Growth of wind power in the United States

Wind power has been growing in the United States since the 1970s.

An animated map showing the installed wind power capacity in the United States from 1999 to 2015.

History

The growth of wind power in the United States has been enhanced by a production tax credit (PTC), which pays 2.3¢/kWh for the first 10 years. Development has been off and on again due to the expiration and late renewal of the PTC.[1] It expired at the end of 2013,[2][3] only to be restored in December 2014.[4] In 2015 it was renewed but is phased out over a five-year period.[5] One of the goals set by the Department of Energy is to increase the number of states which have over 1,000 MW of wind power to 15 by 2018. By the end of 2015 there were 17. Another goal was to increase the number of states with at least 100 MW to 30 by 2010. As of 2011, there are 29.[6] The 2015 vision for wind calls for 10% generation by wind by 2020 (113 GW), 30% by 2030 (224 GW), and 35% by 2050 (404 GW). It calls for 40 states to each have at least 1 GW, and wind power in all 50 states. Larger wind turbines has expanded the commercial viability of wind to all 50 states.[7] Analysts expect 25 GW more between 2016-18.[8] Wind power became the largest generating source of renewable electricity in the USA in 2019.[9]

Wind power by year

Projected and actual growth of wind power

US DOE growth projection for wind and solar (8.1% from wind and solar by 2040).
Wind and solar generation and capacity from 1983 to 2012.

Cumulative wind power installations by year (MW)[10]
State	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999
Alabama	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Alaska	64	64	63	62	62	62	62	62	59	11	8.7	8.5	3.7	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7
Arizona	618	268	268	268	268	268	238	238	238	139	128.1	63	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arkansas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0	0	0	0
California	5,922	5,973	5,885	5,609	5,662	6,108	5,917	5,830	5,542	3,917	3,252.6	2,798	2,536.7	2,439.1	2,376.1	2,149.5	2,095	2,024.9	1,823.1	1,683.1	1,616	1,616
Colorado	4,692	3,762	3,706	3,104	3,026	2,992	2,593	2,332	2,301	1,805	1,298.6	1,244.3	1,067.7	1,066.8	290.8	230.8	230.7	223.2	61.2	61.2	21.6	21.6
Connecticut	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Florida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaii	233	206	206	206	203	203	206	206	206	92	63.1	63.1	63.1	63.1	42.1	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Idaho	973	973	973	973	973	973	973	973	973	618	353	146.8	75.6	75.3	75.3	75.2	0.2	0.2	0	0	0	0
Illinois	6,409	5,350	4,861	4,332	4,026	3,842	3,568	3,568	3,568	2,742	2,044.6	1,547.5	915.1	699.4	107.2	107.2	51.1	50.4	0	0	0	0
Indiana	2,968	2,317	2,317	2,117	1,895	1,895	1,745	1,544	1,543	1,340	1,339.2	1,036	130.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iowa	11,660	10,190	8,422	7,308	6,917	6,212	5,688	5,178	5,133	4,322	3,674.9	3,603.9	2,791.2	1,272.9	932.2	836.3	634	471.8	422.7	324.2	242.4	242.4
Kansas	7,016	6,128	5,653	5,110	4,451	3,766	2,967	2,967	2,713	1,274	1,074	1,021	921	364.2	364.2	263.7	113.7	113.7	113.7	113.7	1.5	1.5
Kentucky	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Louisiana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maine	996	923	923	923	901	613	440	431	431	397	266.2	174.7	46.6	42.1	9.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maryland	191	191	191	191	190	190	160	120	120	120	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Massachusetts	120	120	113	115	115	107	107	106	103	47	17.7	15	5.7	5	3.5	1.1	1	1	1	1	0.3	0.3
Michigan	2,681	2,190	1,904	1,860	1,611	1,531	1,525	1,163	988	377	164.4	138.5	144.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	0.6	0.6
Minnesota	4,299	3,843	3,779	3,699	3,526	3,235	3,035	2,987	2,987	2,718	2,205.4	1,810	1,752.8	1,299.8	895.9	745.4	600.1	558.3	337.7	319.8	291.2	273.4
Mississippi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Missouri	1,987	959	959	959	959	659	459	459	459	458	459	457	308.5	162.5	61.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montana	880	800	800	695	685	665	665	645	645	386	385.5	375	271.5	152.9	145.9	136.9	1.1	1.1	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nebraska	2,531	2,142	1,972	1,426	1,328	890	812	534	459	337	212.9	152.9	116.9	71.9	73.4	73.4	14	14	14	2.8	2.8	2.8
Nevada	152	152	152	152	152	152	152	152	152	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Hampshire	185	185	185	185	185	185	171	171	171	26	25.5	25.2	25.1	1.1	1.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Jersey	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	7.6	7.6	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Mexico	2,723	1,953	1,732	1,682	1,112	1,080	812	778	778	750	699.9	597.5	497.5	496	496	406	266	206	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
New York	1,987	1,987	1,987	1,829	1,827	1,749	1,748	1,722	1,638	1,403	1,274.3	1,274.3	831.8	424.8	370.3	185.5	48.5	48.5	48.5	48.2	18.2	0
North Carolina	208	208	208	208	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Dakota	3,989	3,628	3,155	2,996	2,746	2,143	1,886	1,681	1,680	1,445	1,423.6	1,202.6	714.5	344.8	178.3	97.8	66.3	66.3	4.8	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ohio	864	738	729	617	545	443	435	428	428	112	9.6	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.2	7.2	3.6	0	0	0	0
Oklahoma	9,048	8,172	8,072	7,495	6,645	5,184	3,782	3,134	3,134	2,007	1,481.8	1,031.2	708.1	689	534.5	474.5	176.3	176.3	0	0	0	0
Oregon	3,737	3,423	3,213	3,213	3,163	3,153	3,153	3,153	3,153	2,513	2,103.6	1,758.1	1,067.2	885.4	438.1	337.6	262.6	259.3	218.3	156.5	25.1	25.1
Pennsylvania	1,459	1,459	1,369	1,369	1,369	1,340	1,340	1,340	1,340	789	748.2	748.2	360.7	293.5	179	129	129	129	34.5	34.5	10.5	0.1
Rhode Island	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	2	2.4	2.4	0.7	0.7	0.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Carolina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Dakota	2,305	1,525	1,019	977	977	977	803	783	783	784	709.2	313.2	186.8	98.3	44.3	44.3	44.3	44.3	3	2.6	0	0
Tennessee	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	2	2	2	2	0
Texas	33,133	28,843	24,899	22,637	20,321	17,713	14,098	12,355	12,214	10,394	10,089.4	9,403.4	7,112.7	4,353.4	2,735.8	1,992.1	1,290.3	1,290.3	1,095.8	1,095.8	183.5	183.5
Utah	391	391	391	391	391	327	325	325	325	325	223.3	223.3	19.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0
Vermont	149	149	149	149	119	119	119	119	119	46	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1
Virginia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Washington	3,395	3,085	3,075	3,075	3,075	3,075	3,075	2,808	2,808	2,573	2,104.4	1,848.9	1,375	1,163.2	818.1	390	240.6	243.9	228.3	180.2	0	0
West Virginia	742	686	686	686	686	583	583	583	583	564	430.5	330	330	146	66	66	66	66	66	0	0	0
Wisconsin	746	737	737	746	648	648	648	648	648	648	631	468.9	449.1	449	53	53	53	53	53	53	53	23
Wyoming	2,738	1,589	1,489	1,489	1,490	1,410	1,410	1,410	1,410	1,412	1,412.3	1,099.3	676.3	288.5	288.5	288.5	284.6	284.6	140.6	140.6	0.6	72.5
U.S. total	122,465	105,583	96,487	89,078	82,171	74,471	65,880	61,107	60,005	46,916	40,267	34,863	25,410	16,907	11,575	9,147	6,723	6,350	4,687	4,232	2,539	2,472

Generation

The United States uses approximately 4 million GWh/year.

Annual wind power generation (GWh)[11]
State	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000
Alaska	158.2	153.6	145.3	37.39	12.45	12.61	7.027	0.068	1.012	0.788	0.589				0.950	0
Arizona	445.5	472.5	449.8	531.6	255.6	134.9	29.54	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
California	12,228	13,776	12,822	9,754	7,752	6,079	5,840	5,385	5,585	4,883	4,262	4,306	3,895	3,803	3,500	3,518
Colorado	7,441	7,351	7,204	5,969	5,200	3,452	3,164	3,221	1,292	865.5	776.2	220.1	147.1	139.0	48.64	0
Connecticut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware	4.923	4.705	4.458	3.638	4.825	2.556	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaii	601.3	585.3	503.3	378.2	340.8	261.1	251.4	240.0	238.2	79.674	6.632	7.495	1.572	1.614	2.122	17.003
Idaho	2,457	2,778	2,460	1,891	1,307	440.7	313.4	207.5	172.3	169.6	0	0	0	0	0	0
Illinois	10,733	10,077	9,625	7,727	6,213	4,454	2,820	2,337	664.4	254.6	141.15	78.073	18.024	0	0	0
Indiana	4,516	3,495	3,481	3,210	3,285	2,934	1,403	238.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iowa	17,878	16,295	15,568	14,032	10,709	9,170	7,421	4,084	2,757	2,318	1,647	1,050	982.0	918.8	487.9	493.8
Kansas	10,927	10,844	9,433	5,195	3,720	3,405	2,863	1,759	1,153	991.9	425.8	358.6	365.9	466.7	39.83
Maine	1,273	1,095	1,048	886.9	706.6	499.2	298.6	131.6	99.07	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maryland	433.5	323.5	321.7	321.7	270.7	1.494	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Massachusetts	220.1	224.0	204.9	89.67	61.38	22.07	5.956	3.672	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michigan	4,778	3,875	2,800	1,132	456.5	360.3	300.2	141.2	2.723	2.212	1.848	1.875	2.660	0.329	0.280	0
Minnesota	9,797	9,060	8,259	7,615	6,726	4,792	5,053	4,355	2,639	2,055	1,582	812.4	977.8	905.8	897.0	724.5
Missouri	1,034	1,131	1,167	1,245	1,178	925.5	499.4	203.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montana	1,962	1,966	1,755	1,262	1,265	930.2	820.9	593.1	495.8	436.0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nebraska	3,154	2,736	1,802	1,284	1,051	421.6	382.6	214.2	216.8	261.2	96.61	38.43	38.22	8.078	2.630	0
Nevada	309.7	300.1	250.5	128.8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Hampshire	419.2	416.8	389.2	208.7	66.09	75.69	62.48	10.32	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Jersey	22.14	11.90	10.88	11.57	10.52	12.65	20.92	20.89	20.41	15.99	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Mexico	2,067	2,263	2,193	2,226	2,104	1,832	1,547	1,643	1,393	1,255	794.6	513.5	182.7	0	0	0
New York	3,956	3,971	3,539	2,680	2,828	2,596	2,266	1,251	833.5	655.4	103.0	116.4	41.20	81.63	20.54	10.34
North Carolina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Dakota	6,530	6,349	5,519	5,275	5,236	4,096	2,998	1,693	620.8	369.5	220.3	214.5	58.88	0	0	0
Ohio	1,206	1,152	1,146	985.5	198.4	12.58	14.11	15.08	14.75	14.40	13.27	0	0	0	0	0
Oklahoma	14,018	11,862	11,162	8,158	5,605	3,808	2,698	2,358	1,849	1,712	847.8	572.7	54.47	0	0	0
Oregon	6,675	7,580	7,456	6,343	4,775	3,920	3,470	2,575	1,247	931.2	734.3	619.0	443.6	376.16	88.59	66.70
Pennsylvania	3,352	3,584	3,352	2,129	1,794	1,854	1,075	729.4	470.0	361.1	284.2	306.3	111.5	57.77	11.18	9.813
Rhode Island	14.77	7.025	2.590	1.380	2.912	3.124	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Dakota	2,481	2,916	2,688	2,915	2,668	1,372	421.0	145.1	150.0	149.0	158.1	157.7	44.25	6.043	0.871	0
Tennessee	45.84	51.14	46.74	47.49	53.14	40.57	51.75	50.12	49.94	54.60	3.339	3.813	3.933	4.068	0	0
Texas	44,959	39,371	35,874	32,214	30,548	26,251	20,026	16,225	9,006	6,671	4,237	3,138	2,570	2,656	1,188	492.1
Utah	621.4	664.8	539.8	703.9	572.8	447.7	159.5	23.90	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vermont	322.7	305.6	236.0	106.9	33.18	13.89	11.59	10.24	10.51	10.69	11.49	11.36	10.83	10.37	12.13	12.25
Washington	7,101	7,264	7,004	6,600	6,262	4,745	3,572	3,657	2,438	1,038	498.5	736.6	603.7	416.6	0	0
West Virginia	1,376	1,451	1,387	1,286	1,103	939.2	742.4	391.9	167.6	173.8	153.9	161.2	169.8	9.023	0	0
Wisconsin	1,641	1,609	1,558	1,558	1,188	1,088	1,052	487.1	109.3	101.4	92.54	103.6	97.58	46.18	72.284	2.728
Wyoming	3,768	4,420	4,433	4,369	4,612	3,247	2,226	962.5	754.9	759.1	717.3	616.5	366.5	447.3	365.2	245.9
U.S. total	190,927	181,791	167,840	140,822	120,177	94,652	73,886	55,363	34,450	26,589	17,811	14,144	11,187	10,354	6,737	5,593

References

Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC)
Dead Air: End of Tax Credit Deflates Wind Power
United States
Update: US Senate approves one-year wind PTC extension
Renewables Boom Expected Thanks to Tax Credit
Mission, Vision, and Goals
Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States
Corina Rivera Linares. "While investment may slow in coming years, plenty of transmission construction, investment happening". Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
"Wind has surpassed hydro as most-used renewable electricity generation source in U.S. - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020.
"U.S. Installed and Potential Wind Power Capacity and Generation". U.S. Department of Energy.
"Detailed State Data". U.S. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved 5 September 2016.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC)

[2] Dead Air: End of Tax Credit Deflates Wind Power

[3] United States

[4] Update: US Senate approves one-year wind PTC extension

[5] Renewables Boom Expected Thanks to Tax Credit

[6] Mission, Vision, and Goals

[7] Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States

[8] Corina Rivera Linares. "While investment may slow in coming years, plenty of transmission construction, investment happening". Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.

[9] "Wind has surpassed hydro as most-used renewable electricity generation source in U.S. - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020.

[10] "U.S. Installed and Potential Wind Power Capacity and Generation". U.S. Department of Energy.

[11] "Detailed State Data". U.S. Energy Information Administration. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved 5 September 2016.

Wind power in the United States
American Wind Energy Association NASA wind turbines United States Wind Energy Policy Wind farms in the US Offshore wind farms in the US Wind Powering America
Wind power by state	Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Large wind farms	Alta Altamont Pass Biglow Canyon Buffalo Gap Capricorn Ridge Cedar Creek Flat Ridge Fowler Ridge Highland Horse Hollow Limon Los Vientos Meadow Lake Papalote Creek Panther Creek Peñascal Roscoe Rush Creek San Gorgonio Pass Sherbino Shepherds Flat Sweetwater Tehachapi Pass
Offshore wind farms	Aqua Ventus I (pilot) Block Island Wind Farm Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind (pilot) Empire Wind (proposed) Marwind (proposed) Mayflower Wind (proposed) Ocean Wind (proposed) Skipjack (proposed) South Fork (proposed) Vineyard Wind (Under construction)
Wind power companies	Aermotor Windmill Company Avangrid Bluewater Wind CIP GE Wind Energy Infigen Energy Invenergy National Wind Native Wind NextEra Energy Resources Ørsted US Offshore Wind Siemens Gamesa UGE International US Wind Vestas Wind Capital Group
Wind power portal Category Commons

Growth of wind power in the United States

History

Wind power by year

Generation

See also

References