Kingdom (manga)

Kingdom (Japanese: キングダム, Hepburn: Kingudamu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yasuhisa Hara. It has been serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump since January 2006, with its chapters collected in sixty-four tankōbon volumes as of February 2022. Kingdom provides a fictionalized account of the Warring States period primarily through the experiences of the war orphan Xin and his comrades as he fights to become the greatest general under the heavens, and in doing so, unifying China for the first time in 500 years.

Kingdom
Cover of the first tankōbon volume, featuring Xin Li
キングダム
(Kingudamu)
Genre
Manga
Written byYasuhisa Hara
Published byShueisha
ImprintYoung Jump Comics
MagazineWeekly Young Jump
DemographicSeinen
Original runJanuary 26, 2006 – present
Volumes64
Anime television series
Directed by
  • Jun Kamiya (1–38)
  • Akira Iwanaga (39–77)
  • Kenichi Imaizumi (78–)
  • Kazuya Monma (78–)[lower-alpha 1]
Produced by
  • Izumi Nakazawa (1–77)
  • Mirai Miyamoto (78–103)
  • Ryōsuke Hagiwara (78–103)
  • Ryōsuke Mori (78–103)
  • Tomokazu Iizumi (78–)
  • Mayumi Kurashima (104–)
  • Kazuhiro Iwami (104–)
  • Yousuke Tamura (104–)
Written by
Music by
Studio
Licensed by
Mighty Media
Original networkNHK BS Premium, NHK General TV
Original run June 4, 2012 – present
Episodes107
Live-action film

The series was adapted into a three-season anime television series by studio Pierrot. The first season of 38 episodes aired from June 2012 to February 2013. A second season aired for 39 episodes from June 2013 to March 2014. A third season by Studio Signpost and Pierrot aired for 26 episodes from April 2020 to October 2021. A fourth season premiered in April 2022. A live-action film was released in April 2019; a sequel film is set to premiere in 2022. The anime has been licensed for English-language release by Crunchyroll.

As of February 2022, the Kingdom manga had over 87 million copies, making it one of the best-selling manga series of all time. In 2013, the manga won the Grand Prize of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.

Synopsis

Historical context

The story of Kingdom is a fictional adaptation of the Chinese history period known as the Warring States period, which ended in 221 BC when Ying Zheng, king of Qin, succeeded in conquering the other states and unifying China.

Several of the characters are based on historical figures. Many characters will take the names of people in history, and other times they will have completely different names; oftentimes, this is the result of Japanese kanji borrowing from Chinese characters, and some Chinese names have no equivalent characters in kanji.

Plot

Born during the Warring States period of ancient China, Xin and Piao are war-orphans working as servants in a poor village in the kingdom of Qin. However, they dream to become the "Great Generals of the Heavens" and train daily. One day, Piao is taken to the palace for an unknown purpose by a minister and Xin is left behind. A few months later, Piao returns to the village on the verge of death, urging Xin to travel to another village. There, Xin meets a boy nearly identical to Piao, Ying Zheng the current King of Qin. Xin learns that Piao served as a body double for Ying Zheng and was mortally wounded in a power struggle for the throne. Though initially furious at Ying Zheng for causing Piao's death, Xin decides to seize the opportunity and aids Ying Zheng in ousting his younger half-brother Cheng Jiao and reclaiming the Qin throne. Successful in this endeavor, Xin starts his military life as a Qin soldier and then commander on the battlefields of the warring states of China. He relentlessly pursues his goal of becoming the "Greatest General in the World", also helping King Zheng of Qin achieve his dream of unification to end the incessant warfare once and for all.

Characters
Li Xin (李信, Ri Shin)
Voiced by: Masakazu Morita (Japanese); Cole Howard (English)
Xin (Shin in the Japanese version) is an orphan boy who grew up as a servant with his best friend Piao. Xin's behavior is predominantly impulsive, however, he inspires his comrades and those around him. After Piao died in episode 1, Xin decides to help the King of Qin, Ying Zheng (Ei Sei), escape his enemies with the help of He Liao Diao. Xin enlists in the State of Qin army, and after demonstrating his determination and abilities, General Wang Qi (Ou Ki) appoints him as the leader of a special 100-man Fei Xin Unit (Hi Shin Unit). Appointing Qiang Lei (Kyou Kai) and Yuan (En) as his lieutenants, Xin joins Wang Qi in his attack on the State of Zhao. He develops great respect for Ying Zheng and their paths become interlocked. Following the invasion of the Wei State, he is made leader of a 1,000-man unit.
Ying Zheng (嬴政, Ei Sei)
Voiced by: Jun Fukuyama (Japanese); Micah Solusod (English)
Ying Zheng is the 31st king of the State of Qin. He states that he will unify all of China but has only a few years to do so. There are enemies that lay beyond the Qin state (Zhao, Wie, Chu, and other nations) and internal problems with his political rivals, minister Lu Buwei, who plans to take over the throne, and the Queen Dowager. Although king, Ying Zheng has not been crowned, so his power is limited. His and Xin's goals became unified when Xin declares that he would be Ying Zheng's "sword" in the unification of China. He has a child with the servant woman Xiang (Kou) named Rei.
Li Piao (李漂, Ri Hyō)
Voiced by: Jun Fukuyama (Japanese); Micah Solusod (English)
Xin's childhood best friend and fellow war orphan, Piao also aims to become a general renowned throughout all of China. His appearance is identical to King Ying Zheng and he is offered a position in the Qin palace as Zheng's body double. He accepts the position, only to die fighting at the hands of an assassin hired by the Cheng Jiao Faction. Piao is a fictional character created by the author and does not exist in history.
He Liao Diao (河了貂, Ka Ryō Ten)
Voiced by: Rie Kugimiya (Japanese); Shannon Chan-Kent (English)
He Liao Diao (Ka Ryō Ten) is a young girl and the last descendant of a mountain tribe, but she keeps her identity a secret and dresses as a male. She joins Xin in helping Ying Zheng escape from Liu Bu's soldiers. After witnessing Wang Qi and Xin's war against the Zhao, she tells Shin that she will join the State of Qin Army, but he only laughs. He Liao Diao is taken in as an apprentice of strategic warfare, and later in the story, she becomes the strategist for the Fei Xin Unit. It is hinted that she has romantic feelings for Xin, however, he sees their relationship as more like brother and sister.
Qiang Lei (羌瘣, Kyō Kai)
Voiced by: Yōko Hikasa
Qiang Lei (Kyou Kai) is a superb swordswoman and an efficient killer. She is a former member of the Shi Yū (Chi You), a female assassin group in which they advance the expense of killing rival candidates. After the death of her older sister, Qiang Xiang (Kyou Shou), in a rigged series of deathmatches, Qiang Lei vowed revenge against the woman who killed her. She joined the Fei Xin Unit after its formation and became a vice commander, keeping her gender a secret. She is naive in the ways of the world but is much smarter than Xin and he relies on her for battle strategies as well as her sword skills. After Xin discovers her identity, she becomes more friendly and open towards him and she accepts her place in the unit, calling it her home. Her identity is revealed to the rest of the Fei Xin Unit after she is severely wounded in the battle against the Wei State. It is inferred that she may have romantic feelings for Xin.
Chang Wenjun (昌文君, Shōbun Kun)
Voiced by: Yutaka Nakano
Lord Chang was formerly a skilled warrior during the reign of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (King Sho) who worked his way up to be one of Qin's Chancellors along with Lord Changping. He is also a senior adviser of the king. He is extremely loyal to Ying Zheng, aiding him in both reclaiming the throne and in the political struggle against Ying's rival, Lü Buwei.
Bi (壁, Heki)
Voiced by: Kōji Yusa
Lord Chang's loyal subordinate. Initially, Bi was a 1,000-man commander who rose to the 3000-man commander and finally rises to the rank of General after contributing to many of Qin's military campaigns along with Xin. Xin is shown to rely on him, and he has had a crush on Yang Duan He (Yō Tan Wa) since their first meeting.
Wang Qi (王騎, Oo Kii)
Voiced by: Rikiya Koyama (Japanese); John Novak (English)
Wang Ben (王賁, Ou Han)
Voiced by: Yoshimasa Hosoya
Meng Tian (蒙恬, Mou Ten)
Voiced by: Hirofumi Nojima (Japanese); Matt Hill (English)
Lü Buwei (呂不韋, Ryo Fui)
Voiced by: Tesshō Genda
Yang Duan He (楊端和, Yoo Tan Wa)
Voiced by: Sonozaki Mie
Li Mu (李牧, Ri Bokku)
Voiced by: Toshiyuki Morikawa
Lian Po (廉頗, Ren Pa)
Voiced by: Naomi Kusumi (Japanese); Brian Dobson (English)

Media

Manga
See also: List of Kingdom chapters

Written and illustrated by Yasuhisa Hara, Kingdom has been serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump since January 26, 2006.[6][7] Shueisha has collected its chapters into individual tankōbon volumes. The first volume was released on May 19, 2006.[8] In 2015, Hara stated that he has planned to extend the series up to 100 volumes.[9] As of February 18, 2022, sixty-four tankōbon volumes have been released.[10]

Before Kingdom, Hara published four prototype one-shot chapters: "Kongo" (金剛) (Young Jump Zōkan Mankaku vol. 36, November 18, 2003);[11][12] "Uma Shuhei San-hyaku" (馬酒兵三百, "Horse and Liquor for 300 Soldiers") (Young Jump Zōkan Mankaku vol. 37, January 15, 2004);[13][12] "Li Mu" (李牧) (Weekly Young Jump #18, April 18, 2004);[14] and "Meng Wu and Chu Zi" (蒙武と楚子, Mō Bu to So Shi") (Weekly Young Jump #1, December 2, 2005).[15] The four chapters were later collected in Kingdom Omnibus (キングダム総集編, Kingudamu Sōshūhen), a two-volume edition, released on June 5 and June 26, 2012, respectively.[16][17]

Anime
See also: List of Kingdom (Japanese TV series) episodes

An anime television series was adapted by studio Pierrot. Two seasons of seventy-seven episodes were produced. The first season which consisted of thirty-eight episodes aired from June 4, 2012, to February 25, 2013, on NHK BS Premium. The first season was directed by Jun Kamiya, written by Naruhisa Arakawa, featured music composed by Minako Seki, and was produced by Izumi Nakazawa. The series' characters were designed by Atsuo Tobe, Noriko Otake, and Masatoshi Hakanda.

A second season aired thirty-nine episodes from June 8, 2013 to March 1, 2014.[18][19] The season featured returning staff Minako Seki and Naruhisa Arakawa, the first season's composer and writer, respectively. Akira Iwanaga replaced Jun Kamiya as director, Izumi Nakazawa served as series producer, and the character designs were handled by Itsuko Takeda, Kumiko Tokunaga, and Makoto Shimojima. The anime has been licensed for English language release by Funimation outside of Asia.[20][21] Following Sony's acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll.[22] Mighty Media has licensed the series in Southeast Asian territories.[23]

On November 8, 2019, a third season of the series was announced, and that the series would feature an entirely new production team, and that the season would cover the manga's Coalition Invasion arc.[24] The series' third season has Kenichi Imaizumi directing at Pierrot and Pierrot's subsidiary company Studio Signpost, with scripts by Noboru Takagi and character designs by Hisashi Abe.[25] Hiroyuki Sawano and Kohta Yamamoto composed the music.[26] The season premiered on April 6, 2020.[27] On April 26, 2020, the anime production committee announced that episode 5 and onwards of the third series would be postponed by the COVID-19 pandemic.[28] The third season restarted broadcasting from its first episode on April 5, 2021,[29][30] and finished on October 18 of the same year.[31] Unlike with the series' first two seasons, the third season of Kingdom was made using traditional 2D animation, rather than CGI animation. Composers Sawano and Yamamoto were brought onto the project as a personal request from Yasuhisa Hara himself.[32] Director Imaizumi, in meetings with the composers, opted to not use traditional Chinese instruments despite the series' setting, and they instead decided on using modern instrumentations.[32]

At the end of the third season's final episode, a fourth season was announced. It premiered on April 10, 2022.[33][34] The cast returned to reprise their roles.[35]

Films
Main article: Kingdom (film)

On April 17, 2016, a special short movie was released by the manga's publishing magazine Weekly Young Jump. It is a live-action promotional short film for the series. It was made for the 10th Anniversary of Kingdom's release and filmed by Hengdian World Studios in China.

In April 2018, Kingdom's creator Yasuhira Hara previously revealed that a full-length live-action film of his series had been green-lit. The author stated he took part in script meetings, praising the 'satisfying' screenplay, the 'unprecedented' budget, and everyone in the 'ultra-grand' casts, starring Kento Yamazaki and Directed by Shinsuke Sato.[36] The film was released on April 19, 2019.[37][38]

A second film was announced to be green-lit on May 28, 2020, with Shinsuke Sato returning as director, and the core cast returning to reprise their roles.[39] The film is set to premiere in 2022.[40]

Video games

A PlayStation Portable beat 'em up styled video game was released on November 25, 2010, entitled Kingdom Ikki Tousen No Tsurugi.[41] The game was released only in Japan.

A free-to-play mobile game called Kingdom: Seven Flags was released on October 24, 2016, in Japan.[42]

A free-to-play mobile game called Kingdom Ran -Tenkatōitsu e no Michi- (キングダム 乱 -天下統一への道-, "Kingdom War -Road to Unification-"), was released on February 22, 2018.[43][44]

Reception

The series had over 30 million copies in print as of April 2017,[45] 38 million copies in print as of December 2018,[46] and over 47 million copies in print as of November 2019.[47] As of December 2020, the manga had over 70 million copies in circulation and its 60th volume was the series' first volume with a first run of 1 million copies.[48] In December 2021, the manga had over 84 million copies in circulation.[49] As of February 2022, the manga had over 87 million copies in circulation.[50]

Kingdom was the 5th best-selling manga of 2015, with over 8.5 million copies sold.[51] It was the 3rd best-selling manga of 2016, with over 6.5 million copies sold.[52] It was the 3rd best-selling manga of 2017, with over 6.1 million copies sold.[53] It was the 6th best-selling manga of 2018, with over 4.9 million copies sold.[54] Kingdom was the 3rd best selling manga in 2019, with over 7.6 million copies sold.[55] Kingdom was the 2nd best-selling manga series in 2020, with over 8.2 million copies sold.[56] It was the 9th best selling manga in 2021, with over 4.6 million copies sold.[57]

Kingdom was the grand prize winner for the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize in 2013 with one judge commenting, "I can't remember the last time I read nearly 30 volumes (of a manga title) in a row feeling this excited."[58] Kingdom won the first annual Tsutaya Comic Awards' All-Time Best Section in 2017.[59] In 2019, on the 19th "Book of the Year" list by Kadokawa Media Factory's Da Vinci magazine, Kingdom topped the list.[60] On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150.000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, Kingdom ranked 13th.[61]

The manga earned a Guinness World Record on December 12, 2012 for Manga written by the most people. The record was due to its "Social Kingdom" campaign in which fans and other artists were given the task of redrawing the entire 26th volume. Participants included manga creators Eiichiro Oda (One Piece), Masashi Kishimoto (Naruto), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizarre Adventure), Takehiko Inoue (Slam Dunk), Hiroshi Motomiya (Salary Man Kintaro), as well as voice actors and fans.[62] The Social Kingdom campaign was one of the Entertainment Division's Jury Recommended Works at the 16th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2012.[63]

Notes
  1. Series Director (シリーズディレクター)
  2. Although not co-credited alongside Pierrot, IKIF+ was responsible for the series' extensive usage of CG animation for characters and backgrounds in the first season (and to a lesser extent in the second season),[4][5] which Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network described as being "at times downright ugly."[3] IKIF+'s contributions to the series' first season is at least noteworthy in this regard.

References
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