 14.6% 87,822 1* — 237,605 — — 0.21% 0.19% 0.01% 0.56%
51 50  Vermont 643,077 625,741 2.8% 17,336 1 0.23% 207,782 643,503 625,741 0.19% 0.20% –0.01% 0.56%
52 52  Wyoming 576,851 563,626 2.3% 13,225 1 0.23% 194,109 577,719 563,626 0.17% 0.18% –0.01% 0.56%
53 53  Guam[8] 153,836 159,358 –3.5% –5,522 1* — — — — 0.05% 0.05% –0.00% —
54 54  U.S. Virgin Islands[9] 87,146 106,405 –18.1% –19,259 1* — — — — 0.03% 0.03% –0.00% —
55 55  American Samoa[10] 49,710 55,519 –10.5% –5,809 1* — — — — 0.01% 0.02% –0.00% —
56 56  Northern Mariana Islands[11] 47,329 53,883 –12.2% –6,554 1* — — — — 0.01% 0.02% –0.00% —
— — Contiguous United States 329,260,619 306,675,006 7.4% +22,585,613 432
(+1*)		 99.31% 616,471 757,745 709,896 98.27% 98.03% 0.24% 98.70%
— — The 50 states 330,759,736 308,143,815 7.3% +22,615,921 435 100% 614,526 755,796 708,377 98.71% 98.50% 0.22% 99.44%
— — The 50 states and D.C. 331,449,281 308,745,538 7.4% +22,703,743 435
(+1*)		 100% 612,424 — — 98.92% 98.69% 0.23% 100%
— — Total United States 335,073,176 312,846,492 7.1% +22,226,684 435
(+6*)		 100% — — — 100% 100% — —

* — non-voting member of the House of Representatives.

  1. Resident population only; does not include overseas population
  2. Based on the 2020 census, which applies to congressional representation from 2023 to 2033. Percentages are based on voting members only.
  3. Each state has a number of votes in the Electoral College equal to its number of senators (two) and representatives in the Congress, while D.C. is granted 3 electoral votes. The Electoral College is used to elect the President and Vice President of the United States.
  4. Because of rounding of the individual percentages, the entries in this column may not sum to 100%.

Summary of population by region
Legend
Division totals – 9 divisions for 50 states and District of Columbia
Region totals – 4 regions (2 or 3 divisions each)
Individual territories
Total U.S. territories
50 states + District of Columbia
Divisions & regions as defined by U.S. Census Bureau
Last col. shows larger region which contains entity in col. 1

Column header abbreviations: # = Rank, Geo. = Geographic

Population of states, territories, divisions and regions [12]
    State/federal district/territory/
    division/region    		 # 2020 pop. # 2010 pop. # 2000 pop. # 2010–
    2020
    change    		 Geo.
    sort
     Massachusetts 15 7,029,917 14 6,547,629 13 6,349,097 21 7.4% NEng
     Connecticut 29 3,605,944 29 3,574,097 29 3,405,565 47 0.9% NEng
     New Hampshire 41 1,377,529 42 1,316,470 41 1,235,786 30 4.6% NEng
     Maine 42 1,362,359 41 1,328,361 40 1,274,923 42 2.6% NEng
     Rhode Island 43 1,097,379 43 1,052,567 43 1,048,319 31 4.3% NEng
     Vermont 49 643,077 49 625,741 49 608,827 40 2.8% NEng
           New England 9 15,116,205 9 14,444,865 9 13,922,517 7 4.6% NEast
     New York 4 20,201,249 3 19,378,102 3 18,976,457 32 4.2% MAtl
     Pennsylvania 5 13,002,700 6 12,702,379 6 12,281,054 43 2.4% MAtl
     New Jersey 11 9,288,994 11 8,791,894 9 8,414,350 25 5.7% MAtl
           Mid-Atlantic 4 42,492,943 4 40,872,375 4 39,671,861 8 4.0% NEast
           Northeast 4 57,609,148 4 55,317,240 4 53,594,378 3 4.1% USA
     Florida 3 21,538,187 4 18,801,310 4 15,982,378 8 14.6% SAtl
     Georgia 8 10,711,908 9 9,687,653 10 8,186,453 12 10.6% SAtl
     North Carolina 9 10,439,388 10 9,535,483 11 8,049,313 15 9.5% SAtl
     Virginia 12 8,631,393 12 8,001,024 12 7,078,515 18 7.9% SAtl
     Maryland 18 6,177,224 19 5,773,552 19 5,296,486 22 7.0% SAtl
     South Carolina 23 5,118,425 24 4,625,364 26 4,012,012 10 10.7% SAtl
     West Virginia 39 1,793,716 37 1,852,994 37 1,808,344 50 −3.2% SAtl
     Delaware 45 989,948 45 897,934 45 783,600 13 10.2% SAtl
     District of Columbia – 689,545 – 601,723 – 572,059 – 14.6% SAtl
           South Atlantic 1 66,089,734 1 59,777,037 1 51,769,160 3 10.6% South
     Tennessee 16 6,910,840 17 6,346,105 16 5,689,283 17 8.9% ESC
     Alabama 24 5,024,279 23 4,779,736 23 4,447,100 27 5.1% ESC
     Kentucky 26 4,505,836 26 4,339,367 25 4,041,769 33 3.8% ESC
     Mississippi 34 2,961,279 31 2,967,297 31 2,844,658 49 −0.2% ESC
           East South Central 8 19,402,234 8 18,432,505 8 17,022,810 6 5.3% South
     Texas 2 29,145,505 2 25,145,561 2 20,851,820 3 15.9% WSC
     Louisiana 25 4,657,757 25 4,533,372 22 4,468,976 41 2.7% WSC
     Oklahoma 28 3,959,353 28 3,751,351 27 3,450,654 26 5.5% WSC
     Arkansas 33 3,011,524 32 2,915,918 33 2,673,400 35 3.3% WSC
           West South Central 5 40,774,139 5 36,346,202 5 31,444,850 2 12.2% South
           South 1 126,266,107 1 114,555,744 1 100,236,820 1 10.2% USA
     Illinois 6 12,812,508 5 12,830,632 5 12,419,293 48 −0.1% ENC
     Ohio 7 11,799,448 7 11,536,504 7 11,353,140 45 2.3% ENC
     Michigan 10 10,077,331 8 9,883,640 8 9,938,444 46 2.0% ENC
     Indiana 17 6,785,528 15 6,483,802 14 6,080,485 29 4.7% ENC
     Wisconsin 20 5,893,718 20 5,686,986 18 5,363,675 34 3.6% ENC
           East North Central 3 47,368,533 3 46,421,564 2 45,155,037 9 2.0% MWest
     Missouri 19 6,154,913 18 5,988,927 17 5,595,211 39 2.8% WNC
     Minnesota 22 5,706,494 21 5,303,925 21 4,919,479 19 7.6% WNC
     Iowa 31 3,190,369 30 3,046,355 30 2,926,324 28 4.7% WNC
     Kansas 35 2,937,880 33 2,853,118 32 2,688,418 37 3.0% WNC
     Nebraska 37 1,961,504 38 1,826,341 38 1,711,263 20 7.4% WNC
     South Dakota 46 886,667 46 814,180 46 754,844 16 8.9% WNC
     North Dakota 47 779,094 48 672,591 47 642,200 4 15.8% WNC
           West North Central 7 21,616,921 7 20,505,437 6 19,237,739 5 5.4% MWest
           Midwest 3 68,985,454 3 66,927,001 2 64,392,776 4 3.1% USA
     Arizona 14 7,151,502 16 6,392,017 20 5,130,632 9 11.9% Mtn
     Colorado 21 5,773,714 22 5,029,196 24 4,301,261 6 14.8% Mtn
     Utah 30 3,271,616 34 2,763,885 34 2,233,169 1 18.4% Mtn
     Nevada 32 3,104,614 35 2,700,551 35 1,998,257 5 15.0% Mtn
     New Mexico 36 2,117,522 36 2,059,179 36 1,819,046 38 2.8% Mtn
     Idaho 38 1,839,106 39 1,567,582 39 1,293,953 2 17.3% Mtn
     Montana 44 1,084,225 44 989,415 44 902,195 14 9.6% Mtn
     Wyoming 50 576,851 50 563,626 50 493,782 44 2.3% Mtn
           Mountain 6 24,919,150 6 22,065,451 7 18,172,295 1 12.9% West
     California 1 39,538,223 1 37,253,956 1 33,871,648 24 6.1% Pac
     Washington 13 7,705,281 13 6,724,540 15 5,894,121 7 14.6% Pac
     Oregon 27 4,237,256 27 3,831,074 28 3,421,399 11 10.6% Pac
     Hawaii 40 1,455,271 40 1,360,301 42 1,211,537 23 7.0% Pac
     Alaska 48 733,391 47 710,231 48 626,932 36 3.3% Pac
           Pacific 2 53,669,422 2 49,880,102 3 45,025,637 4 7.6% West
           West 2 78,588,572 2 71,945,553 3 63,197,932 2 9.2% USA
     50 states and District of Columbia – 331,449,281 – 308,745,538 – 281,421,906 – 7.4% NAmer
     Puerto Rico 1 3,285,874 1 3,725,789 1 3,808,610 3 −11.8% I.A.
     Guam 2 153,836 2 159,358 2 154,805 1 −3.5% I.A.
     U.S. Virgin Islands 3 87,146 3 106,405 3 108,612 2 −18.1% I.A.
     American Samoa 4 49,710 4 55,519 5 57,291 4 −7.7% I.A.
     Northern Mariana Islands 5 47,329 5 53,883 4 69,221 5 −14.8% I.A.
           Island Areas (Territories)[note 1] – 3,623,895 – 4,100,954 – 4,198,539 – −11.6% USA
    State/federal district/territory/
    division/region    		 #2020 pop. #2010 pop. #2000 pop. #2010–
    2020
    change    		 Geo.
    sort

    See also

    Notes
    1. The Census Bureau groups these five U.S. territories along with the mostly uninhabited (and, since 2010, not enumerated) U.S. Minor Outlying Islands into the "Island Areas" region.

    References
    General
    • "National Totals: Vintage 2015". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
    • "2010Census Tables". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
    • "Congressional Apportionment: 2010 Census Brief". U. S. Census Bureau. November 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
    • "2009 Census estimates". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 7, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
    • Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1995, U.S. Census Bureau, Section 29: Outlying Areas, Table No. 1347. Land Area and Population Characteristics, by [Outlying] Area: 1990 (page 828). Retrieved May 28, 2011
    Specific
    1. Geographic Terms and Concepts - Island Areas of the United States, U.S. Census Bureau, archived from the original on December 10, 2016, retrieved March 19, 2019
    2. "FAQ: Does the Census Bureau collect data on the number of unauthorized migrants?". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
    3. "FAQ: Will 2010 Census apportionment population counts also include any Americans overseas". U. S Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2009.
    4. Office of the Federal Register. "A Procedural Guide to the Electoral College". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
    5. Shah, Dayna K.; Reich, Mary W. (November 1997). U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office. GAO/OGC-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 29, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
    6. Curry, Tom (May 28, 2008). "Nominating, but not voting for president". NBC News. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
    7. "US Census Quickfacts, Population Estimates, July 1 2021". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
    8. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: Guam, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of Guam: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    9. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: U.S. Virgin Islands, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of the United States Virgin Islands: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    10. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: American Samoa, Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of American Samoa: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    11. "2020 Island Areas Censuses: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Population and Housing Unit Counts, Table 1. Population of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: 2010 and 2020". October 28, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
    12. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
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