List of Jewish states and dynasties
This is a list of dynasties and states that have had ties to Judaism and/or the Jewish people (with polities concentrated around the latter constituting nation-states); as Judaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people, it is generally uncommon for non-Jewish ethnicities to practise it, although broad cases of observance of Judaism by non-Jews have been recorded throughout history. Alongside those established by ethnic Jews, this list includes polities established by non-Jewish practitioners of Judaism.
In the Land of Israel
- Twelve Tribes of Israel[1]
- Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) (c. 1047 BCE–930 BCE)[2]
- Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) (c. 930 BCE–720 BCE)[3]
- Kingdom of Judah (c. 930 BCE–587/586 BCE)[4]
- Hasmonean dynasty (c. 140 BCE–37 BCE)[5]
- Herodian dynasty (47 BCE–100 CE)
- Judean provisional government (66–68 CE)
- Bar Kokhba Jewish state (132–135 CE)
- Following the Jewish revolt against Heraclius, culminating in the Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem, Jewish hegemony and self-governance was briefly re-established in the Holy Land under the rule of Nehemiah ben Hushiel and Benjamin of Tiberias. (614 CE - 617 CE)
- State of Israel (1948 CE–present)[6]
In the Jewish diaspora
In Europe
- Khazar Kingdom (c.750-950 CE), a semi-nomadic Turkic Kingdom in the Caucasus whose ruling class seems to have converted to Judaism, although the extent to which it was adopted by commoners is highly debated.[7]
- A proposed Jewish polity discussed in A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France (768–900 CE), a book by Arthur J. Zuckerman
In the Middle East
- Himyarite Kingdom (110 BCE–525 CE)[8]
- Anilai and Asinai ruled the area of Nehardea within the Parthian Empire (18–33 CE)
- Adiabene (c. 30–115 CE)
- Mahoza Kingdom established by Mar-Zutra II (495–502 CE)
- David Reubeni's purported "Kingdom of Habor", which may or may not have existed
In Africa
In Asia
- Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russia (1934 CE–present)
See also
References
- "From Judges to Monarchy".
- Vaux, Roland De (March 25, 1997). Ancient Israel: Its Life and Instructions. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802842787 – via Google Books.
- "The Biblical Northern Kingdom Of Israel (Samaria)". WorldAtlas.
- Pioske, Daniel (February 11, 2015). David's Jerusalem: Between Memory and History. Routledge. ISBN 9781317548911 – via Google Books.
- Spiro, Rabbi Ken. "History Crash Course #29: Revolt of the Maccabees". aishcom.
- "State of Israel proclaimed". HISTORY.
- Simon Schama, The Story of the Jews: Finding the Words, 1000 BC-1492 AD, p. 266
- David, Ariel (November 29, 2017). "Before Islam: When Saudi Arabia Was a Jewish Kingdom". Haaretz.
- Steven Kaplan, The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia, p. 94
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