List of Indian flags
This is a list of flags used in India by various organizations. For more information about the national flag, visit the article Flag of India.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of India. |
National flag
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1947–present | National flag of India | A horizontal tricolour of saffron at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the centre is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra. |
Governmental flag
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | 1950–1971[1] | Presidential Standard of India | 1st quarter: state emblem (the Lions of Sarnath) to represent national unity; 2nd quarter: elephant from Ajanta Caves to represent patience and strength; 3rd quarter: scales from the Red Fort, Old Delhi to represent justice and economy; 4th quarter: lotus vase from Sarnath to represent prosperity. |
 |
present | Flag used by Ministry of Defence | A horizontal tricolour of red, navy blue and sky blue representing the army, navy and air force respectively. |
Ensigns
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Civil ensign | A Red Ensign with the flag of India in the canton. | |
 | State ensign | A Blue Ensign with the flag of India in the canton, and a yellow anchor horizontally in the fly. |
Naval
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Indian Naval Ensign | A red cross on a white field, with the Indian state emblem in yellow at the center, with the Indian national flag in the canton. | |
 | Naval Reserve Ensign | Naval Reserve Ensign used by auxiliary ships and merchant ships whose captain is a Navy Reserve Officer. |
Port authorities
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | Ensign of Port of Cochin | ||
 | Ensign of Bombay Harbour Trust | ||
 | Ensign of Commissioners of the Port of Calcutta |
Military flags
Indian Armed Forces
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of the Indian Armed Forces | A horizontal tricolour of red, navy blue and sky blue with the tri-service emblem at the centre | |
.svg.png.webp) | Flag of the Chief of Defence Staff | A red field with the flag of India in the canton, and the tri-service emblem |
Army
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of the Indian Army | A red field with the flag of India in the canton, and the Army badge in the fly | |
.png.webp) | Flag of the Field Marshal | ||
 | Flag of the Chief of the Army Staff | ||
 | Flag of the General | ||
 | Flag of the Vice Chief of the Army Staff | ||
 | Flag of the Principal Staff Officer | ||
 | Flag of the Lieutenant General | ||
 | Flag of the Major General | ||
 | Flag of the Brigadier |
Components
Flags seen at Indian Army bases
"Strangely, the Indian national flag seems not to be used in military bases. I saw it only in schoolyards of government schools. Below are described some of the flags I have been able to see properly from the bus. Identification of the units was in most cases not possible for the reasons given above."
Ivan Sache, 25 August 2001, Website
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of Ordnance Corps | ||
 | Flag of Corps of EME | ||
 | Flag of Regiment of Artillery | ||
 | Flag of Service Corps | ||
 | Flag of Medical Corps | ||
 | Flag of 3rd Cavalry regiment | ||
 | Flag of Garhwal Rifles | ||
 | Flag of Northern Command | ||
 | Flag of Punjab Regiment | ||
 | Flag of XIV Corps | ||
 | Flag of Corps of Engineers | ||
.gif) | Flag of Brigade of The Guards | ||
 | Flag of 3rd Infantry | ||
 | Flag of 267th Transit Camp | ||
 | Flag of Vehicles of Basgo | ||
 | Flag of Mechanised Infantry Regiment | ||
 | Flag of Remount Veterinary Corps |
Air Force
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of the Indian Air Force | A sky-blue ensign with the flag of India in the canton, and the Air Force roundel in the fly | |
.svg.png.webp) | Flag of the Marshal of the Indian Air Force | ||
 | Flag of the Air Chief Marshal (rank currently reserved for the Chief of Air Staff) | ||
.png.webp) | Flag of the Air marshal (also Vice Chief of the Air Staff) | ||
.png.webp) | Flag of the Air vice marshal | ||
.png.webp) | Flag of the Air commodore | ||
.gif) | Flag of the Group Captain | ||
.gif) | Flag of the Wing Commander |
Navy
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flag of the Indian Navy | A red cross on a white field, with the Indian state emblem in yellow at the center, with the Indian national flag in the canton. | |
 | Flag of the Admiral (rank currently reserved for the Chief of the Naval Staff) | ||
 | Flag of the Vice Admiral (also Vice Chief of the Naval Staff) | ||
 | Flag of the Rear Admiral | ||
 | Flag of the Commodore | ||
 | Flag of the Senior officer |
Coast Guard
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of the Indian Coast Guard | A Blue Ensign with the Flag of India in the canton, and the Coast Guard badge in the fly | |
| Flag of the Director General of the Indian Coast Guard | A Blue Ensign with the Flag of India in the canton, and the Coast Guard badge in the fly | |
 | Flag of the Additional Director General of the Indian Coast Guard | ||
 | Flag of the Inspector-General of the Indian Coast Guard | ||
 | Flag of the Deputy Inspector-General of the Indian Coast Guard | ||
 | Flag of the Commandant of the Indian Coast Guard |
Paramilitary forces
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of Assam Rifles | ||
 | Flag of Border Security Force | ||
 | Flag of Central Industrial Security Force | ||
 | Flag of Central Reserve Police Force | ||
 | Flag of National Security Guard | ||
 | Flag of Rashtriya Rifles | ||
 | Flag of Sashastra Seema Bal | ||
 | Flag of Indo-Tibetan Border Police | ||
 | Flag of Special Protection Group | ||
 | Flag of Railway Protection Force |
Other agencies
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of Border Roads Organisation | ||
.svg.png.webp) | Flag of Territorial Army |
State and union territory flags
At present there are no officially recognised flags for individual states and union territories of India. No legal prohibitions to prevent states adopting distinctive flags exist in either the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 or the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971.[2] In a 1994 case before the Supreme Court of India, S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, the Supreme Court declared that there is no prohibition in the Constitution of India for a state to have its own flag. However, a state flag should not dishonour the national flag.[3] The Flag code of India also permits other flags to be flown with the Flag of India, but not on the same flag pole of in a superior position to the national flag.[4]
Former official state flags
The state of Jammu and Kashmir had an officially recognised state flag between 1952 and 2019 under the special status granted to the state by Article 370 of the Constitution of India.
| Flag | State | Usage date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.gif) |
1947–1952 | The flag was red with a plough in the centre. The red background stood for labour and the plough stood for agriculture. The ratio of the flag was 3:2. | |
.svg.png.webp) |
1952–2019 | The flag was red with three white vertical stripes in the hoist and a plough in the fly. The red background stood for labour, the stripes stood for the three administrative divisions of the state (Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh) and the plough stood for agriculture. The ratio of the flag was 3:2.[5] |
Proposed state flags
Flags have been proposed for Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
| Flag | State | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
.png.webp) | Tamil Nadu | Proposed in 1970 | The Government of Tamil Nadu proposed a design for a state flag in 1970.[6] | Grey flag with the flag of India in the canton and the Emblem of Tamil Nadu in the fly. |
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Karnataka | Proposed in 2018 | The Government of Karnataka proposed a design for a state flag in 2018.[7] | Yellow, white and red tricolour with the Emblem of Karnataka centred on the white band. |
Banners of the states and union territories
When a distinctive banner is required to represent a state or union territory, the emblem of the state or union territory is usually displayed on a white field.[8][9][10][11]
States
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Emblem of Tamil Nadu
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Historical flags
Pre-colonial states
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 590 B.C.-1600 A.D. | Flag of the Pandya dynasty | According to legend, the goddess Meenakshi was born as the daughter of a Pandya king. Her eyes had the shape of a fish and resemble the emblem of the Pandyas. |
 | 500 B.C.-1102 A.D. | Flag of the Chera dynasty | The Chera kings had the title Villavar Kon, the Villavar clan founded the ancient Chera Kingdom. Villavar means archer in Tamil. |
 | 300 B.C.-1279 A.D. | Flag of the Chola dynasty | The tiger flag of Chola is mentioned in Periya Puranam. |
 | 275-897 | Flag of the Pallava dynasty | The Pallava royal insignia was the (lion) and (bull) which was changeable. Narashimavarman used the lion as his emblem and Nandivarman preferred the Nandi. Under the reign of Parameswaravarman was Khatvanga (Skull mace) added to Pallava emblem. |
 | 1193-1808 | Flag of the Kingdom of Porbandar | A yellow-orange flag with a purple border with the draw of a red swallowtailed flag inside. |
 | 1206–1526 | Flag of the Delhi Sultanate | A dark green flag with a black strip left of center. |
 | 1336–1646 | Flag of the Vijayanagara Empire | Yellow coloured flag of the Vijayanagara Empire which ruled over South India. |
 | 1399–1950 | Flag of the Kingdom of Mysore | Red and Brown coloured flag of the Kingdom of Mysore which ruled over most of Karnataka and at its zenith most of South India. |
 | 1407–1573 | Flag of the Gujarat Sultanate | 4 horizontal stripes alternating red and white. |
 | 1490-1636 | Flag of The Ahmadnagar Sultanate | A green swallowtail flag with a Quranic verse engraved. |
 | 1518–1687 | Flag of Kingdom of Golconda | Cyan coloured flag of the Qutb Shahi dynasty which ruled over the Kingdom of Golconda. |
 | 1526–1858 | Flag of the Mughal Empire (Alam) | A flag that was primarily moss green.[14] |
 | 1545-1700 | Flag of the Arakkal Kingdom | A red banner with a crescent and star. |
 | 1674–1818 | Flag of the Maratha Empire (Bhagwa Dhwaj)[15] | A saffron-coloured swallowtail flag. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1699-1818 | Flag of The Jaipur Kingdom | Similar to the Flag of Nepal, with 5 stripes of red, yellow, white, green and blue. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1700-1819 | Flag of the Arakkal Kingdom | A white banner with a border of 22 red triangles. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1700-1900 | Flag of The Hyderabad State | An orange triangular flag with a green crescent. |
 | 1716-1799 | Flag of The Sikh Confederacy | |
 | 1729–1949 | Flag of the Kingdom of Travancore | Red flag with a dextrally-coiled silver conch shell (Turbinella pyrum) at its centre. |
 | 1799–1849 | Flag of the Sikh Empire (Nishan Sahib)[16] | |
 | 1799–1849 | Flag of the Sikh Empire (variant) | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1877-1914 1962-1967 | Flag of the Kingdom of Sikkim | The flag of Sikkim used from 1877 to 1914 and re-introduced from 1962 to 1967 depicted a Buddhist prayer wheel with a fanciful border and religious pictograms surrounding the wheel. |
 | 1900-1947 | Flag of The Hyderabad State | 2 striped green and red flag with a white crescent and star |
.svg.png.webp) | 1914-1962 | Flag of the Kingdom of Sikkim | The flag of Sikkim used from 1914 to 1962 is similar to the previous flag. |
 | 1947-1948 | Flag of The Hyderabad State | An orange flag with 6 black stripes and 4 white stripes. The script along the top reads Al Azmatulillah meaning "All greatness is for God". The bottom script reads Ya Uthman which translates to "Oh Osman". The writing in the middle reads "Nizam-ul-Mulk Asif Jah". |
.svg.png.webp) | 1967–1975 | Flag of the Kingdom of Sikkim | The flag of Sikkim used between 1967 and 1975 depicted a Buddhist prayer wheel in gold on a white field with a red border. |
Company rule in India
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1600–1707 | Flag of the East India Company | A striped banner with Saint George's Cross in the canton. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1707–1801 | Flag of the East India Company | A striped banner with the Union Jack of Great Britain in the canton. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1801–1858 | Flag of the East India Company | A striped banner with the Union Jack in the canton. |
British India
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1858–1947 | The official state flag of the British Empire used in India | The Flag of the United Kingdom. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1885–1947 | Flag of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India | The Union Jack defaced with the insignia of the Order of the Star of India beneath the Tudor Crown. |
 | 1880–1947 | Civil Ensign of British India used to represent British India internationally. | A Red Ensign with the Union Jack at the canton, defaced with the Star of India emblem displayed in the fly. |
Indian Army
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1942-1947 | Ensign of the British Indian Army | Red field emblazoned with Star of India crossed by two swords and beneath the Tudor Crown. |
 | 1878-1947 | Flag of the Indian Army Service Corps | A Blue Ensign with the Union Jack at the canton, and the Star of India crossed by two swords displayed in the fly. |
(Royal) Indian Air Force
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | 1945-1947 | Ensign of the Royal Indian Air Force | A field of air force blue with the United Kingdom's flag in the canton and the Royal Indian Air Force's roundel in the fly. |
(Royal) Indian Marine/(Royal) Indian Navy
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1863–1947 | 1877–1892 Ensign of Her Majesty's Indian Marine 1892–1928: Ensign of the Royal Indian Marine 1928–1934 Naval jack of the Royal Indian Marine 1934–1947: Naval jack of the Royal Indian Navy | A Blue Ensign with the Union Jack at the canton, and the Star of India displayed in the fly. |
 | 1884–1928 | 1884–1892 Naval jack of Her Majesty's Indian Marine 1892–1928: Naval jack of the Royal Indian Marine | The Union Jack with blue border. |
 | 1928–1950 | 1928–1934: Ensign of the Royal Indian Marine 1934–1950: Ensign of the Royal Indian Navy | The White Ensign of the Royal Navy. |
 | 1954–1955 | 1954–1955: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy 1955: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff, Indian Navy | The St George's Cross. Ensign of an Admiral in the Royal Navy. |
 | 1934–1958 | 1934–1948: Flag of the Flag Officer Commanding, Royal Indian Navy 1948–1950: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy 1950–1954: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy 1955–1958: Flag of the Chief of the Naval Staff, Indian Navy | Ensign of a Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy. |
 | 1928–1958 | 1928–1932: Flag of the Flag Officer Commanding and Director, Royal Indian Marine 1934–1950: Flag of a Flag Officer, Royal Indian Navy 1950–1958: Flag of a Flag Officer, Indian Navy | Ensign of a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy. |
Dominion of India
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1947–1950 | Flag of the Dominion of India | A horizontal tricolour of saffron at the top, white in the middle, and green at the bottom. In the centre is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1947–1950 | Flag of the Governor-General of India | Dark blue field emblazoned with the royal crest (a Tudor Crown surmounted by the lion of England, itself wearing the crown), beneath which was the word 'India' in gold majuscules. Similar to flags used by other Governors-General of Commonwealth realms. |
French India
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1667–1791 | Flag of the Kingdom of France | Flag of the Kingdom of France. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1791–1794 | 1791–1792: Flag of the Kingdom of France 1792–1794: Flag of the French First Republic | The flag of France. |
 | 1814-1815 1815–1830 | Flag of the Kingdom of France under the Bourbon Restoration | Flag of the Kingdom of France. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1794–1804, 1830–1940, 1944–1954 | 1794–1804: Flag of the French First Republic 1804–1814, 1815: Flag of the First French Empire 1830–1848; Flag of the Kingdom of France 1848–1852: Flag of the French Second Republic 1852–1870: Flag of the Second French Empire 1870–1940: Flag of the French Third Republic and French Empire 1944–1946: Flag of the Provisional Government of the Fourth French Republic 1946–1954: Flag of the French Fourth Republic and French Union | The flag of France. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1940–1944 | Flag of French India under Free France | Flag of Free France with the Cross of Lorraine |
Portuguese India
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | 1497–1521 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1521–1578 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1578–1616 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1616–1640 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1640–1667 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1667–1706 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1706–1750 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
 | 1816–1826 | Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. | |
| 1826–1830 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | |
.svg.png.webp) | 1830–1910 | Flag of the Kingdom of Portugal. | Vertical bicolour blue-white. Proportion of the fields: 1:1. |
 | 1910–1961 (de facto) 1910–1974 (de jure) | Flag of the Portuguese Republic. The final state flag of Portuguese India. | Used from the implantation of the Portuguese Republic in 1910. Officially used until 1974, as Portugal only then recognised the Annexation of Portuguese India. |
.svg.png.webp) | 1967 (proposed) | Proposed official flag for Portuguese India in 1967. | Proposal by F. P. de Almeida Langhans. Never actually used. |
Danish India
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1620–1869 | The flag of Denmark (Denmark-Norway until 1814) |
Indian Air Force rank flags
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1950–1980 | Marshal of the Indian Air Force | Never used. |
 | 1950–1980 | Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air Force | |
 | 1950–1980 | Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force | |
 | 1950–1980 | Air Vice Marshal of the Indian Air Force | |
 | 1950–1980 | Air Commodore of the Indian Air Force | |
 | 1950–1980 | Group Captain of the Indian Air Force | |
 | 1950–1980 | Wing Commander of the Indian Air Force | |
 | 1950–1980 | Squadron Leader of the Indian Air Force |
Indian Navy rank flags
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | 2001-2004 | Flag of the Indian Navy | |
.gif) | 2001-2004 | Flag of Admiral of the Fleet of the Indian Navy | Never used. |
.gif) | 2001-2004 | Flag of Admiral of the Indian Navy | |
.gif) | 2001-2004 | Flag of Vice Admiral of the Indian Navy | |
.gif) | 2001-2004 | Flag of Rear Admiral of the Indian Navy | |
.gif) | 2001-2004 | Flag of Commodore of the Indian Navy | |
.gif) | 2001-2004 | Flag of Senior Officer of the Indian Navy |
Political flags
Flags used in the Indian independence movement
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | 1906 | Calcutta flag | Three horizontal bands of equal width with the top being orange, the centre yellow, and the bottom green. It had eight half-opened lotus flowers on the top stripe, and a picture of the sun and a crescent moon on the bottom stripe. वन्दे मातरम् (Vande Mātaram) was inscribed in the centre in Devanagari. The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction of a new Indian flag that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country. The Vande Mataram flag, part of the Swadeshi movement against the British, comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The tricolour flag included eight white lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and the Vande Mataram slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in Calcutta bereft of any ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary governmental or political reports either, but was used at the annual session of the Indian National Congress. A slightly modified version was subsequently used by Madam Bhikaji Cama at the Second Socialist International Meeting in Stuttgart. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian nationalists.[17] |
.svg.png.webp) | 1907 | Early Indian nationalist flags [Note 1] | |
 | |||
 | 1917 | Flag of the Home Rule Movement[Note 2] | Five red and four green horizontal stripes On the upper left quadrant was the Union Jack, which signified the Dominion status that the movement sought to achieve. A crescent and a star, both in white, are set in top fly. Seven white stars are arranged as in the Saptarishi constellation (the constellation Ursa Major), which is sacred to Hindus. |
 | 1921 | Gandhi's flag, introduced at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1921 | |
 | 1931–1947 | The Swaraj Flag, officially adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1931 | |
| 1943–1945 | Flag of the Azad Hind Imperial Japanese puppet government for India and the Indian National Army between 1943 and 1945 | |
 | 1942–1945 | Flag of the Indian Legion of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany | Three horizontal strips of saffron, white, and green, with a springing tiger in the centre. |
Former national flag proposals
| Flag | Date | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
.svg.png.webp) | Proposed in 1904, used in April 1910 | Flag proposed in an issue of an Anglo-Indian weekly.[20] | Dark blue, green and light blue triband with a purple band at the hoist depicting the Orion constellation. A thin red border surrounds the whole flag. |
 | Proposed in 1947 | Louis Mountbatten's proposed flag for India.[21] | The Swaraj flag with a small Union Flag in the canton. |
See also
Notes
- Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformist and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. The flag consisted of a thunderbolt in the centre and a hundred and eight oil lamps for the border, with the Vande Mataram caption split around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1906.[18] Soon, many other proposals were initiated, but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement.
- In 1916, Suraiya Tayyabji submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of Madras. These many proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag movement alive. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag as part of the Home Rule Movement. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in Coimbatore banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.[19]
References
- Das, Chand N. (1984). Traditions and Customs of the Indian Armed Forces. Vision Books. p. 53.
- "Should States have their own flags?". The Hindu. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- "'Non-NDA states playing emblem politics to cover up their failure'". 14 July 2018.
- "Flag Code of India - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- Haynes, Ed (24 September 1996). "Jammu and Kashmir (India)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- "When Tamil Nadu proposed a State flag nearly five decades ago". Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- "Karnataka government unveils the state flag, awaits Centre's approval". hindustantimes.com/. 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
- Ben Cahoon. "Indian states since 1947". worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- "Vexilla Mundi". vexilla-mundi.com. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
- "Arunachal: New Pema Khandu govt to revamp education, law & order - EastMojo".
- "AMIT SINGH on Facebook". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-04-30.
- "Arunachal: New Pema Khandu govt to revamp education, law & order - EastMojo". 3 June 2019.
- "Ladakh mountaineer successfully summits Mt Everest | the Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India".
- http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/a/zoomify55414.html
- Kadam, Vasant S. (1993), Maratha Confederacy: A Study in Its Origin and Development, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, p. 128, ISBN 978-81-215-0570-3
- "Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs". www.sikhmuseum.com. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- Virmani, Arundhati (August 1999). "National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March–August 1923". Past & Present. 164 (164): 175–176. doi:10.1093/past/164.1.169. JSTOR 651278.
- Roy 2006, pp. 498–499
- Virmani 1999, pp. 176–177
- Dipesh Navsaria (July 27, 1996). "Indian Flag Proposals". Flags of the World. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
- Dipesh Navsaria (July 27, 1996). "Indian Flag Proposals". Flags of the World. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
External links
- "India - Index of all Pages".
- "Indian Ensigns".
- "British Rule in India".
- "India: Historical Flags". Flags of the World. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
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