List of potentially habitable exoplanets

This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets. The list is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog (HEC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HEC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1] There is also a speculative list being developed of Superhabitable planet.

Surface planetary habitability is thought to require orbiting at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[2]

List
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are under 10 Earth masses and smaller than 2.5 Earth radii.[3][1] Earth is included for comparison.

Object Star Star type Mass (M⊕) Radius (R⊕) Density (g/cm3) Flux (F⊕) Teq (K) Period (days) Distance (ly) Refs/Notes
EarthSun (Sol)G2V1.001.00 5.5141.00255365.250[3]
Teegarden's Star bTeegarden's StarM7V≥1.051.02 1.152644.9112.58[4]Radius is estimated[5]
TOI 700 dTOI 700M2V1.721.14 5.6310.8724637.4101
K2-72eK2-72M?V~2.211.29 5.6751.1126124.2217 [6]
TRAPPIST-1dTRAPPIST-1M8V0.300.78 3.391.042584.0539Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kepler-1649cKepler-1649M5V—1.06 5.540.7523719.5301 [9]
Proxima Centauri bProxima CentauriM5V≥1.27≥1.30 4.0160.7022811.1864.25Affected by solar flare, possibly affected by high radiation[10]
Gliese 1061 dGliese 1061M5V1.64— 0.6921813.012
Gliese 1061 cGliese 1061M5V≥1.74— 1.452756.712
Ross 128 bRoss 128M4V≥1.40≥1.80 2.4241.482809.8711.03[11]
Luyten bLuyten's StarM3V≥2.89— 6.451.0625818.6512.36[12]
TRAPPIST-1eTRAPPIST-1M8V0.770.91 5.650.672306.139Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kepler-442bKepler-442K?V—1.35 5.2720.70233112.31193[1]
Wolf 1061cWolf 1061M3V≥3.41— 5.791.3027117.913.8 [1]
Gliese 667 CcGliese 667 CM1V≥3.81— 5.6030.8824728.123.62[13][1]
Kepler-1229bKepler-1229M?V—1.40 5.4260.4921386.8865 [1]
TRAPPIST-1fTRAPPIST-1M8V0.931.05 3.3±0.90.382009.239Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kepler-62fKepler-62K2V—1.41 5.5090.41204267.3981[1][14]
Teegarden's Star cTeegarden's StarM7V≥1.11— 0.3719911.412.58[4]
Kepler-186fKepler-186M1V—1.17 0.29188129.9579[1]
Tau Ceti fTau CetiG8V≥3.93— 3.6550.32190636.112 [1]
TRAPPIST-1gTRAPPIST-1M8V1.151.15 4.1860.2618212.439Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kapteyn bKapteyn's StarM1VI≥4.8— 6.440.4320548.613Not confirmed, controversial[15]
Kepler-452bKepler-452G2V51.63 1.11261384.81799[1][16]Controversial[17]
Kepler-62eKepler-62K2V—1.61 1.15264122.4981[1][18]
Kepler-1652bKepler-1652M?V—1.60 0.8424438.1822
Kepler-1544 bKepler-1544K2V—1.78 0.90248168.81092[1]
Kepler-296eKepler-296K7V—1.52 1.5027634.1737[1][19]
Kepler-283cKepler-283K5V—1.82 0.9024892.71526[1]
K2-296bEPIC 201238110M?V—1.87 1.1526428.2519
Kepler-1410bKepler-1410K?V—1.78 1.3427460.91196
Kepler-1638bKepler-1638G4V—1.87 1.39276259.34973[20]
Kepler-296fKepler-296K7V—1.80 0.6622563.3737[1][21]
Kepler-440bKepler-440K6V—1.91 1.44273101.1981[1]
Kepler-705bKepler-705M?V—2.11 2.9940.8324356.1903
Kepler-1653bKepler-1653K?V—2.17 1.04258140.32461
Gliese 832 cGliese 832M2V≥5.40— 0.9925335.716[1]
Kepler-1606bKepler-1606G?V—2.07 1.41277196.42710[22]
Kepler-1090bKepler-1090K0V—2.25 1.20267198.72800[1]
Kepler-61bKepler-61K7V—2.15 3.61.3927359.91092[1][23]
Kepler-443bKepler-443K3V—2.35 2.90.89247177.72615[1]
Kepler-1701bKepler-1701K?V—2.22 1.37275169.11904[1][24]
Kepler-22bKepler-22G5V—2.38 1.10261289.9635[1][25]
LHS 1140 bLHS 1140M4V6.981.73 7.82+0.98
−0.88		0.5021424.749Confirmed to be rocky[26][27]
Kepler-1552bKepler-1552K?V—2.47 1.10261184.82507
K2-9bK2-9M2V—2.25 1.4527918.4270[1][28]
Kepler-1540bKepler-1540K?V—2.49 0.92250125.4799
Gliese 180 cGliese 180M2V≥6.40— 0.7823924.339Not confirmed[1][29]
Kepler-298dKepler-298K5V—2.50 1.2927177.51689[1]
Gliese 163 cGliese 163M3V≥6.80— 1.4127725.649[1]
HD 40307 gHD 40307K2V≥7.09— 2.860.67226197.842Not confirmed[1][30]
K2-288BbK2-288 BM3V—1.91 0.4420731.4214
Gliese 3293 dGliese 3293M2V≥7.60— 0.5922348.166[1]
Gliese 229 AcGliese 229 AM1V≥7.27— 0.53216122.018.8
Kepler-174dKepler-174K3V—2.19 0.43206247.41254[1]
Gliese 357 dGliese 357M2V≥6.10— 2.6170.3820055.731
Gliese 625 bGliese 625M2V2.82±0.51 14.62821.3[31]
Kepler-26eKepler-26K2.1 46.81104[32][33]
Kepler-737b Kepler-737 M 4.5 1.96 28.5992 669 Multiple HZ solutions
Luyten 98-59 f* Luyten 98-59 M3V 2.46 >1 ~280 23.15 34.648 Unconfirmed[34]

Previous candidates

Some exoplanet candidates detected by radial velocity that were originally thought to be potentially habitable were later found to most likely be artifacts of stellar activity. These include Gliese 581 d & g,[35] Gliese 667 Ce & f,[13] and Gliese 682 b & c.[29]

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[36][37] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[38][39] and it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[40] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[41] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[1]

Similarly, Tau Ceti e and f were initially both considered potentially habitable,[42] but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, PHL currently only considers planet f potentially habitable.[1] Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable, with highest ESI of 0.88; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Gliese 180 b appears to be another example of a planet once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone.[1]

K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and remain listed in the HEC,[1] but recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptunes and thus unlikely to be habitable.[43][44][45][46][47][48]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015.[49] Several other KOIs, like Kepler-577b and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

See also

References
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