LGBT representation in American adult animation

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) representation in American adult animation has been ongoing for years. In the 1990s and 2000s, gay and transgender characters appeared in The Simpsons, South Park, Family Guy, and The Nutshack, while in the 2010s and 2020s lesbian characters appeared in series such as Brickleberry and Final Space. In later years, bisexual characters appeared in Bob's Burgers. At the same time, American Dad! and Drawn Together had pansexual characters, while The Cleveland Show and Rick and Morty had characters which were implied to be pansexual. Other prominent adult animations with LGBTQ characters included Queer Duck, The Venture Bros., The Awesomes, Archer, Harley Quinn, Invincible, Tuca & Bertie, Magical Girl Friendship Squad, and Star Trek: Lower Decks.

Lesbian characters
See also: List of lesbian characters in animation

Adult animated series have occasionally featured lesbian characters. They primarily appeared in The Venture Bros., Brickleberry, Final Space, and Star Trek: Lower Decks, among many other series.

In The Venture Bros., Virginia "Ginnie" Dunne, who is Dr. Quymn's bodyguard, is very masculine, and a reported "man-hater."[1] In the episode "Dr. Quymn, Medicine Woman," she is shown to be a lesbian[2] who is trying to convert Dr. Quymn. Brickleberry would introduce a character named Constance Beatrice "Connie" Cunaman.[3] She is a lesbian park ranger who challenged the homophobia of her parents and was obsessed with Ethel.[4][5] The show's creators confirmed this assessment in an interview.[6]

Another show that became very prominent was Bojack Horseman, airing from 2014 to 2020 on Netflix features a few lesbian characters. For instance, Kelsey Jannings reveals she had an ex-wife in the episode "Later."[7] The show also featured a married lesbian couple, Mary-Beth and Dr Indria.[8]

In the Final Space episode, "Forgiveness," on May 8, 2021, Ash Graven meets a genderless being named Evra, voiced by Jasmin Savoy Brown. Evra becomes Ash's friend and helps her "take her anger out," with both sitting and watching a formation of lights like the aurora borealis together.[9][10] Her relationship with Evra makes clear her sexual orientation as a lesbian woman,[11] in addition to being angry at a man named Jordan Hammerstein, in the episode "Arachnitects," for rejecting her at prom. Rogers, in a podcast about the episode "Forgiveness" that David Sacks, who wrote the episode, came from a place of "two souls connecting to each other" and noted that if the show had fourth season, they would have expand on the relationship between Evra and Ash.[12] However, the series was cancelled on September 10, 2021, before it could ever happen.[13] One reviewer argued that having Ash as a lesbian character was "one of the best representations of LGBTQ characters in mature animation for some time," as shown in the episode "Forgiveness," and saying she is a lesbian, not "ambiguously bi."[14] The reviewer also noted that Ash, even as an antagonist, does not "fulfill common stereotypes or tropes," comparing her experience to the manipulation of Cassandra in the final season of Tangled by Zhan Tiri, saying both are complex characters who experience trauma and have "troubled pasts," with Invictus exploiting Ash's Trauma triggers. The review ends by noting Ash's development through the series, with Evra helping her grow, and hoping the series would "move forward mature animation in a better and more inclusive direction" if there was another season.

The creator of Star Trek: Lower Decks, Mike McMahan, in October 2020, confirmed that Captain Amina Ramsey was Beckett Mariner's former lover at Starfleet Academy, even though it wasn't explicit, saying that "every Starfleet officer is probably at the baseline bisexual" in a sense, and that they did not "intentionally mean for anybody to be strictly heteronormative or straight or cis." However, he promised to do better in the show's second season, saying they would dig into it more, saying that the show could, in the future, more explicitly state "things that the writers always knew about Mariner."[15] The series also has another lesbian character Jennifer Sh'reyan, an Andorian woman who starts out as Mariner's rival. In the episode "I Excretus", she made out with Ensign Barnes in the Naked Time simulator. In the season 2 finale "First First Contact", Jen starts hooking up with Mariner.[16]

On November 7, 2021, Arcane, aimed at a "16+" audience like the League of Legends video game it is based on,[17] premiered on Netflix. In the series, Caitlyn Kiramman, a recurring character, is attracted to Vi, a woman from the undercity, despite their different circumstances. Show writer Amanda Overton said that the relationship between Caitlyn and Vi is "naturally developing," with writers honoring the lived experiences of both characters.[18] Overton said that in Piltover, where Caitlyn lives, there is no word for describing those who are gay or any homophobia, meaning that Caitlyn could "marry any gender or race suitor," with such a person becoming "part of her house."[19] Additionally, in the episode "Everybody Wants to Be My Enemy", Vi tells Caitlyn "you’re hot, Cupcake." Overton said that this line was added to bring clarity to her character and showed that she loves women.[20] In the show's ninth episode, Vi's sister, Jinx, describes Caitlyn as Vi's girlfriend, and Vi becomes closer to Caitlyn. The show was renewed for a second season on November 20.[21]

Assorted lesbian characters appeared in The Simpsons, Family Guy, South Park, The Awesomes, Bob's Burgers, Moral Orel. Queer Duck, The Goode Family and Disenchantment among others. For example, The Simpsons has a lesbian character named Patty Bouvier,[22] the sister of Marge Bouvier, who is Homer's wife. It wouldn't be until February 20, 2005, in the episode "There's Something About Marrying" that Patty would come out as lesbian. Family Guy featured a one-time lesbian character named Sarah[23] who mistakes Meg's sentences as invitations to have sex.[24] Ms. Ellen in South Park is a lesbian teacher.[25][26] Hulu's The Awesomes features a supervillain, Tomboy, originally presenting as Gadget Gal's nemesis, she is outed in "Baby Got Backstory", as using the feud to cope with her own romantic feelings for her, in episodes like "Baby Got Backstory."[27] A lesbian limousine driver named Nat Kinkle, whose ex-girlfriend runs an animal sanctuary, appeared in episodes of Bob's Burgers.[28] Stephanie Foamwire-Putty is a lesbian character in Moral Orel who's revealed to have fallen in unrequited love with her old high school best friend, Kim Latchkey.[29] Melissa Duckstein, is Adam's sister, is occasionally revealed to be lesbian throughout Queer Duck.[30] She is in a relationship with Yvette, in episodes such as "Homo for the Holidays," and the movie. In an episode of ABC's The Goode Family, "A Tale of Two Lesbians", on June 19, 2009, there were two lesbian couples: Mo and Trish, Souki and Jenn.[31][32] GLAAD praised this show, noting that Mo and Trish were recurring characters.[33] Disenchantment features Mora, who is the current love interest of Princess Bean.[34][35] Appearing in Q-Force, Deb is a mechanic and guru with gadgets. She has a wife, 16 rescue dogs, and pretends to work at a place called Pep Boys when not part of the Q-Force. She is voiced by lesbian actress Wanda Sykes.[36] The "Council of Sisters" members Striga and Morana in Castlevania, are a lesbian couple.[37] In Big Mouth, Dina is a recurring character in the show and was Shannon's love interest until she dumped Shannon in season 3.[38] It also features Lena Foreman, Missy's cousin who is in a relationship with another woman.[39] She is voiced by lesbian actress Lena Waithe.[40][41] In F is for Family, Eileen Murphy is Frank X. Murphy's sister. She becomes Ginny Throater's lover in the fifth and final season.[42]

Gay characters
See also: List of gay characters in animation

Adult animations have often featured gay characters over the years. The Simpsons, which began in 1989, and South Park, which began in 1997, have many of the gay characters in such animations. While the 2020s series, The Great North, which had a gay protagonist, was one of the many adult animations with gay characters in the 2020s, along with those in the 2000s and 2010s.

The Simpsons
Matt Groening, who created Futurama and The Simpsons, at the 2009 Comic Con in San Diego

The first episode of The Simpsons, on December 17, 1989, featured a gay character, Waylon Smithers, named after gay puppeteer Wayland Flowers.[43][44] However, like other shows at the time, The Simpsons approached the subject gingerly, not drawing much attention to the sexuality of Smithers,[45] as he remained in the closet, officially, until 2016.[46]

The often teased the sexual orientation of Smithers, like when he rode a float called "Stayin’ in the Closet!" during the annual gay pride parade in Springfield in the episode "Jaws Wired Shut" in January 2002.[47] In The Simpsons episode, "The Burns Cage", which aired on FOX on November 13, 2018, Smithers came out, officially, as gay.[48][49] Although some called the episode disappointing,[50] or critical of Smithers as a form of gay representation,[51][52] others cited it as an example of how LGBTQ+ characters in television had become more accepted.[53][54][55]

The episode, "Homer's Phobia", February 16, 1997, featured John Waters, a gay filmmaker. In the episode he voices a gay male character who helps Homer Simpson confront his homophobia.[56] The episode also pokes at general homophobia in U.S. society as a whole.[46] The episode, which aired two months before Ellen DeGeneres came out as a lesbian on her sitcom, Ellen,[57] came during a time there were unspoken limits on what LGBTQ content could be shown on TV.[46] It was an improvement from Simpson and Delilah in October 1990, which featured a stylish assistant, Karl, who helped Homer, whose sexuality is never mentioned even though the person voicing him (Harvey Fierstein) is a gay playwright,[58][59][60] In the episode, Karl and Homer kiss in what some say is the first animated male-male kiss to air on network television, prior to the gay kiss in the May 2000 Dawson's Creek episode, "True Love".[61] Creator Matt Groening, when asked in a 1991 interview if Karl was gay, said "he's whatever you want him to be" and added that including Karl was "beyond any other cartoon," even though some gay viewers were disappointed that the character didn't identify himself as gay.[62] Some argued that "Homer's Phobia" did more, in terms of awareness and exposing intolerance, than "any live action show at the time."[63] The Simpsons also had a stereotypical on-and-off-again gay couple, Grady and Julio.[64]

South Park

In the fourth episode of South Park, "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride", a flamboyant homosexual man named Big Gay Al, who ran an animal sanctuary with gay animals, appears.[65] In the course of the show, Big Gay Al would openly display his homosexuality and be an open advocate for gay rights. Despite this array of characters,[47] the show made it clear that cartoons are not only for kids, like The Simpsons, but it did not counter the idea that it is "inappropriate to expose kids to the existence of queer people."[66] In later years, the show would introduce the boyfriend of Mrs. Garrison (Mr. Slave),[67] while Bradley in South Park has a crush on another male character, Butters.[68]

Big Gay Al would also be described as a "stereotypical gay man" who teaches those in South Park about the evils of homophobia through history, and would be said to be "delightful," educating pet owners on the "evils of homophobia" in his debut episode.[69][70] In the episode, Stan says "Gay is Ok!" and brings people to Big Gay Al's gay animal sanctuary.[71] Literature and queer studies scholar James Keller would critically analyze the series saying that it has moderate liberal beliefs and queer sensibilities, along with homophobic bias, even punitive against celebrities who advocate for gay rights like Barbra Streisand. Keller also pointed to the libertarian beliefs of Stone and Parker, with laissez-faire approach to LGBTQ discrimination and rights, affecting the show's narrative choices and creating even-handed views of issues which have diametrically opposed sides. On the other hand, he stated that while the show can be seen as "homophobic in its surface and its context," possible leading to less outcry from the LGBTQ community, the show's three principle gay characters are "caricatures," the word "gay" is used by the protagonists to label each other, even though none of them are gay, and argued that interpreting the show from a queer perspective can recuperate the "residual homophobia" of the show.[72]

In later years Craig Tucker and Tweek Tweak were confirmed as a gay couple,[73][74] Saddam Hussein and Satan were a gay couple.[75][71] Both broke up later in the series. Satan and Saddam would be described as some of the show's most "unsympathetic characters," and that that show rarely presents homosexuals "who are easy to like." Even so, Satan, who showed vanity and selfishness, was said to be sympathetic, even with a muscular exterior, while effeminate, passive, and sensitive, while Saddam is the "dominant and sexually exploitative one," and their relationship is said to be 'funny" since it "emulates a heterosexual couple."[76] Satan, Hussein, and Big Gay Al would all appear in the 1999 film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut. In that film, gender is integral to the plot, as Stan is told by Chef he needs to find the clitoris if he wants Wendy to like him, and he thinks that this is a different creature separate from the female himself, specifically "an oracle to consult in the effort to discover the secret to male-female relations."[77] Others would note that the film's original title was rejected for having the word "hell" but when the title was changed, MPAA approved it.[78]

In July 1999, in an episode of South Park, "Two Guys Naked in a Hot Tub," the dads of Kyle and Stan masturbate one another in a hot tub.[79]

The Great North

The FOX adult animated sitcom, The Great North, has an openly gay character: Ham Tobin, played by Paul Rust, is the middle son of Beef Tobin.[80] Ham is a teen trying to find their place in the world and comes out to his family as gay, even though he did so in the past.[81] He eventually gets into a relationship with Crispin Cienfuegos, a teen that his sister Judy previously had a crush on until she realized that he is gay.[82]

In March 2021, Taylor Henderson of Pride.com interviewed a gay staff writer on the series, Charlie Kelly, who told her that it is "really exciting" to work on something where queerness of characters is not "a source of drama or emotional tension" and was blown away by the pilot in having a "super-evolved, grounded take on a gay teen."[83] Kelly praised the kiss between Ham and Crispin, saying it might be a "first for primetime animation in terms of a real gay kiss" and to have a gay character in the main cast of a broadcast animation, adding that having gay love stories on television with a focus on romance and not "shame, bullying, sickness, or family strife is important," saying that showing positive outcomes for queer characters is vital.

Assorted series

Crapston Villas aired on Channel 4, a British broadcasting channel, in the 1990s, This show would be one of the first animated series on British television to present openly gay characters, specifically Robbie and Larry.[84][85] Clone High, which aired on MTV and Teletoon from 2002 to 2003, featured a gay couple: the foster dads of JFK, named Wally and Carl in Clone High.[86] Phil and Chris would say they are gay lovers if it was "convenient."[87]

Space Ghost Coast to Coast, included a gay character. On December 25, 1994, Lokar, a locust alien and member of the Council of Doom, was introduced in the Space Ghost Coast to Coast Christmas special A Space Ghost Christmas. Supplementary material for the series had Lokar referred to himself as a Confirmed bachelor while an article on the official Cartoon Network website featured a reference to a slang word for gay sex.[88][89] His sexuality was confirmed in audio commentaries for the Space Ghost Coast to Coast Volume 2 DVD and it was revealed that Lokar died at some point during the series.[90][91] However this was eventually contradicted when Lokar returned in the Season 11 episode "Stephen" in where he is shown to be alive and well.

The Oblongs features Biff who is implied to be gay.[92] He was confirmed to be gay in a bonus feature from The Oblongs Complete Series DVD.[93]

Adult Swim Headquarters on Williams Street in Atlanta, GA in late April 2019

In The Venture Bros., Colonel Horace Gentleman is always, openly, and proudly gay.[94] However, he has an ex-wife, Mz. Quymn, as indicated in the episode "Dr. Quymn, Medicine Woman," and a former lover, Kiki, shown in the episode "Past Tense," who he lived with at his home in Tangiers, Morocco for years. Also, The Alchemist and Shore Leave were in an on-again, off-again relationship, shown in episodes such as "Fallen Arches." According to the show creators, The Alchemist is gay in a way that is "just incidental" while Shore Leave is a very "openly swishy queer proud guy."[94] Mission Hill, which aired on The WB from 1999 to 2000 and Adult Swim in 2002, Gus Duncz and Wally Langford, a gay elderly couple in their late 60s, even winning an award from GLAAD for this representation.[95]

Queer Duck, which premiered on Icebox, and later streamed on Showtime, was the first U.S. animated TV series to have homosexuality as a major theme,[96] It was produced by Mike Reiss, a producer of Simpsons and The Critic.[97] beginning in 2000. It was received positively by some in the LGBTQ+ community since it had lesbian, gay, and bisexual characters. This included Adam Seymour Duckstein, the main character of the series. He is presented as a stereotypical gay duck[98] and has been a victim of gay bashing.[96] However, in the series finale, he wakes up to discover that he had sex with a woman. Steven Arlo Gator was Queer Duck's significant other,[96] and latter married Queer Duck in a Jewish Wedding in Vermont in one episode, "Wedding Bell Blues."

Like The Simpsons, Family Guy, which also aired on FOX, had various gay characters. Jasper was the gay cousin of the series protagonist[99] and there was a gay pedophile named Herbert.[100][101] The show also featured an effeminate man named Bruce.[100]

Xandir P. Wifflebottom, a "young video game warrior, is labeled as a "totally gay video game adventurer" during the first episode of Drawn Together and is on and on a never-ending quest to save his girlfriend.[102][103][104] In a later episode, "Gay Bash," he comes to terms with his homosexuality after having his arm bitten off by the Wood Beast, a creature that determines a person's sexuality by biting off the arms of homosexuals and keeping the arms of heterosexuals intact.[105] In another episode, "Xandir and Tim, Sitting in a Tree," Xandir has an affair with Captain Hero's gay alter ego, Tim Tommerson. Freak Show, an adult animated series that centered on a superhero team called The Freak Squad, featured Log Cabin Republican, a gay conservative whose superpower was called Burly Bear.[106]

Rick & Steve: The Happiest Gay Couple in All the World aired on Logo TV from 2007 to 2009. It was a satiric comedy which featured the "only Filipino-American and gay lead character on television" at the time.[107] It would feature a lesbian couple and two gay couples. During the series, the gay couple Rick Brocka, a Filipino-American, and Steve Ball have a baby with the lesbian couple Dana and Kirsten.[108][109] Chuck Masters and Evan Martinez are a male gay couple as indicated in episodes like "Mom Fight," with Chuck helping Evan with his drug addiction.[110][111] Dana Bernstein and Kirsten Kellogg additionally have a baby with the gay couple, Rick and Steve.[108]

Woodhouse, the personal valet of Archer in Archer,[112] is of ambiguous sexuality. He had a romantic and sexual attraction to another man, Reggie, during the First World War, but it has not been specified whether he has ever had any sexual feelings for anyone since Reggie's death.[113] After his voice actor, George Coe passed away, the show did a tribute to Woodhouse,[114] who later had a funeral, becoming a plot thread followed up on in the show's eighth season.[115] In the same series, Ray Gillette is an openly gay secret agent, and a former Olympic medalist in skiing.[116][117]

Hulu's The Awesomes had two gay characters. One was Zip Danger / "Frantic", a "crazy fast" reject from a circus show,[118][119] who is forcibly outed under media pressure in "The Awesomes' Awesome Show."[120] He later falls for Christopher, a member of villain team The Gay Mafia. Then there is The Gayfather, the leader of villain team The Gay Mafia, including members like Christopher and Steven, who makes his debut in "The Gayfather".[121] Christopher falls for Frantic immediately upon meeting him, and sabotages his team's efforts as a result.

Freedom Fighters: The Ray aired on CW Seed from 2017 to 2018. The show would feature a gay superhero, Ray, and his gay friend, John. In an early episode, Ray would fail to ask a man on a date,[122] and would struggle in coming out to conservative parents,[123] and in a later episode, Jacob would become his lover.

In an episode of Harley Quinn, Clayface, a member of Harley's villain crew, was revealed as gay character who had a crush on a male student.[124][125] Crossing Swords features Ruben, Patrick's brother. He is revealed to be gay when he is shown having sex with Holden in the episode "The A-Moooo-Zing Race".

The adult animated Amazon Prime Video series, Invincible, which began in late March 2021, included a gay character, William Francis Clockwell. He is Mark Grayson's best friend who has a crush on Mark's dad Omni-Man and is voiced by openly gay actor Andrew Rannells.[126] In the episode "You Look Kinda Dead", he visits his ex-boyfriend Rick Sheridan (voiced by Jonathan Groff) who goes to Upstate University. Rick is turned into a cyborg by young mad scientist DA Sinclair.[127]

The protagonist of Q-Force, leading a "team of fellow LGBTQ super-spies",[128] is Steve Maryweather. Otherwie known as Agency Mary, the team of LGBTQ spies, consists of a drag disguise master (Twink), a skilled mechanic (Deb), and a hacker (Stat), later working with a straight man named Agent Buck.[128][36] He is voiced by Sean Hayes, a gay actor who is the show's creator.[36] Benji is a gay man who is the love interest of Mary and is often in danger due to his closeness to the Q-Force.[129]

Gen:Lock features Robert Sinclair who is revealed to be gay in season 2.[130]

The HBO Max series, Santa Inc. includes a few gay characters Jingle Jim and Dr. Almolds.[131] Jingle Jim also has a Snow Angel lover; while Dr. Almonds mentions his husband and quadruplets in the episode "Cracks in the Peppermint Ceiling Part 1". Jingle Jim is voiced by gay actor and comedian Joel Kim Booster and Dr. Almolds is voiced by gay actor John Cameron Mitchell.

In an episode of Disenchantment, "Castle Party Massacre", it is hinted that Odval and Sorcerio are secretly in a gay relationship, as they secretly host a magic and sex cult when King Zøg is away. IndieWire reviewer Michael Schneider wrote that Sorcerio and Odval have been "a couple for a long time."[132] Another reviewer pointed to an implied gay relationship between two other characters.[133]

Gay characters also prominently appeared in BoJack Horseman. Hollyhock, a female teenage horse and Bojack's sister, has eight adoptive fathers (Dashawn Manheim, Steve Mannheim, Jose Guerrero, Cupe Robinson III, Otto Zilberschlag, Arturo "Ice Man" Fonzerelli, Gregory Hsung, and Quackers McQuack) in a consensual polyamorous gay relationship.[134] With this, some critics praised the show for portraying homosexuality in a realist fashion.[47] The show also featured a gay therapist of Bojack, Doctor Champ,[135] and a closeted gay man named Herb Kazaaz."[7]

Super Drags, a Brazilian show, also centered on gay characters. The show focuses on Donizete, Patrick, and Ralph, three gay friends working in a department store,[136] who are also drag queen superheroes, named Scarlet Carmesim, Lemon Chifon, and Safira Cyan are the Super Drags, and are responsible for protecting the LGBTQ community.[137]

A mature adult animation, Hoops included a gay character named Scott on the school's basketball team.[138]

In Big Mouth, Matthew MacDell, a flamboyantly gay student with a love of drama and spreading gossip, who is in a relationship with Aiden, the latter introduced as his boyfriend in the Valentine's Day special, "My Furry Valentine."[139]

Castlevania included young Japanese man Taka, who is introduced in the third-season episode "The Reparation of My Heart," and near the season-finale, he and Sumi have sex with Alucard, and shown as gay.[140]

Close Enough features Randall "Randy" Watson who is revealed to be gay in the third season episode "Randy Free Solos". His sexuality was established as early as the 2017 pitch trailer which featured a scene in which he was creating a gift for his boyfriend.[141] Randy is voiced by gay actor James Adomian.

Tuca & Bertie includes a gay character Dapper Dog.[142] Dapper Dog is voiced by gay comedian John Early.

Chicago Party Aunt, based on a Twitter account of the same name, premiered on September 17, 2021. The series features two gay characters Diane Dubrowski's nephew Duncan, and Gideon, Diane's boss at Borough..[143][144] Gideon is voiced by drag queen RuPaul Charles.

F is for Family featured Greg Throater who was initially married to Ginny Throater and had two sons with her. However, it is clear that Greg is gay as he cheats on his wife with multiple men and wanted to get a divorce. His wife was in denial about it. In the season 2 episode "Pray Away", Greg comes out to her during a marital counseling session.[145] The couple eventually divorced in season 3. The fifth and final season introduced Louis, Sue's gay brother who was previously mentioned in earlier seasons. Louis is voiced by gay actor Neil Patrick Harris.[146]

One-time and short-lived characters
David X. Cohen at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con; he developed the Futurama series along with Matt Groening.

One-time and short-lived gay characters appeared in many series. Futurama, also created by Groening, had some one-time LGBTQ+ characters. This included Enos Fry and Old Man Waterfall who were killed off before the end of their respective episodes.[147][148] Jean Baptiste Le Ghei and Paul Guaye are inmates and a recurring couple as shown in the Superjail! episode "Superbar" and others. In an interview with the creators of the show, co-creator Christy Karacas called them well-rounded characters, who are a couple, with Paul as more feminine and intelligent than Jean who is "the bad boy."[149] In an episode of The Boondocks, aired in June 2015, many gay characters appeared, including Gangstalicious, a closet homosexual who goes to great lengths to keep his identity as a gay man hidden from the public.[150] Marquess of Queensbury, appeared on Mike Tyson Mysteries, which started on October 27, 2014. Eric Thurm of The A.V. Club argued that Marquess was a gay character[151] and he was based on a man named John Douglas, the 9th Marquess of Queensberry.

In The Cleveland Show, a spin-off of Family Guy, there are also gay characters. This included Lloyd Waterman, Cleveland's boss at Waterman Cables, is shown to be gay, despite been married to his wife, who is aware of his homosexuality. He is attracted to his employee, Terry, as indicated in the episode "Birth of a Salesman," and has a gay lover as shown in the episode "Who Done Did It?"[152] American Dad! also had a gay couple: Greg Corbin and Terry Bates, who were regular characters for many years.[153][154][155] King of the Hill featured an episode called My Own Private Rodeo[156] which was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award.[157]Braceface which aired on Teletoon and the Fox Family Channel, included a canon gay character named Mark "Dion" Jones.[158] The short-lived show, Allen Gregory, featured a gay father of the protagonist, Richard De Longpre, and his husband, Jeremy, who previously had a wife and children.[159][160] Phillip "Chozen" Cullens, a white, gay, aspiring rap superstar premiered in the FX series, Chozen. He was in a relationship with fratboy-type Hunter, with their relationship developing throughout the series.[161] An unnamed gay couple would appear in an episode of Duncanville[162] and in another episode, a male assistant of the Oakdale town mayor, Mayor Jen, mentions unnamed boyfriend.[163]

Bisexual characters
See also: List of bisexual characters in animation

Bisexual characters appeared in some adult animated series in the 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s.

1990s and 2000s

Sexually promiscuous Liane Cartman, the mother of Cartman in South Park, is a bisexual,[164] as is Stephen Stotch, who is a regular customer at the local gay theater & bath house.[165] Meg Griffin and Stewie Griffin, in Family Guy, would be confirmed as bisexual.[23][166]

Ling-Ling, an Asian trading-card mini-monster in Drawn Together is identified as bisexual by a parody of The Terminator in the episode "Wooldoor Sockbat's Giggle-Wiggle Funny Tickle Non-Traditional Progressive Multicultural Roundtable!"[102][104][105] Some scholars criticized Ling-Ling for being a stereotypical Asian character but also said that through him the audience can take a look at "the racist disposition of Western culture towards Eastern culture.".[105] Foxxy Love, a "sexy mystery-solver," in the same show, has relations with both men and women, but preferably with the former, as she makes out with Princess Clara in the show's first episode, and has a brief BDSM relationship with Captain Hero in another episode, "Requiem for a Reality Show."[104][102][105]

Moral Orel, first released December 2005, had various LGBTQ+ characters. Coach Daniel Stopframe was Orel's bisexual coach as well as Shapey's biological father,[29] Daniel lusts after their father, Clay,[167] and at one point has sex with three women and a dog in episodes like "The Blessed Union."

In Archer, Pam Poovey is the bisexual director of human resources.[168] In a behind-the-scenes feature, her voice actor, Amber Nash described Pam as "a sturdy bisexual".[169]

Sit Down, Shut Up was praised by GLAAD as one of the "LGBT-inclusive broadcast comedies."[170] In the show, Andrew is a flamboyant, and bisexual, Latino drama teacher whose last name in Spanish roughly translates to "he likes both", a reference to his sexual orientation.[171][172] He is in love with Larry Littlejunk and Miracle Grohe, with whom he hopes to get into a relationship should they become a couple.

Linda Memari, neighbor of the Smith family and a bisexual Iranian-American woman, appeared in episodes of American Dad!.[173]

2010s and 2020s

In the Rick and Morty episode "Total Rickall", Sleepy Gary is one of the dozens of aliens that alter the memories of Rick, Morty, Beth and Summer in order to pose as friends and family members.[174] Because of the fake memories, Beth believes herself to be married to Sleepy Gary, and Jerry believes he is having a secret affair with him.[175]

The creator of Final Space, Olan Rogers, told fans in 2020 that he always saw Clarence as bisexual.[176] Clarence, a recurring character, has an ex-wife, several since-deceased wives, two adopted children (Fox and Ash Graven), is implied to be in love with General Cataloupe, and has unrequited love on Sheryl Goodspeed. One reviewer argued that the death of Clarence was not unique because "over 50 characters have died during the course of the series."[14]

Kaley Cuoco speaking at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International in San Diego, California; she voices Harley Quinn in the series Harley Quinn.

The mature adult animated series titled Harley Quinn, broadcast on DC Universe and later on HBO Max, featured two bisexual characters. In the May 15, 2020 episode "There's No Place to Go But Down," Harley Quinn saved her partner-in-crime, Poison Ivy, both kissed each other after they escaped from prison.[177] The critic who reviewed the episode stated that Harley and Ivy's romance is "slow burn" one, adding that this love affair could turn into a "more realistic exploration of how it feels to fall in love with a friend or to have an awkward hookup with a workmate." In the season 2 finale. Poison Ivy had her wedding with Kite Man, a person she didn't love, interrupted. By the end of the episode, Harley Quinn and Ivy realize their feelings for each other, kissing and "finally embracing that they're soul mates" as Renaldo Metadeen of CBR put it.[178] Heather Hogan at Autostraddle added that the bisexual love of Ivy and Harley is canon, calling the second season "one of the most gratifying gay seasons of television" she has ever watched.[179] The series was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.[180]

The voice actor of Melissa Tartleton, on Hulu's M.O.D.O.K., Melissa Fumero, said, on April 27, 2021, that the bisexuality of the character she voices will be explored in the show's second season, including the introduction of her girlfriend.[181][182]

The season 2 premiere of Tuca and Bertie, titled Bird Mechanics, in June 2021, confirmed Tuca to be bisexual as she made out with a female bird mechanic.[183][184] From the episode "Nighttime Friend" on, she tries to get into a serious relationship with a woman named Kara.[185] Kara dumps Tuca in the season 2 finale "The Flood".[186]

Santa Inc. features Goldie, a reindeer who is a member of Santa Claus' "B-Team".[187] She mentions having sex with Prancer and his girlfriend in the first episode.

The Legend of Vox Machina features half-elf twins Vex'ahlia "Vex" de Rolo and Vax'ildan "Vax" Vessar.[188]

Big Mouth, which has aired on Netflix from 2017 to the present. Shannon Glaser, the mother of Jessi Glaser,[189] was married to her husband and did love him, but was shown to be secretly cheating on him by dating cantor Dina Reznick, another woman.[190] In October 2018, a protagonist on the show, Jay Bilzerian, came out as bisexual.[191] In the fifth season, Jessi Glaser is revealed to be bisexual just like her mother as she gets into a same-sex relationship with Ali.[192]

In the third part of Disenchantment, a show created by Matt Groening, creator of The Simpsons and Futurama, in January 2021, a protagonist, Princess Bean, was confirmed to be bisexual.[193] Bean, in the part 3 episode "Last Splash," has a same-sex kiss with the mermaid Mora.[34][35] In the previous season, Bean was shown to enjoy "the company of mermaids."[194] Earlier in the series, Elfo, a male elf, was her love interest.[195] Disenchantment is Matt Groening's first series to have an LGBT lead character, something she shares with her voice actress Abbi Jacobson.[196] Reviewers later said that was confirmed that Bean "is indeed queer" and that she likes mermaids[197] and noted deeper queer themes throughout the show.[133]

On March 10, 2020, Sam Deats, one of the directors of Castlevania confirmed that the half-vampire son of Dracula, Alucard, was bisexual.[198]

Paradise PD features Stanley Hopson. He is an elderly and perverted man who is on a sex offender list. While Stanley has had relationships with men as shown in the season 1 episode "Ass on the Line".[199] He also had a long-term relationship with a woman named Esmeralda in the episode "Police Academy".[200]

F is for Family features Ginny Throater. She comes out as bisexual in the fifth and final season and leaves her sons with Greg to be with her lesbian lover Eileen.[42]

Dota: Dragon's Blood features Fymrym. She is an Elven thief who stole lotuses from Nightsilver Woods, because of a prophecy involving her goddess Mene. She was in a polyamorous relationship with two men and a woman. Her partners were murdered by Luna.[201]

Transgender characters
See also: List of fictional trans characters § Animation
Loren Bouchard, who created Bob's Burgers, speaking at the 2016 WonderCon in Los Angeles, California

In the 1990s and 2000s, trans characters appeared in The Simpsons, Family Guy, and The Nutshack. For instance, The Simpsons features a trans female character named Brunella Pommelhorst.[64] And Ida Davis in Family Guy, would be a trans woman, introduced in the 2010 episode "Quagmire's Dad," who later become the "butt of many transmisogynistic and transphobic "jokes.""[202][203] A friendly and flirtatious Vietnamese trans woman, who runs a salon, named Cherry Pie, debuted in a Filipino-American adult animated sitcom, The Nutshack, which aired from 2007 to 2011 on Myx TV, and she was said to dominate "the Vietnamese Cross dressing scene."[204][205]

In later years, trans characters appeared in Bob's Burgers. Bob's Burgers featured a trans female sex worker named Marshmallow.[206]

Trans characters also appeared in Superjail! and The Oblongs. Superjail! included Alice, a hulking and muscular head prison guard of Superjail and a trans woman[207] who regularly engages in sadomasochistic rituals with the prisoners, and rebuffs The Warden's constant advances as shown in episodes like "Jailbot 2.0." On the other hand, The Oblongs, which showed on The WB and Adult Swim included a trans woman named Anita Bidet as a character.[208]

The fourth season Big Mouth dropped on Netflix on December 4, 2020. The season's first episode included a character named Natalie, who is a trans female teenager, highlights "various, popular transphobic arguments," while giving her a supportive friend named Jessi, and another named Seth, who rejects her identity, who she rejects.[209] Natalie also appears in Human Resources.

Pansexual characters
See also: List of fictional pansexual characters § Animated series

Various series feature pansexual characters, such as American Dad!, Drawn Together, The Cleveland Show, Rick and Morty and Big Mouth.

In a FOX (and later TBS) series, American Dad!, Roger, is a protagonist said to be pansexual,[210] due to the fact he assumed different aliases[211] and a carousel of seemingly-endless lives.[212] Captain Leslie Hero, a "brawny classic cartoon superhero," in Drawn Together, is shown to be sexually aroused, due to his erectile dysfunction, by an array of paraphilias and will have sex with anything and anyone.[104] He and Foxxy Love form a brief BDSM relationship in one episode, "Requiem for a Reality Show," and as his gay alter ego Tim Tommerson, has an affair with Xandir in another episode, "Xandir and Tim, Sitting in a Tree."[105][213]

Seth MacFarlane in 2012 at Comic Con. He created Family Guy, American Dad! and The Cleveland Show.

Pansexual characters were implied in The Cleveland Show and Rick and Morty. In an episode "Terry Unmarried,", of the Family Guy spinoff, The Cleveland Show, Terry Kimple, Cleveland's co-worker, marries his husband Paul, while they both try to bring gay marriage to Virginia, but are not successful.[214] In the same episode, Cleveland asks if Terry is gay; Terry answers no, much to Cleveland's cheer. But Terry replies he's attracted to multiple genders, much to Cleveland's dismay.[160][155] The season five Rick and Morty episode, "Mort inner Rick Andre," was confirmed that the father of Morty, Jerry Smith, is queer because he, and Beth, his wife, have a threesome with the King of the Ocean, otherwise known as Mr. Nimbus.[215] Jerry has feelings for Mr. Nimbus, and due to the fact he has a wife, it means he is either pansexual or bisexual, with both he and Beth in a "sex-positive place" in their relationship, according to Jerry's voice actor, Chris Parnell.[216] The fact he is queer was already hinted in the episode "Total Rickall."

Big Mouth introduced a pansexual character Ali. However, some criticized it as an oversimplification of the "relationship between private parts and gender identity," even as her existence was praised as putting the show ahead of "most television representations of sexual expression."[217]

Other LGBTQ characters
See also: List of fictional asexual characters § Animation and anime, List of fictional intersex characters § Animation and anime, and List of fictional non-binary characters § Anime and animation

There are also characters who fall outside the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and pansexual identities who appeared in adult animations.

Brother Ken appeared in bro'Town, from 2004 to 2009, which showed on New Zealand's TV3. Ken was the school principal and is fa'afafine. The latter is a Samoan concept for a third gender,[218] a person who is born biologically male but is raised and sees themself as female. Because the concept does not readily translate, when the series was broadcast on Adult Swim Latin America, a decision was made not to translate Samoan words and just present them as part of the "cultural journey".[219]

South Park, Bob's Burgers, and Final Space also have queer characters. Herbert Garrison in South Park, originally presented as a closeted homosexual, would be afforded storylines which featured Garrison coming out as a gay man, then having a gender reassignment surgery to become female (known as Janet Garrison), becoming a lesbian, and then changing back to a man.[220] It is shown he still has feelings for his ex-boyfriend, Mr. Slave as shown in the episode "Follow That Egg!" Dalton Crespin, who had a boyfriend for a short period of time, who may be gay or bisexual, appeared in episodes of Bob's Burgers.[221] In the Final Space episode "The Closer You Get," the character Tribore tells another character, Shannon, that "he is in love with his other half", because his species flips gender twice a year. Ajay Aravind, writing for Screen Rant, calls this "an amazing non-binary bit of the episode".[222] Series creator Olan Rogers later described Tribore as "narcissi-sexual" because he "loves himself a little too much."[176]

In the season 3 finale of BoJack Horseman, "That Went Well," Todd Chavez confides in his friend Emily that he doesn't think he is either straight or gay, and in fact "might be nothing". He explores the identity further in season 4 and accepts his asexuality, while meeting others who share his orientation.[223][224]

The FOX animation, Duncanville, would feature the protagonist, Duncan, having a crush on his genderfluid classmate, Mia, who works at a pizzeria and sticks her finger in each pizza to "silently protest the company’s anti-gay stance."[225] The creators of Hulu's Solar Opposites, Justin Roiland and Mike McMahan, confirmed, in March 2021, that Korvo and Terry are a romantic couple in a committed relationship.[226] Roiland also described both as genderless aliens which asexually reproduce but are not asexual.[227]

SYFY's pilot series, Magical Girl Friendship Squad: Origins features two women, Alex and Daisy, with the latter sleeping with a woman during the show. The series appeared in a new iteration on September 26, named Magical Girl Friendship Squad and with some new cast members and longer episodes.[228][229] In the latter show, Daisy is unambiguously queer as she has slept with "every barista" at the local coffee shop.[230] In the second and third episodes of the main show, "The Cool S" and "Agony Solstice", a sticker with the transgender pride flag is shown on Daisy's laptop. She is later shown to have an ex-girlfriend in the fourth episode, "Anti-Fungal Spit Skanks," a classic-style anime character, named Yolanda,[231][232] who works at urgent care center in the city. Additionally, in the episode "The Real World," Pansy, who calls herself Daisy's "monogamous live-in girlfriend" is introduced, but she only exists in the dimension created by Nut's sister, Gloriana.

On November 1, 2020, Hallie Cantor, a writer for Magical Girl Friendship Squad, responded to a question on whether Daisy is trans, stated that they hadn't yet "identified her as trans or cis,"[233] implying that she could either be a cisgender lesbian or trans lesbian. On December 4, 2020, Krystal Downs, director for Magical Girl Friendship Squad said that Daisy is lesbian in a tweet.[234] However, Anna Akana, who voiced Daisy, said that Daisy is a cisgender bisexual woman like herself, and dismissed comments by fans saying that Daisy was transgender, saying that implication was incorrect.[235]

Star Trek: Lower Decks features Andy Billups who is implied to be asexual in the season 2 episode "Where Pleasant Mountains Lie".[236] The following episode "I, Excretus", had Billups not participating in any sex act in the Naked Time simulator.

In the fourth episode of gen:LOCK, Val/entina Romanyszyn reveals they are genderfluid.[237] Creators of the show originally approached Tatiana Maslany to voice the part, because she voiced lesbian and trans characters in Orphan Black. However, Maslany told them that "trans actors should play trans parts." Due to her decision and encouragement to look for trans actors, leading Rooster Teeth to bring in Asia Kate Dillon to voice Val.[238] On September 26, 2020, it was confirmed that gen:LOCK, which featured Val, would be returning for a second season.[239] In episode 12, they are revealed to be pansexual.[240]

The Legend of Vox Machina features Keyleth of the Air Ashari and Scanlan Shorthalt who are both queer.[188][241]

See also

References

Citations
  1. Lowe, Scott (July 8, 2008). "The Venture Bros.: "Dr. Quymn, Medicine Woman" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  2. Reed, Phil (July 7, 2008). "The Venture Bros.: Dr. Quymn, Medicine Woman". Noise to Signal. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  3. "Countdown to Brickleberry: Meet the Characters - Connie". Comedy Central tumblr. September 19, 2012. Archived from the original on August 11, 2020.
  4. Glarum, Silvert (March 6, 2020). "5 Reasons Why Paradise PD is Better than Brickleberry (& 5 Reasons Vice Versa)". CBR. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020.
  5. Abercombie, Chelsey (October 10, 2013). "'Brickleberry' producers miss Barberitos, among other Athens specialties". The Red & Black. Archived from the original on December 4, 2018.
  6. Kate Leth (w). "Brickleberry: A Joint Interview With Creators Waco O'Guin and Roger Black [column"] Vampirella 3: 24 (May 4, 2016), United States: Dynamite Entertainment
  7. Schwartz, John (August 16, 2016). "Bojack Horseman comes out of the stable". The Queerness. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  8. Campbell, Les (October 4, 2019). "It's the adventures of BoBo The Angsty Zebra as BoJack Horseman lightly upends its storytelling framework". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 2, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  9. Abughazaleh, Zeid (May 11, 2021). "Final Space: Ash Struggles With [SPOILER]'s Death". CBR. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  10. Kaldor, David (May 9, 2021). "Review: Final Space "Forgiveness"". BubbleBlabber. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  11. "Final Space Season 3 Episode 8 Review". Toonami Squad. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  12. Gabe Jones (May 11, 2021). "Into Final Thoughts with Olan Rogers - Episode Eight". Into Final Space (Podcast). Apple Podcasts. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  13. Perine, Aaron (September 10, 2021). "Final Space Third And Final Season Coming To Netflix". Comicbook. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021.
  14. Hermann, Burkely (June 30, 2021). "LGBTQ Representation Shines Through in Final Space". The Geekiary. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  15. McMahan, Mike (October 8, 2020). "'Star Trek: Lower Decks' EP Mike McMahan On That TNG Cameo and LGBTQ Characters in Season 2" (Online). Variety (Interview). Interviewed by Adam B. Vary. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  16. McMahan, Mike (October 15, 2021). "Star Trek: Lower Deck's Mike McMahan Breaks Down Season 2's Themes and That Epic Finale" (Online) (Interview). Interviewed by Mike McMahan. Gizmodo. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  17. "Riot Games reveals details about Arcane animated series". Daily Esports. October 16, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  18. Overton, Amanda (November 19, 2021). "I know this won't change the frustration you've felt over the many years of investment in Vi and Caitlyn, and I'm sorry it made you so tired, especially when you seem to love them so much..." /r/Arcane. Reddit. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021. She confirmed that this is her account on Twitter
  19. Overton, Amanda (November 19, 2021). "Another fun fact for you (since I happen to know the "unknowns" in your very thoughtful comment), Caitlyn's Kiramman name and house is inherited matrilineally..." /r/Arcane. Reddit. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  20. Overton, Amanda (November 19, 2021). "Hey there! Thanks so much for this post, it means the world to me..." /r/Arcane. Reddit. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  21. Bankhurst, Adam. "Arcane, Netflix's League of Legends Animated Series, Is Officially Getting a Second Season". IGN. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  22. GLAAD 2005, p. 2.
  23. MacFarlane, Seth (2005). Family Guy season 4 DVD commentary for the episode "Brian Sings and Swings" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  24. Budke, Ryan J. (January 9, 2006). "Family Guy: Brian Sings and Swings". TV Squad. Archived from the original on January 11, 2006. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
  25. Casey, Patrick (November 28, 2002). "Hollywood Squares". Westword. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  26. Owen, Rob (1998-01-31). ""South Park" surge Heigh-di-ho! The hippest show on TV has become a cult phenomenon". The Times Union. Albany, New York. p. D1.
  27. Ihnat, Gwen (September 11, 2016). "The Awesomes". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  28. Chappell, Les (March 22, 2020). "Nat the limo driver returns to take Bob's Burgers on a delightful road trip". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  29. SunnyAgo (April 11, 2014). "Moral Orel: Repression in Moralton". The Artifice. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  30. Terrace, Vincent (2015). Internet Lesbian and Gay Television Series, 1996-2014. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 152. ISBN 978-0786498055.
  31. Hogan, Heather (June 19, 2009). ""The Goode Family" makes good with lesbians". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2020. Hogan would go on to write for Autostraddle later.
  32. GLAAD 2008, p. 3, 7, 11.
  33. GLAAD 2008, p. 18.
  34. Griffin, David (January 15, 2021). "Disenchantment: Season 3 Review". IGN. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  35. Bedard, Mike (January 20, 2021). "The Adventure Comedy Series Everyone's Binging On Netflix". Looper. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  36. Hipes, Patrick (June 23, 2021). "Netflix's 'Q-Force' Rounds Out Cast Joining Sean Hayes, Sets Premiere Date; Watch Teaser Trailer". Deadline. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  37. Kit, Borys (March 5, 2020). "How Warren Ellis and the 'Castlevania' Team Made Season 3 a "Philosophical Journey"". Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  38. West, Amy (March 30, 2020). "Big Mouth cast reunite to give fans a new look at 'How to Have an Orgasm' episode". Digital Spy. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  39. Ariano, Tara (December 11, 2020). "Big Mouth: The Netflix Show's Top 20 Guest Stars, Ranked". Collider.
  40. Reid, Joe (December 4, 2020). "Your Guide to the Celebrity Guest Voices of Big Mouth Season 4". Prime Timer.
  41. Rahman, Hanifah (December 7, 2020). "Here's What All The New Characters On "Big Mouth" Look Like In Real Life". BuzzFeed.
  42. "Bye Bye". F is for Family. Season 2. Episode 8. November 25, 2021. Netflix.
  43. Goertz, Allie; Prescott, Julia (8 August 2016). "I Married Marge (with Jeff Martin)" (Podcast). Maximum Fun. Event occurs at 61:28. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  44. Reiss, Mike; Klickstein, Mathew (2018). Springfield confidential: jokes, secrets, and outright lies from a lifetime writing for the Simpsons. New York City: Dey Street Books. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-06-274803-4.
  45. Jean, Al (2001). The Simpsons season 1 DVD commentary for the episode 'The Telltale Head' (DVD). Los Angeles, California: 20th Century Fox.
  46. Siegel, Alan (February 8, 2017). "When 'The Simpsons' Came Out of the Closet". The Ringer. Archived from the original on February 16, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  47. Atkinson, Sophia (November 5, 2015). "The Complete History of Queer Characters in Cartoon Shows". Highsnobiety. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  48. Holpuch, Amanda (September 28, 2015). "The Simpsons' Smithers to finally come out as gay, producer reveals". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  49. Vincent, Alice (April 3, 2016). "Smithers will finally come out - thanks to Simpsons writer's gay son". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  50. Thomas, June (April 4, 2016). "Why Won't The Simpsons Let Smithers Say, "I'm Gay"?". Slate. Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  51. D'Addario, Daniel (April 4, 2016). "Waylon Smithers' Coming-Out on The Simpsons Shows How Toothless the Show Has Become". TIME. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  52. Leszkiewicz, Anna (April 5, 2016). "The Smithers question: why do we keep retrofitting progressive narratives in pop culture?". New Statesman. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  53. Juntwait, Kelsey (October 10, 2016). "30 Characters Showcasing Positive LGBT Representation on TV Right Now". Fansided. Archived from the original on October 15, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  54. Brooks, Grace (February 13, 2016). "An LGBT history of Television". The Boar. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  55. Glass, Joe (July 24, 2016). "The LGBTQ Geek Year in Review At San Diego Comic-Con". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  56. Silver, Stephen (April 23, 2018). "Gayest Episode Ever: How John Waters Helped 'The Simpsons' Get LGBT Representation Right". Hornet. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  57. Cook 2018, p. 6.
  58. Jean, Al (2002). Commentary for the episode "Simpson and Delilah". The Simpsons: The Complete Second Season (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  59. Ortved, John (2009). The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History. Greystone Books. pp. 248–250. ISBN 978-1-55365-503-9.
  60. "Springfield of Dreams: 16 Great 'Simpsons' Guest Stars". Entertainment Weekly. May 11, 2008. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2021. He is relisted in a 2010 article on Simpsons guest stars as well
  61. Tucker, Ken (June 9, 2000). "Sweeps brings smooches". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  62. Sadownick, Doug (February 26, 1991). "Groening Against the Grain; Maverick Cartoonist Matt Groening Draws in Readers With Gay Characters Akbar and Jeff". Advocate (571). Archived from the original on September 20, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  63. Mills, Ted (May 23, 2019). "When John Waters Appeared on The Simpsons and Changed America's LGBTQ Views (1997)". Open Culture. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  64. Butler, Tijen (November 27, 2018). "Simpsons gay characters: Who is LGBT in The Simpsons?". PinkNews. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  65. Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew (September 11, 2008). Taking South Park Seriously. SUNY Press. pp. 155–. ISBN 9780791475669. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  66. Baron, Rueben (June 24, 2018). "20 Crucial Queer Representations In Anime (For Better Or Worse)". CBR. Archived from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  67. "Mr. Slave". Official South Park Wiki. South Park Studios. April 8, 2019. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  68. "Bradley (Cartman Sucks)". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020.
  69. Walters 2001, p. 99-100.
  70. Capsuto 2001, p. 370-371.
  71. Gross 2001, p. 123.
  72. Keller 2010, p. 273, 275-276, 289-291, 293-299.
  73. "Craig Tucker". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020.
  74. "Tweek Tweak". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020.
  75. Runions, Erin (March 1, 2014). The Babylon Complex: Theopolitical Fantasies of War, Sex, and Sovereignty. Fordham University Press. pp. 185–. ISBN 9780823257362. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  76. Keller 2010, p. 291-293.
  77. Keller 2010, p. 290-291.
  78. Gross 2001, p. 126.
  79. Tropiano 2002, p. 299.
  80. White, Peter (June 22, 2020). "'Great North' renewed for season 2 at FOX". Deadline. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  81. Keller, Joel (January 3, 2021). "Stream It Or Skip It: 'The Great North' On Fox, About A Rugged Single Dad And His Very Alaskan Family". Decider. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021.
  82. Bender, Britney (March 16, 2021). "The Great North S01E06 Flips Gendered Romantic Expectations: Review". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  83. Henderson, Taylor (March 31, 2021). "The Great North's Gay Kiss Just Made Animation History". Pride.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  84. Norris, Van (August 1, 2014). British Television Animation 1997–2010: Drawing Comic Tradition. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 221–. ISBN 9781137330949. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  85. Tilke, Matt (January 29, 2005). "Take A Trip Back To Channel 4's Crapston Villas". Retroheadz. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
  86. Roth, Dany (February 5, 2017). "Stuff We Love: Christopher Miller and Phil Lord's Clone High". Syfy. Archived from the original on May 16, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2020. The mention of "gay foster dads" refers to Wally and Carl, which anyone with common sense would realize.
  87. "Fun Facts". Clone High Official Website. June 2, 2008. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
  88. "Lokar's Valentine Page". Cartoon Network. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  89. "Lokar's Sumptuous Salute to Summer Frolic". Cartoon Network. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  90. Space Ghost Coast to Coast - Volume Two ["Surprise" commentary track] (DVD) (DVD). US: Warner Brothers. November 16, 2004. B0002WZRTU. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  91. Space Ghost Coast to Coast - Volume Two ["Jacksonville" commentary track] (DVD) (DVD). US: Warner Brothers. November 16, 2004. B0002WZRTU. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  92. Howe, Nicholas (September 28, 2019). "10 Jokes From The Oblongs That Have Already Aged Poorly". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  93. The Oblongs - The Complete Series (DVD) (DVD). US: Warner Brothers. October 4, 2005. B000ABKHZC. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  94. Burra, Kevin (July 11, 2012). "'Venture Bros.' Co-Creators From Adult Swim Talk Gay Characters, The Upcoming Season And Gay Sex". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  95. Neill, Chris (November 27, 2018). "The prematurely axed Mission Hill was a '90s cartoon ahead of its years". thebrag.com. Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  96. Meisler, Andy (April 7, 2002). "Television/Radio; 'Queer Duck,' a Web-Footed Survivor, Migrates to TV". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  97. "Mike Reiss". harrywalker.com. Harry Walker Agency. March 25, 2020. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  98. Multi Channel News Staff (March 29, 2018). "Queer Duck Crosses the Pond". Multichannel News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  99. Watson, Jamie Carlin; Arp, Robert (July 26, 2011). What's Good on TV: Understanding Ethics Through Television. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 182–. ISBN 978-1-4443-4301-4. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  100. Mike, Henry (November 2006). "IGN EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: FAMILY GUY'S MIKE HENRY". IGN. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23.
  101. Henry, Mike (2018). "Characters". Mike Henry's official website. Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2020. Henry is a producer, writer, and voice actor on Family Guy.
  102. Oldenburg, Ann (October 27, 2004). "'Drawn': Animated raunch meets reality TV". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  103. Surette, Tim (May 26, 2006). "Gay mag "Hot" for Link". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  104. Heffernan, Virginia (October 27, 2004). "Cartoon Goal: Parody of Self-Parody". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  105. Misits, Éva (2006). "'Just when you thought racism couldn't get any more racismer': The Treatment of Stereotypes in Drawn Together". Americana: e-Journal of American Studies in Hungary. 2 (2). Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  106. Heffernan, Virginia (October 4, 2006). "A Strong Shot of Political Satire (Ice With That?)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  107. GLAAD 2007, p. 8.
  108. Clarke, Victoria; Ellis, Sonja J.; Peel, Elizabeth; Riggs, Damien W. (2010-04-01). Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Queer Psychology: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. pp. 276–. ISBN 9781139487238. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  109. GLAAD 2008, p. 8.
  110. Washington, Terri (August 22, 2015). "PICS: It's Hard To Find Committed, Recurring Gay Couples In Animated TV". Hornet. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  111. Smithson, Nick (2008). "Rick and Steve the Happiest Gay Couple in all the World - DVD Review". Review Graveyard. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  112. Jesey, Ben (July 6, 2020). "Archer: Every Main Character, Ranked By Funniness". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  113. VanDerWerff, Emily Todd (February 24, 2011). "Archer: "The Double Deuce"". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  114. McCarthy, Tyler (July 25, 2015). "How 'Archer' Addressed The Loss Of Woodhouse Voice Actor George Coe". International Business Times. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  115. Travers, Ben (July 22, 2016). "'Archer' Season 8 Trailer Answers Season 7 Cliffhanger, Introduces 'Dreamland'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  116. Lambe, Stacy (January 7, 2014). "10 Qs: With Archer's Ray Gillette on Sochi, Beyonce & Rent Boys". Out. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  117. GLAAD 2011, p. 9.
  118. "Characters". Official website of The Awesomes. 2008. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  119. Watercutter, Angela (August 1, 2013). "Watch the Full Pilot of Hulu's Animated Superhero Comedy The Awesomes". Wired. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  120. Kane, Matt (September 6, 2015). "Must-See LGBT TV 9/6-9/12: British Baking and The Awesomes return". GLAAD. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  121. Schwindt, Oriana (September 6, 2015). "5 Things to Expect on The Awesomes Season 3". TV Insider. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  122. Roots, Kimberly (August 11, 2016). "Gay Superhero Show a Go at CW Seed, Arrow-verse Integration Eyed". TV Line. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  123. Adams, Tim (July 23, 2017). "The Ray Battles Nazis in First Trailer For Animated Series". CBR. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  124. Matadeen, Renaldo (April 13, 2020). "DC Universe's Harley Quinn Reveals a Major Batman Villain Is Gay". CBR. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  125. West, Amy (April 14, 2020). "Harley Quinn series reveals major Batman villain is queer". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  126. Kang, Inkoo (March 26, 2021). "'Invincible': TV Review". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  127. Sava, Olivia (April 16, 2021). "Invincible Recap: A Different World". Vulture. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  128. Thorne, Will (April 4, 2019). "Netflix Orders Adult Animated Series 'Q-Force' From Mike Schur, Gabe Liedman". Variety. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  129. Milligan, Mercedes (June 23, 2021). "Netflix Announces Cast of Adult Toon Comedy 'Q-Force'". Animation Magazine. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  130. Evan Narcisse (November 18, 2021). "Buried Pains Grows Poison Tress". Gen: Lock. Season 2. Episode 3.
  131. "HBO Max's New Holiday Series "Santa Inc." Is A Raunchy Mixed Bag of Comedy [REVIEW]". That Hashtag Show. 2021-12-01. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
  132. Schneider, Michael (July 28, 2018). "'Disenchantment': Meet The Characters Voiced by Abbi Jacobson and Others in Matt Groening's Netflix Dreamland". IndieWire. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  133. Hermann, Burkely (March 1, 2021). ""Disenchantment" Is Queer Through and Through". The Geekiary. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  134. Nickalls, Sammy (September 21, 2017). "The Tricky Problem With Hollyhock in 'BoJack Horseman' Season 4". Dot and Line. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  135. "BoJack Horseman (2014–2020): Season 6, Episode 1 - A Horse Walks into a Rehab - full transcript". Bojack Horseman. Netflix. Retrieved August 17, 2020. And I know a lot about art because my husband owns a Jackson Pollock.
  136. "Super Drags". Netflix. October 19, 2018. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  137. Adegoke, Yomi (June 1, 2018). "Netflix Unleashes Sassy 'Super Drags' Teaser". Animation Magazine. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  138. Patton, Rebecca (August 21, 2020). "This New Netflix Show Is Basically One Big New Girl Reunion". Bustle. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  139. Kirkland, Justin (October 6, 2019). "Big Mouth's Matthew Is the Kind of Gay TV Character I Wish I'd Had as a Kid". Esquire. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  140. Schedeen, Jesse (March 5, 2020). "Netflix's Castlevania: Season 3 Review". IGN. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  141. "'Close Enough' Is the Spiritual Successor to 'Regular Show' We've Been Waiting For". Hypebeast. July 26, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  142. Mecchi, Jason (August 14, 2021). "Tuca & Bertie: The 10 Best Characters". Screen Rant. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  143. "'Chicago Party Aunt' Animated Series Ordered at Netflix, Lauren Ash and RuPaul Charles Among Voice Cast". Variety. July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  144. "Know the Voice Cast: 'Chicago Party Aunt'". Vague Visages. September 17, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  145. "Pray Away". F is for Family. Season 2. Episode 9. May 30, 2017. Netflix.
  146. Adalian, Josef (November 15, 2021). "Say Good-bye to the F'in Murphys With the F Is for Family Final-Season Trailer". Vulture. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
  147. Beresford, Meka (August 15, 2017). "21 mind-blowing theories and facts about cartoon characters who are secretly LGBT". PinkNews. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  148. "Old Man Waterfall". IGN. June 12, 2012. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  149. Burra, Kevin (February 2, 2016). "Christy Karacas, 'Superjail!' Co-Creator, And Janine DiTullio, Writing Director, Discuss Beloved Adult Swim Show". HuffPost. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  150. Smith-Strickland, Stephanie (April 11, 2014). "Is Young Thug the Real Life Gangstalicious?". Highsnobiety. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  151. Thurm, Eric (October 27, 2014). "Mike Tyson Mysteries: "The End" [Review]". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  152. Schwarz, John (April 3, 2013). "Review: The Cleveland Show 'Who Done Did It'". Bubble Blabber. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  153. GLAAD 2005, p. 8.
  154. GLAAD 2011.
  155. GLAAD 2012, p. 8.
  156. Johnson, Jo (2010). ""We'll Have a Gay Old Time!": Queer Representation in American Prime-Time Animation from the Cartoon Short to the Family Sitcom.". In Ellidge, Jim (ed.). Queers in American Popular Culture. Praeger. pp. 255–280. ISBN 9780313354571.
  157. "14th Annual GLAAD Media Award Winners Include The Goat and Zanna, Don't!". Playbill. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
  158. Bell, Crystal (July 28, 2015). "11 Times You Felt Mortified For Sharon Spitz On 'Braceface'". MTV. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  159. Bianco, Robert (October 28, 2011). "'Allen Gregory': Nasty, brutish and hopefully short-lived". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  160. GLAAD 2011, p. 8.
  161. ""Chozen" is Going to Be a Big Gay Hit". NewNowNext. December 26, 2013. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  162. "Sister, Wife". Duncanville. Season 1. Episode 6. March 22, 2020. Event occurs at 14:07-14:14. Fox.
  163. "Judge Annie". Duncanville. Season 1. Episode 8. April 26, 2020. Event occurs at 5:51-5:54. Fox.
  164. "Liane Cartman". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020.
  165. "Stephen Stotch". Official South Park Studios Wiki. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020.
  166. GLAAD 2009, p. 16.
  167. Rizzo III, Francis (April 28, 2007). "Moral Orel, Vol. 1, The Unholy Edition". DVD Talk. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  168. Jirak, Jamie (October 4, 2018). "28 Of The Best Bisexual Characters On Television". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  169. "Voice actress and Atlanta native Amber Nash talks new season of animated hit 'Archer'". Atlanta INtown Paper. 2019-05-14. Archived from the original on May 17, 2019. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  170. GLAAD 2008, p. 7.
  171. Jensen, Michael (January 15, 2009). "FOX's animated "Sit Down, Shut Up" includes bisexual male character". NewNowNext. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  172. GLAAD 2008, p. 2-3, 7, 11, 18.
  173. Anderson-Minshall, Diane (October 20, 2011). "10 Reasons You Should Watch". The Advocate. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  174. Weiss, Josh (August 28, 2018). "Rick and Morty: Brain parasite Sleepy Gary is snoozing into his own one-shot comic". Archived from the original on May 16, 2019 – via Syfy.
  175. Opie, David (April 12, 2019). "Rick and Morty needs to learn this one big lesson from the comics". Archived from the original on June 10, 2020 – via Digital Spy.
  176. Rogers, Olan (2020). "Hey what's up. Olan here. Tribore and Clarence are NOT good enough representation for LGBTQ community. There is a gay character on the show but we just haven't revealed it yet (but will be in a S3) and truthfully that character needs to be worthy of the title and actually useful. It's a sci-fi show there are more sexualities out there in the universe. But I always saw Clarence as a Bi-Sexual and Tribore is a narcissi-sexual (completely made up fictional sexuality) he loves himself a little too much. Hope that makes sense. Promise it's coming but needs to be done right". /r/FinalSpace. Reddit. Archived from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  177. Knight, Rosie (May 15, 2020). "Harley Quinn Season 2 Episode 7 Review: There's No Place to Go But Down". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2020.
  178. Metadeen, Renaldo (June 29, 2020). "Harley Quinn Season 2's Ending, Explained". CBR. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  179. Hogan, Heather (June 29, 2020). ""Harley Quinn" Season 2: Harley and Ivy Ride Off Into The Sunset in Canonical Bisexual Love". Autostraddle. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  180. Beresford, Trilby (January 28, 2021). "GLAAD Media Awards: 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom,' 'Happiest Season' Among Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  181. Fumero, Melissa [@BlumJordan] (April 27, 2021). "Yes, Melissa is bi. Season 1 focuses mostly on her relationship with her dad but season 2 will introduce her girlfriend. However there are other queer relationships on the show" (Tweet). Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2021 – via Twitter.
  182. Reid, Joe (May 18, 2021). "Marvel's M.O.D.O.K. Boasts a Comedy Voice Cast For the Ages". Primetimer. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  183. Keller, Joel (June 13, 2021). "Stream It Or Skip It: 'Tuca & Bertie' Season 2 On Adult Swim, Where The Two Bird Besties Return From Their Netflix Exile". Decider. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  184. "Tuca & Bertie (Official Season 2 Trailer)". YouTube. May 16, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  185. Turner, Molly Catherine (July 15, 2021). "Tuca & Bertie S2E5 explores Bertie's inner desires". Fansided. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  186. Kurland, Daniel (August 16, 2021). "Review: Tuca & Bertie "The Flood"". Bubbleblabber. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  187. Luchies, Adam (November 11, 2021). "'Santa Inc': New Images Released for Seth Rogen and Sarah Silverman Stop-Motion Christmas Series". Collider. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021. Another of Candy's friends is the reindeer Goldie (voiced by Gabourey Sidibe), an openly bisexual reindeer who is a member of the "B-team" of Santa's reindeer, but doesn't receive as much credit as the all-male reindeer "A-team".
  188. Emelie (June 24, 2019). "Pride Month Spotlight: 'Critical Role'". Nerds and Beyond. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  189. Pierce-Bohen, Kayleena (September 30, 2019). "Big Mouth: 10 Funniest Characters On The Show, Ranked". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2020. Not mentioned by name in this article, but the mother of Jessi is Shannon.
  190. Delatte, Thomas (August 6, 2019). "20 Cartoon Characters We Totally Forgot Were Gay". The Things. Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
  191. Villarreal, Daniel (October 15, 2018). "One of the kids on Netflix's puberty comedy 'Big Mouth' came out as bi". Queerty. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  192. Milligan, Mercedes (October 15, 2021). "Trailer: Plague of Love-Bugs Descends on 'Big Mouth' S5". Animation Magazine. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  193. Netflix [@NetflixGeeked] (January 27, 2021). "you absolutely cannot help but love Bean as our new bisexual icon" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via Twitter.
  194. Plowe, Emma (October 15, 2019). "'Disenchantment' Finds Redemption in Season Two". Cornell Daily Sun. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  195. Vic (September 13, 2018). "Review of Disenchantment: The Good, The Bad, and the Elfo". Drop The Spotlight. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  196. Liebman, Lisa (April 2018). "Abbi Jacobson Travels Far from Broad City in Heroin Drama 6 Balloons". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021. I kind of go both ways; I date men and women. They have to be funny, doing something they love. I don’t know—I’ve never really been interviewed about this before.
  197. Opie, David (January 21, 2021). "Disenchantment just confirmed Bean is queer in groundbreaking episode". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  198. Deats, Sam [@SamuelDeats] (March 10, 2020). "Yes!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020 – via Twitter. He was asked by pikabelial, "Feel free to ignore this question sir, but i just want clarification if it's possible. Is Alucard bisexual?"
  199. "Ass on the Line". Paradise PD. Season 1. Episode 2. August 31, 2018. Netflix.
  200. "Police Academy". Paradise PD. Season 1. Episode 7. August 31, 2018. Netflix.
  201. Angeles, Christian. "DOTA: DRAGON'S BLOOD REVIEW". Hey PoorPlayer. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  202. Isler, Ramsey (May 8, 2012). "Family Guy: "Quagmire's Dad" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  203. Rude, Mey (October 7, 2019). "'Family Guy' Is Still Just as Transphobic as Ever". Out. Archived from the original on January 11, 2006. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  204. "Cherry Pie". Official website of The Nutshack. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  205. "Cherry Pie". The Nutshack – MYX Filipino Pinoy Animation Cartoon. June 7, 2008. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  206. Clifton, Derrick (November 23, 2015). "From Titus to Marshmallow: ranking TV's top five black LGBT characters". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  207. GLAAD 2012, p. 12.
  208. Anderson-Minshall, Diane (June 18, 2013). "How Animated Shows Like Futurama Can Unite Us All". The Advocate. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  209. Lewis, Rachel Charlene (December 4, 2020). "Netflix's 'Big Mouth' Season 4 makes up for past queer missteps in a rollicking return to form". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  210. GLAAD 2009, p. 3, 9, 16.
  211. Hugar, John (November 15, 2014). "Ranking Roger's 10 Most Memorable Disguises On 'American Dad'". Uproxx. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  212. Snierson, Dan (July 6, 2012). "Comic-Con posters for Seth MacFarlane's shows revealed -- FIRST LOOK". EW. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  213. Delatte, Thomas (August 6, 2019). "20 Cartoon Characters We Totally Forgot Were Gay". thethings.com. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  214. John (February 21, 2011). ""The Cleveland Show" Tackles Gay Marriage and Avoids Projectile Vomiting". NewNowNext. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  215. Kelleher, Patrick (June 22, 2021). "Rick and Morty just confirmed a major character is queer". PinkNews. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  216. Opie, David (June 21, 2021). "Rick and Morty season 5 just confirmed a major character is queer". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
  217. Stephen, Emily L. (October 4, 2019). "Big Mouth's third season is bigger and mouthier than ever". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  218. Schmidt, Johanna (September 22, 2015). "Story: Gender Diversity". Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Government of New Zealand. Archived from the original on October 25, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  219. Johnson, Derek; Kompare, Derek; Santo, Avi (August 1, 2014). Making Media Work: Cultures of Management in the Entertainment Industries. NYU Press. pp. 57–59. ISBN 9780814764558. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  220. Thompson, Dave (August 1, 2014). South Park FAQ: All That's Left to Know About The Who, What, Where, When and #%$ of America's Favorite Mountain Town. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. pp. 78–. ISBN 9781495002076. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  221. Steele, Amanda (September 26, 2019). "Bob's Burgers: 10 Characters That Could Be Bi". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  222. Aravind, Ajay (June 29, 2020). "10 Best Episodes Of Final Space, According To IMDb". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on August 16, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  223. Nickalls, Sammy (September 8, 2017). "Todd Chavez Is TV's First Out-and-Proud Asexual Icon". The Dot and Line. Archived from the original on March 17, 2019.
  224. Nickalls, Sammy (September 8, 2017). "Todd Chavez Is TV's First Out-and-Proud Asexual Icon". The Dot and Line. Archived from the original on March 17, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  225. Keller, Joel (February 16, 2020). "Stream It Or Skip It: 'Duncanville' On Fox, Where Amy Poehler Plays A 15-Year-Old Boy Who Finds It Tough Being A 15-Year-Old Boy". Decider. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  226. Kleinman, Jake (March 27, 2021). "Are Terry and Korvo a couple in Solar Opposites?". Inverse. Archived from the original on April 7, 2021.
  227. Roiland and, Justin [@JustinRoiland] (September 12, 2015). "@kopparnickels reproduce solo" (Tweet). Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021 – via Twitter.
  228. Petski, Diane (May 13, 2020). "'Magical Girl Friendship Squad': Quinta Brunson & Anna Akana Lead Ensemble Cast Of Syfy's TZGZ Anime-Inspired Comedy". Deadline. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  229. Oller, Jacob (August 20, 2020). "WIRE Buzz: TZGZ sets 2 new series premieres; Moonbase sci-fi comedy to Showtime; American Reaper". Syfy. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  230. Hogan, Heather (October 7, 2020). ""Magical Girl Friendship Squad" Is a Queer Millennial "Sailor Moon" Meets "Broad City"". Autostraddle. Archived from the original on October 7, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  231. Downs, Krystal "K" [@kddaawwggg] (October 19, 2020). "Yolanda (:" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 22, 2020 – via Twitter.
  232. Cowan, Marika [@MarikaCowan] (October 19, 2020). "@kelseynides might be able to answer this better than I can, but Yolanda was designed as a more cute, classic style anime female character. @afullertonart designed her, and the main references she used (if memory serves) were Usagi from sailor moon & Nurse Joy from Pokemon!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 22, 2020 – via Twitter.
  233. Cantor, Hallie [@halliecantor] (November 1, 2020). "As far as I know we haven't (yet!) identified her as trans or cis, @kelseynides who created her might have a diff answer" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 3, 2020 – via Twitter.
  234. Downs, Krystal "K" [@kddaawwggg] (December 4, 2020). "Daisy is a lesbian [.]And that's canon lol" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 4, 2020 – via Twitter.
  235. Akana, Anna [@AnnaAkana] (November 19, 2020). "My response to the deleted tweet included not only my frustration about the mistaken trans issue, but how upset I was that people kept dismissing the bi aspect, an integral part of my identity & why I was so excited to play the character" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2021 – via Twitter.
  236. Hermann, Burkely (October 20, 2021). "Star Trek: Lower Decks "Breaks Protocol" With LGBTQ Representation". The Geekiary. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  237. Gustanski, Tiffany (February 11, 2019). "gen:LOCK Season 1 Episode 4 Recap". ComingSoon. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  238. Whitaker, Richard (July 10, 2019). "How Rooster Teeth Built Meaningful Diversity Into gen:LOCK". Austin Chronicle. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  239. Badiola, Yssa (September 23, 2020). "Rooster Teeth, New GM Levin Take Bite Out Of Pandemic With 10th-Year, 10-Day RTX At Home". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  240. Kristle Peluso (November 25, 2021). "Together. Together.". Gen: Lock. Season 2. Episode 4.
  241. Labit, Michaela (January 17, 2020). "The Growth of Queer Representation in Critical Role". The Geekiary. Retrieved October 8, 2021.

Sources
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.