List of the oldest people by country

This is a list of the oldest people by country and in selected territories. It includes the individual(s) for each given country or territory who are not reported to have had the longest lifespan. Such records can only be determined to the extent that the given country's records are reliable. Comprehensive birth registration is largely a 20th-century phenomenon, so records establishing human longevity are necessarily fragmentary. The earliest comprehensive recordkeeping systems arose in Western Europe. For example, the United Kingdom organized a central recordkeeping system for England and Wales in 1837, making it compulsory by 1874.[1] The list of oldest people is heavily skewed toward Western countries; this is not necessarily simply due to better chances of survival. Additionally, the proportion of the world population from current developed nations was far higher over a century ago than today; the table of nations below represents less than 20% of the current global population, and the European-descended population alone constituted some 36% of the world population in 1900.[2] Similarly, Japan continues to drop in world population rankings.

Oldest ever

This list comprises longest-lived individuals who were born and are living or died in each country. Where known, records for both males and females are noted, as are those born in one country who emigrated to another. Multiple entries for a given country and sex indicate that the oldest person is disputed. Entries for living people are rendered by   Living.

CountryNameSexBirth dateDeath dateAge
AlbaniaZenepe Pirani[lower-alpha 1][3][4] (born in Montenegro)
F
10 May 1910June/July 2021111 years, c.35-75 days
ArgentinaCasilda Benegas-Gallego[5] (born in Paraguay)
F
8 Apr 1907Living115 years, 23 days
Evangelista Luisa Lopez de Contarino[5]
F
21 Jun 190728 Aug 2021114 years, 68 days
ArmeniaLucy Mirigian[lower-alpha 2] (died in the U.S.)
F
15 Aug 190612 Feb 2021114 years, 181 days[6]
AustraliaChristina Cock[lower-alpha 3]
F
25 Dec 188722 May 2002114 years, 148 days[6]
Dexter Kruger
M
13 Jan 191020 Jul 2021111 years, 188 days[7]
AustriaIlse Weiszfeld (died in France)
F
16 Oct 190422 Apr 2017112 years, 188 days[5]
Maria Mika[lower-alpha 4] (born in the Czech Republic)
F
23 May 188217 Nov 1994112 years, 178 days[6]
Hermine Nistler
F
24 Dec 190013 Feb 2012111 years, 51 days[6]
Leopold Vietoris
M
4 Jun 18919 Apr 2002110 years, 309 days[6]
BarbadosJames Sisnett[lower-alpha 5]
M
22 Feb 190023 May 2013113 years, 90 days[6]
BelarusMollye Marcus[lower-alpha 6] (died in the U.S.)
F
18 Oct 189918 Feb 2011111 years, 123 days[6]
BelgiumJoanna Turcksin-Deroover
F
3 Jun 18906 Dec 2002112 years, 186 days[6]
Jan Machiel Reyskens[lower-alpha 7] (died in the Netherlands)
M
11 May 18787 Jan 1990111 years, 241 days[6]
Jan Goossenaerts
M
30 Oct 190021 Mar 2012111 years, 143 days[6]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaJovan Jovanović[lower-alpha 8] (born in Montenegro)
M
16 Sept 1906[8]1 Oct 2016[9]110 years, 15 days[10]
BrazilFrancisca Celsa dos Santos
F
21 Oct 19045 Oct 2021116 years, 349 days[6]
CanadaMarie-Louise Meilleur
F
29 Aug 188016 Apr 1998117 years, 230 days[6]
James McCoubrey (died in the U.S.)
M
13 Sep 19015 Jul 2013111 years, 295 days[6]
Ja Hyung Lee[lower-alpha 9] (born in Korea)
M
27 Aug 1910[11][12]12 Feb 2022111 years, 169 days
Cape VerdeAdelina Domingues[lower-alpha 10] (died in the U.S.)
F
19 Feb 188821 Aug 2002114 years, 183 days[6]
ColombiaSofia Rojas
F
13 Aug 1907Living114 years, 261 days[5]
Daniel Guzmán-García
M
6 Feb 189721 May 2008111 years, 105 days[6]
CroatiaJelisaveta Veljkovic[lower-alpha 11][13] (died in Serbia)
F
18 Jul 190420 Oct 2016112 years, 94 days[14]
Josip Kršul[lower-alpha 12]
M
10 Dec 19115 Mar 2021109 years, 85 days[15]
CubaFaustina Sarmiento-Pupo
F
15 Feb 190516 Sep 2019114 years, 213 days[5]
Czech RepublicMaria Mika[lower-alpha 4] (died in Austria)
F
23 May 188217 Nov 1994112 years, 178 days[6]
Marie Bernátková[lower-alpha 13]
F
22 Oct 18574 May 1969111 years, 194 days[6]
DenmarkChristian Mortensen (died in the U.S.)
M
16 Aug 188225 Apr 1998115 years, 252 days[6]
Karla Lindholm Jensen
F
7 May 190810 Dec 2020112 years, 217 days[16]
Georg Ingwersen Jensen
M
14 Jun 190615 May 2016109 years, 336 days[6]
EcuadorMaría Capovilla
F
14 Sep 188927 Aug 2006116 years, 347 days[6]
EstoniaMarta Kallas[lower-alpha 14][17][18] (died in Australia)
F
26 Dec 190431 May 2014109 years, 156 days
Elle Malberg[lower-alpha 14][19]
F
10 Apr 190716 Dec 2015108 years, 250 days
Arved Tamm[lower-alpha 14][19]
M
31 Jan 191014 Nov 2017107 years, 287 days[6]
FinlandMaria Rothovius[lower-alpha 15][20]
F
2 Oct 188717 Jun 2000112 years, 259 days
Aarne Arvonen[lower-alpha 15]
M
4 Aug 18971 Jan 2009111 years, 150 days[6]
FranceJeanne Calment
F
21 Feb 1875[lower-alpha 16]4 Aug 1997122 years, 164 days[6][lower-alpha 16]
Lucile Randon,[5][22][23] aka Sister André
F
11 Feb 1904Living118 years, 79 days
Marcel Meys
M
12 Jul 190915 Dec 2021[24]112 years, 156 days[25][26]
GermanyAugusta Holtz[lower-alpha 17] (died in the U.S.)
F
3 Aug 187121 Oct 1986115 years, 79 days[6]
Gustav Gerneth[lower-alpha 18]
M
15 Oct 190521 Oct 2019[27]114 years, 6 days[28]
Mathilde Mange[29]
F
10 Aug 190628 Oct 2019113 years, 79 days[30]
GreeceKaterina Karnarou[lower-alpha 19]
F
25 Jul 190529 Oct 2020115 years, 96 days[31][32][33][34]
Gregory Pandazes[lower-alpha 20] (died in the U.S.)
M
15 Jan 187322 Dec 1983110 years, 341 days[6]
HungaryVeronika Zsilinszki[lower-alpha 21][35][36]F4 Feb 190820 Apr 2021[37]113 years, 75 days
Elizabeth Stefan[lower-alpha 22] (died in the U.S.)
F
13 May 18959 Apr 2008112 years, 332 days[38]
Zoltan Sarosy[lower-alpha 22] (died in Canada)
M
23 Aug 190619 Jun 2017110 years, 300 days
Rezső Gallai[lower-alpha 22][39]
M
29 Jan 190425 Sep 2014110 years, 239 days[39]
IcelandGuðrún Björnsdóttir[lower-alpha 23] (died in Canada)[40]
F
20 Oct 188826 Aug 1998109 years, 310 days
Sólveig Pálsdóttir[lower-alpha 23][40]
F
20 Aug 189728 Oct 2006109 years, 69 days
Georg Ólafsson[lower-alpha 23][40][41][42][43]
M
26 Mar 190922 Feb 2017107 years, 333 days
IndiaLucy d'Abreu[lower-alpha 24] (died in the U.K.)
F
24 May 18927 Dec 2005113 years, 197 days[6]
IrelandKathleen Snavely[lower-alpha 25] (died in the U.S.)[44]
F
16 Feb 19026 Jul 2015113 years, 140 days
Katherine Plunket[lower-alpha 25]
F
22 Nov 182014 Oct 1932111 years, 327 days[6]
IsraelYisrael Kristal[lower-alpha 26] (born in Poland)[5]
M
15 Sep 190311 Aug 2017113 years, 330 days
Maria Pogonowska[lower-alpha 26] (born in Poland)
F
30 Oct 189715 Jul 2009111 years, 258 days[6]
ItalyEmma Morano-Martinuzzi[5]
F
29 Nov 189915 Apr 2017117 years, 137 days
Antonio Todde
M
22 Jan 18893 Jan 2002112 years, 346 days[6]
JamaicaViolet Brown[lower-alpha 27][5]
F
10 Mar 190015 Sep 2017117 years, 189 days
JapanKane Tanaka[5]
F
2 Jan 190319 Apr 2022119 years, 107 days
Jiroemon Kimura[5]
M
19 Apr 189712 Jun 2013116 years, 54 days
LatviaKsenija Mitušova[lower-alpha 28][45]
F
10 Feb 18996 Jan 2012112 years, 330 days
LebanonAdma Tura[lower-alpha 29] (died in France)
F
25 Dec 19063 Sep 2018111 years, 252 days[46][47]
LithuaniaEmilija Kristopaitiene[lower-alpha 30]
F
15 Oct 190214 Mar 2014111 years, 150 days[48][49]
LuxembourgGermaine Litwinski-Kauffmann
F
4 Mar 1908[50]17 Jan 2019[51]110 years, 319 days
Jean Ley
M
10 Feb 190320 Feb 2013110 years, 10 days[5]
MaltaMaria Farrugia[lower-alpha 31]
F
7 Mar 1912Living110 years, 55 days[52]
MexicoDominga Velasco (died in the U.S.)[5]
F
12 May 190111 Oct 2015114 years, 152 days
Antonia Valderrama Ocampo
F
11 Apr 19079 Jun 2020113 years, 59 days
Wenceslao Leyva Gonzalez
M
28 Sep 190327 Dec 2016113 years, 90 days
MoldovaGoldie Steinberg[lower-alpha 32] (died in the U.S.)[5]
F
30 Oct 190016 Aug 2015114 years, 290 days
MontenegroJovan Jovanović[lower-alpha 8] (died in Bosnia and Herzegovina)
M
16 Sept 1906[8]1 Oct 2016[9]110 years, 15 days[10]
NetherlandsHendrikje van Andel-Schipper
F
29 Jun 189030 Aug 2005115 years, 62 days[6]
Jan Machiel Reyskens[lower-alpha 7] (born in Belgium)
M
11 May 18787 Jan 1990111 years, 241 days[6]
Jan Pieter Bos
M
12 Jul 189115 Dec 2002111 years, 156 days[20]
New ZealandFlorence Finch (born in the U.K.)
F
22 Dec 189310 Apr 2007113 years, 109 days[6]
Madeline Anderson[lower-alpha 33]
F
4 May 190719 Jun 2018111 years, 46 days[53]
NorwayMaren Bolette Torp[lower-alpha 34]
F
21 Dec 187620 Feb 1989112 years, 61 days[6]
Herman Smith-Johannsen[lower-alpha 34] (died in Canada)
M
15 Jun 18755 Jan 1987111 years, 204 days[6]
PanamaClara Cedeño Tello[5]
F
12 Aug 190611 Jan 2020113 years, 152 days
ParaguayCasilda Benegas-Gallego[5] (living in Argentina)
F
8 Apr 1907Living115 years, 23 days
PeruCarlos Valenzuela Castro[54][55] (died in the U.S.)
M
24 Sep 190530 Mar 2016110 years, 188 days
Julia Dougherty (died in the U.S.)
F
20 Aug 18934 Dec 2003110 years, 106 days[6]
PolandTekla Juniewicz[lower-alpha 35][5]
F
10 Jun 1906Living115 years, 325 days
Yisrael Kristal[lower-alpha 36] (died in Israel)[5]
M
15 Sep 190311 Aug 2017113 years, 330 days
PortugalMaria de Jesus
F
10 Sep 18932 Jan 2009115 years, 114 days[5]
Augusto Moreira de Oliveira
M
6 Oct 189613 Feb 2009112 years, 130 days[5]
RomaniaDumitru Comănescu[56]
M
8 Nov 190827 Jun 2020[57]111 years, 232 days
Maria Corba[lower-alpha 37] (died in Germany)
F
15 Aug 18788 Mar 1989110 years, 205 days[6]
RussiaLillian Joelson[lower-alpha 38] (died in the U.S.)
F
20 Aug 189630 Dec 2007111 years, 132 days[6]
Saint Kitts and NevisMaria Luisa Benjamin[lower-alpha 39] (died in Aruba)
F
23 July 19101 Nov 2021111 years, 101 days[58][59][60]
SeychellesNancy Marie[lower-alpha 40]
F
26 Jan 190911 May 2021[61]112 years, 105 days
SerbiaJelisaveta Veljkovic[lower-alpha 11][13] (born in Croatia)
F
18 Jul 190420 Oct 2016112 years, 94 days[14]
SlovakiaMaria Brandes[lower-alpha 41] (died in Germany)
F
11 Aug 19026 Feb 2013110 years, 179 days[62]
Mária Čeremugová[lower-alpha 41]
F
11 Sep 1909[63]5 Dec 2018[64]109 years, 85 days
SloveniaKatarina Marinič[lower-alpha 42]
F
30 Oct 18992 Sep 2010110 years, 307 days[6]
Niko Dragoš[lower-alpha 42][65][66][67]
M
27 Aug 190731 Mar 2018[68]110 years, 216 days
South AfricaJohanna Booysen
F
17 Jan 185716 Jun 1968111 years, 151 days[6]
SpainAna María Vela Rubio[5]
F
29 Oct 190115 Dec 2017116 years, 47 days
Joan Riudavets
M
15 Dec 18895 Mar 2004114 years, 81 days[6]
SwedenAstrid Zachrison
F
15 May 189515 May 2008113 years, 0 days[6]
Carl Mattsson
M
7 Mar 190824 Jul 2019111 years, 139 days[69]
SwitzerlandRosa Rein[lower-alpha 43] (born in Germany)
F
24 Mar 189714 Feb 2010112 years, 327 days[6]
Alice Schaufelberger[70]
F
11 Jan 190816 Nov 2020112 years, 310 days
Rodolphe Buxcel[lower-alpha 44][71] (born in Ukraine,
died in the U.S.)
M
5 Sep 190826 Feb 2019[72]110 years, 174 days
Pierre Gremion
M
5 Mar 190213 Feb 2012109 years, 345 days[6]
UkraineGoldie Michelson[lower-alpha 45] (died in the U.S.)
F
8 Aug 19028 Jul 2016113 years, 335 days[6]
United KingdomCharlotte Hughes
F
1 Aug 187717 Mar 1993115 years, 228 days[6]
Henry Allingham
M
6 Jun 189618 Jul 2009113 years, 42 days[5]
United StatesSarah Knauss
F
24 Sep 188030 Dec 1999119 years, 97 days[6]
Christian Mortensen (born in Denmark)
M
16 Aug 188225 Apr 1998115 years, 252 days[6]
Mathew Beard
M
9 Jul 187016 Feb 1985114 years, 222 days[6]
UruguayManolita Piña (born in Spain)
F
24 Feb 188311 Jun 1994111 years, 107 days[6]

Territorial and overseas regions recordholders

Below is a list of oldest people in the territories of selected countries. Entries for living people are rendered by   Living.

CountryTerritoryNameSexBirth dateDeath dateAge[†]
DenmarkFaroe IslandsTheodor Thomassen[73]
M
28 Oct 19089 Mar 2016107 years, 133 days
Kala Jensen
F
3 Sep 1915[74]1 Feb 2022[75]106 years, 151 days
GreenlandAgnethe Fencker[76]
F
24 Oct 19107 April 2013102 years, 165 days
Anton Geisler[77][78]
M
21 Feb 191928 Feb 2021102 years, 7 days
FinlandÅlandAnna Hagman[lower-alpha 15]
F
27 Dec 189518 Apr 2006110 years, 112 days[6]
FranceFrench GuianaEudoxie Baboul
F
1 Oct 19011 Jul 2016114 years, 274 days[5]
GuadeloupeLuce Maced (died in Martinique)
F
2 May 188625 Feb 2000113 years, 299 days[6]
Marthe Esther Roch
F
19 Aug 190721 Sep 2020[79]113 years, 33 days[6]
Julien Emile Arsene
M
18 May 191112 June 2021110 years, 25 days[80][81][82]
MartiniqueLuce Maced (born in Guadeloupe)
F
2 May 188625 Feb 2000113 years, 299 days[6]
Julie Montabord
F
17 Apr 190618 Jul 2019113 years, 92 days[5]
Jules Théobald
M
17 Apr 19095 Oct 2021112 years, 171 days[83]
New CaledoniaMarie-Louise Lhuillier
F
26 Jun 189528 Dec 2007112 years, 185 days[6]
RéunionMarie-Isabelle Diaz (born in Algeria)
F
22 Feb 189829 Oct 2011113 years, 249 days[6]
Julia Sinédia-Cazour
F
12 Jul 18926 Oct 2005113 years, 86 days[6]
Jean-Clementis Amano
M
7 Oct 190815 Jun 2019110 years, 251 days[84]
Saint BarthélemyEugénie Blanchard
F
16 Feb 18964 Nov 2010114 years, 261 days[6]
NetherlandsArubaMaria Luisa Benjamin[lower-alpha 39] (born in Saint Kitts and Nevis)
F
23 July 19101 Nov 2021111 years, 101 days[60]
BonaireMona Pourier
F
15 Mar 191324 Apr 2019106 years, 40 days[85]
Ricardo Bernardo Statie (died in Aruba)
M
3 Apr 191430 May 2019105 years, 57 days[86][87]
CuraçaoMaria Samson-Leer (born in Aruba)[88][89]
F
1 Feb 190622 Dec 2015109 years, 324 days
Luna Kleinmoedig
F
19 Oct 19077 Mar 2017109 years, 139 days[90]
Orsilio Pablo Pinedo
M
7 Jul 191312 Jan 2020106 years, 189 days[91]
PortugalAzoresAlice Sanders (died in the U.S.)
F
12 May 18977 Nov 2007110 years, 179 days[6]
United KingdomAnguillaElma Mealy Gumbs
F
29 Jun 190518 Nov 2012107 years, 142 days[92]
JerseyBeryl Ada Le Gros
F
30 Aug 191031 Jan 2019108 years, 154 days[93][94]
GuernseyMargaret Ann Neve
F
18 May 17924 Apr 1903110 years, 321 days[6]
United StatesPuerto RicoEmiliano Mercado del Toro[lower-alpha 46][20]
M
21 Aug 189124 Jan 2007115 years, 156 days
Antonia Gerena Rivera (died in the U.S.)[5]
F
19 May 19002 Jun 2015115 years, 14 days
Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan[lower-alpha 46][20]
F
31 Aug 188929 May 2004114 years, 272 days
US Virgin IslandsUrsula Krigger[lower-alpha 47][95]
F
22 Apr 190210 Sep 2015113 years, 141 days

Oldest living by country

This is a list of the oldest living people by country and lists the oldest people confirmed to be alive in the past year, sorted by country. Those born in one country, but who later moved to another are specifically noted.

Independent states
CountryNameSexBirth dateAge as of 1 May 2022
ArgentinaCasilda Benegas-Gallego (born in Paraguay)
F
8 Apr 1907115 years, 23 days[5]
BelgiumMarcelle Lévaz
F
18 Mar 1911111 years, 44 days[96]
Jaak Broekx
M
6 Aug 1914107 years, 268 days[97]
CanadaShige Mineshiba (born in Japan)
F
18 May 1909112 years, 348 days[98]
Reuben Sinclair
M
5 Dec 1911110 years, 147 days[99]
ColombiaSofia Rojas
F
13 Aug 1907114 years, 261 days[5]
FranceLucile Randon, aka Sister André
F
11 Feb 1904118 years, 79 days[5][22][23]
André Boite
M
6 Dec 1910111 years, 146 days[100]
ItalyAngela Tiraboschi
F
19 April 1910112 years, 12 days[101][102]
JapanFusa Tatsumi
F
25 Apr 1907115 years, 6 days[5]
Mikizo Ueda
M
11 May 1910111 years, 355 days[103]
MaltaMaria Farrugia[lower-alpha 31]
F
7 Mar 1912110 years, 55 days[52]
NetherlandsEbeltje Boekema-Hut
F
31 Aug 1911110 years, 243 days[104][105]
PolandTekla Juniewicz[lower-alpha 35]
F
10 Jun 1906115 years, 325 days[5]
Marian Wojewódzki
M
16 Sep 1912109 years, 227 days[106]
PortugalMaria da Encarnacao Sousa
F
20 Mar 1909113 years, 42 days[107]
SeychellesMarguerite Woodfield Pouponeau
F
15 Aug 1912109 years, 259 days[108][61][109]
SpainMaría Brañas Morera (born in the U.S.)
F
4 Mar 1907115 years, 58 days[110][111]
United KingdomEthel Caterham
F
21 Aug 1909112 years, 253 days[112][113]
John Tinniswood
M
26 Aug 1912109 years, 248 days[114]
United StatesBessie Hendricks
F
7 Nov 1907114 years, 175 days[5]
VenezuelaJuan Vicente Pérez Mora
M
27 May 1909112 years, 339 days[115]

Dependent territories
CountryTerritoryNameSexBirth dateAge as of 1 May 2022
NetherlandsArubaJames Williams (born in Suriname)
M
22 Dec 1915106 years, 130 days[116]

Notes
  1. Pirani was born in Podgorica, then a part of the Principality of Montenegro; it is now the capital of Montenegro.
  2. Mirigian was born in Armenia, then a part of the Ottoman Empire.
  3. Cock was born in the former British colony of Victoria, which is now part of Australia.
  4. Mika was a native of Bohemia, which was then a part of Austria-Hungary; it is now located in the Czech Republic.
  5. Sisnett was born in Barbados, which was at the time of his birth part of the colony of the British Leeward Islands; it is now an independent country.
  6. Marcus was a native of Lechovitz, which was then a part of the Russian Empire; it is now located in Belarus.
  7. Reyskens lived (from 1897) and died in the Netherlands, but kept his Belgian citizenship.
  8. Jovanović was born in the Principality of Montenegro, it is now Montenegro.
  9. Lee was born in Busan, five days after Imperial Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan in 1910.
  10. Domingues was born in Cape Verde, which was at the time of her birth a Portuguese colony; now it is an independent country.
  11. Veljkovic was born in Ravna Gora, which was then a part of Austria-Hungary; it is now located in Croatia.
  12. Kršul was a native of Selce, which was then a part of Austria-Hungary; it is now located in Croatia.
  13. Bernátková was a native of Prague, which was then a part of Austria-Hungary; it is now located in the Czech Republic.
  14. Estonia was at the time of their birth a part of the Russian Empire, now it is an independent country.
  15. Finland and its islands were then an autonomous part of the Russian Empire.
  16. Disputed: a November 2018 study advanced the hypothesis that Calment's daughter Yvonne usurped her identity in 1934. Yvonne was born on 19 Jan 1898, which would have made her 99 years, 197 days old upon her death on 4 Aug 1997.[21]
  17. Holtz was born in Czarnikau, which was then part of the German Empire; it is now Czarnków and located in Poland.
  18. Gerneth was born in Stettin, which was then part of the German Empire. It is now part of Poland.
  19. Karnarou was born in Gryllo, near Krestena, in the Kingdom of Greece, which is now Greece.
  20. Pandazes was born in Midilli (Lesbos) in the Ottoman Empire, which is now part of Greece.
  21. Zsilinszki was born in Kevevára, then in Austria-Hungary, now Kovin in Serbia.
  22. Hungary was at that time part of Austria-Hungary.
  23. Björnsdóttir, Pálsdóttir and Ólafsson were born in Iceland, which was at the time of their birth a part of Denmark; now it is an independent country.
  24. d'Abreu was a native of Dharwar, which was then a part of the British Raj; it is now located in India.
  25. Snavely and Plunket were born in Ireland, which was part of the United Kingdom before the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921.
  26. Kristal and Pogonowska were born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire, which is today Poland.
  27. Brown was born in Jamaica, then a British colony.
  28. Mitušova was born in Latvia, which was then a part of the Russian Empire.
  29. Tura was born in Lebanon, then a part of the Ottoman Empire.
  30. Kristopaitiene was a native of Geldauschinken, which was then a part of the Russian Empire; it is now located in Lithuania.
  31. Farrugia was born in Malta, then a British colony.
  32. Steinberg was born in Kishinev, which was then a part of the Russian Empire; it is now located in Moldova.
  33. Anderson was born in New Zealand, which was at the time of her birth a British colony; now it is an independent country.
  34. Torp and Smith-Johannsen were born in Norway, then a part of Sweden–Norway; it is now an independent country.
  35. Juniewicz was born in Krupsko, which was then part of Austria-Hungary; it is now located in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine.
  36. Kristal was born in Congress Poland, part of the Russian Empire; which is today Poland.
  37. Corba was born in Izgar, which was then in the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary. It is now in Romania.
  38. Joelson was born in a part of the Russian Empire which is now in Russia.
  39. Benjamin was a native of Saint Kitts and Nevis, which were then part of the colony of the British Leeward Islands.
  40. Marie and Poupon(n)eau were born in Seychelles, which was at that time a British colony; now it is an independent country.
  41. Brandes and Čeremugová were born in Slovakia, which was then a part of Austria-Hungary.
  42. Marinič and Dragoš were born in Slovenia, then a part of Austria-Hungary.
  43. Rein was born in Dzietzkowitz, near Myslowitz, which was then part of the German Empire. It is now in Poland.
  44. Buxcel was born near Odessa, which was then in the Russian Empire; it is now part of Ukraine. As a colonist in a Swiss settlement at the time of his birth, he was given Swiss citizenship.
  45. Michelson was born in Elizabethgrad, which was then a part of the Russian Empire. It is now part of Ukraine.
  46. Puerto Rico was at that time a part of the Spanish Empire. It is now in the United States.
  47. The US Virgin Islands were at that time the Danish West Indies, a Danish colony. They are now in the United States.

References
  1. "Guinness, Henry Samuel Howard, (1888–10 April 1975), formerly Director, Guinness & Mahon Ltd, Dublin, and Senior Partner in Guinness Mahon & Co., London", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u155141, archived from the original on 22 July 2021, retrieved 22 July 2021
  2. "Giglio-Tos, Graziella", Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Oxford University Press, 31 October 2011, doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00073655, archived from the original on 22 July 2021, retrieved 22 July 2021
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