Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)

He was born at the Château of Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache in Aisne, France to Jean, Duke of Guise (1874–1940), and his wife, Isabelle of Orléans (1878–1961).[1] His family moved to Larache, Morocco in 1909, purchasing a plantation in the Spanish sector, Maarif, and one in the French sector, Sid Mohammed ben Lahsen, after Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912.[1] Here, Henri rose at 4 am daily, accompanying his father to oversee livestock management and crop production on their scattered lands, later in the day being tutored by European governesses and his mother: He acquired fluency in French, Arabic, English, German, Italian and Spanish.[1] He visited relatives in France often, spending the beginning of World War I in Paris while his father sought to fight on the side of the French. Being rebuffed by France, Belgium and the United Kingdom, Prince Jean finally took his family back to Morocco and farming.[1]

In 1921 Henri's governesses were replaced with a series of preceptors, all coming from France. First among these was the abbé Carcenat from Auvergne. In 1923 the abbé Thomas took over Henri's instruction and, being less traditional in his approach, awakened in his charge a hitherto undetected thirst for knowledge.[1] Using the wedding of the prince's sister that year in France as an opportunity, Thomas obtained permission to take Henri to the Parisian banlieues of Meudon and Issy-les-Moulineaux, then working class slums in which the abbé would volunteer to serve the needy daily, bringing Henri into close contact with day laborers.[1] He would later write that this wretched urban experience profoundly affected his future political outlook and sense of justice, contrasting unfavourably with the deprivation to which he was accustomed in Morocco where, he observed, the poor were at least able to enjoy fresh air, space and sunlight while surrounded by relatives and neighbors who shared a near universal poverty, compared to the depressing grime, crowded conditions and anonymity in which Parisian workers toiled amidst extremes of wealth and deprivation.[1] After a year Thomas, whose health suffered in Morocco, was replaced as Henri's preceptor by abbé Dartein, who accompanied the family to France in 1924, preparing the prince for his collegiate matriculation while they occupied an apartment near his parents in Paris.[1]

Henri began a two-year study of mathematics and the sciences at the Catholic University of Louvain in 1924, studying the law for the two years following.[1] His father, having become heir presumptive to the royal claims of the House of Orléans in 1924, betook the family to Europe again but, now banned by law from living openly in France, took up residence at the Manoir d'Anjou, a 15 hectare estate in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre near Brussels, Belgium that had been purchased in 1923 for 75,000 francs.[1] From across the border in France came scholars and veterans of renown to coach Henri for his future role as a royalist leader, including jurist Ernest Perrot, military strategist Général Henri de Gondrecourt[2] and the diplomat Charles Benoist, a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques who would serve as his advisor from 1930.[1]

In 1926, Henri became the Dauphin of France in pretence when his father became the Orléanist claimant to the throne upon the death of his maternal uncle, Philippe, Duke of Orleans.[1]

In 1939, after being refused admission to both the French armed forces and the British armed forces, Henri was allowed to join the French Foreign Legion.[1]

On 8 April 1931, he married Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza. The wedding was celebrated in Palermo Cathedral in Sicily, the same church where their common ancestors, Louis Philippe of France and his Queen Maria Amalia, married in 1809.[6] Guests at the wedding included official representatives of the Brazilian, Italian, Greek, Belgian, Danish, and Spanish royal families.[7] The Count and Countess of Paris had eleven children. They separated in 1986, but never divorced.[8]

In 1984, Henri declared that his son, Henri of Orléans, had lost his rights of inheritance because he had divorced his first wife and married a second time, outside of the Roman Catholic Church. Henri gave his son the lesser-valued title comte de Mortain in place of comte de Clermont, and removed him from the line of succession. After a couple of years, Henri reinstated his son with his previous titles, including reestablishing him as heir and gave his new wife, Micaela Cousiño Quinones de Leon, the title "princesse de Joinville".

Henri deprived his sons Thibaut and Michel of their rights of succession to the throne, because one married a commoner and the other wed a noblewoman whose father had been compromised during the Vichy regime.[1] Later, relenting somewhat, he recognised non-dynastic titles for their wives and children. His decision was later annulled by his son and successor, Henri.

Henri, Count of Paris, died of prostate cancer at Cherisy, near Dreux, France, aged 90 on 19 June 1999. Incidentally, his grandson Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême married on the very same day.

Henri, Count of Paris, and his wife Isabelle had eleven children:

• Broche, François (2001). Le comte de Paris: l'ultime prétendant (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN 2262017417.
• Curley, Jr., Walter J. P. (1973). Monarchs-in-Waiting. New York: Dood, Mead. ISBN 0396068405.
• Delorme, Philippe (2006). L'homme qui rêvait d'être roi (in French). Paris: Buchet-Chastel. ISBN 2283021413.
• Dussault, Louis (1988). Le comte de Paris au Québec (in French). Montréal, Québec: Guérin littérature.
• Fenyvesi, Charles (1979). Splendor in Exile: The Ex-Majesties of Europe. Washington, D.C.: New Republic. ISBN 0915220555.
• Goyet, Bruno (2001). Henri d'Orléans, comte de Paris (1908-1999): le prince impossible (in French). Paris: Jacob. ISBN 2738109349.
• Hériot, Franck; Chabrun, Laurent (2005). La fortune engloutie des Orléans (in French). Paris. ISBN 2259198430.
• Laot, Françoise (1992). La comtesse de Paris (in French). Paris: Plon. ISBN 2259024890.
• Louis, Patrick (1994). Histoire des royalistes: de la Libération à nos jours (in French). Paris: Grancher.
• Meylan, Vincent (2007). Contre-enquête sur le comte et la comtesse de Paris (in French). Paris: Pygmalion. ISBN 9782857048978.
• Montjouvent, Philippe de (1998). Le comte de Paris et sa descendance (in French). Charenton, France: Chaney. ISBN 2913211003.
• Orléans, Jacques d' (1994). Les ténébreuses affaires du Comte de Paris (in French). Paris: Albin Michel. ISBN 222611081X.
• Schott, Cyrille (2012). La rose et le lys : François Mitterrand et le comte de Paris, 1986-1996 : récit (in French). Paris: Plon. ISBN 9782259215299.
• Vimieux, Philippe (1975). Le Comte de Paris: ou, La Passion du présent (in French). Paris: Centre d'études de l'Agora.
• Walter, Xavier (2002). Un roi pour la France: Henri comte de Paris, 1908-1999, essai de biographie intellectuelle et politique pour servir à la réflexion d'un prince du XXIe siècle (in French). Paris: Guibert. ISBN 2868397778.

• Film from Henri d'Orléanses wedding in 1931
• Une manifeste de Comte de Paris. Henri's manifest in Le Figaro in 1937, where he renounce Action Française (French)
• Interview with the Count on France Inter 23 April 1979 (French)
• Biography in The Guardian (1999)
• Biography in Independent (1999)
• Newspaper clippings about Henri, Count of Paris in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW