Grasslands National Park

Grasslands National Park (French: Parc national des Prairies) is a Canadian national park located near the village of Val Marie, Saskatchewan, and one of 44 national parks and park reserves in Canada's national park system (though one of only two in Saskatchewan itself). This national park is north of the U.S. state of Montana and lies adjacent to the international boundary.

Grasslands National Park
Bison grazing in Grasslands National Park
Location of Grasslands National Park in Canada
Location of Grasslands National Park in Saskatchewan
LocationRural Municipality of Val Marie, Saskatchewan, Canada
Nearest cityVal Marie
Coordinates49°12′03.85″N 107°42.′37.8″W
Area907 km2 (350 sq mi)
Established1981
Visitors11,597[1] (in 2015-16)
Governing bodyParks Canada
Grasslands National Park

The park was established in 1981. Prior to this the province's only national park was Prince Albert National Park. Grasslands annually receives about 12,000 visitors.

Grasslands National Park represents the Prairie Grasslands natural region, protecting one of the nation's few remaining areas of undisturbed dry mixed-grass/shortgrass prairie grassland.[2] The park is located in the World Wildlife Fund-defined Northern short grasslands ecoregion, which spans much of southern Saskatchewan, southern Alberta, and the northern Great Plains states in the US. The unique landscape and harsh, semi-arid climate provide niches for several adapted plants and animals. The park and surrounding area house the country's only black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Fauna found in the park include bison, pronghorns, greater sage-grouses, burrowing owls, coyotes, ferruginous hawks, swift foxes, prairie rattlesnakes, black-footed ferrets, and greater short-horned lizards.[3] Flora includes blue grama grass, needlegrass, plains cottonwood and silver sagebrush.[4]

History
Blackfoot teepee

Erosion by glacial meltwater formed many of the park's characteristic features. Highlights of the park's geological landscape include the Frenchman River Valley, the Seventy Mile Butte, and the badlands of Rock Creek.

In 1874, Sir George Mercer Dawson discovered Western Canada's first dinosaur remains in the Killdeer Badlands during the International Boundary Survey. Later, in 1877, Sitting Bull took refuge in the area with around 5,000 Sioux after the defeat of General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.[5]

Grasslands National Park is on the traditional territory of the Blackfoot (Niitsítapi) people of the Canadian and American plains and is Treaty 4 land.[6]

Visiting
Grasslands National Park, West Block

The West Block of the park is located one hour south of Swift Current, and the main visitor reception centre is located in the town of Val Marie. Highlights of the West Block include the Frenchman River Valley, a herd of over 300 Plains bison as well as prairie dog colonies. A new campground called the Frenchman Valley Campground offers visitors serviced camping sites, teepee camping, and a cook shelter. Backcountry camping is also available. The West Block is located in Division No. 4, Saskatchewan.

The East Block of the park is about an hour's drive south of Assiniboia, near Wood Mountain Regional Park. The interpretive centre is in the McGowan House at the new Rock Creek Campground. The East Block is more of a wilderness area but has views of the badlands of Rock Creek, the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary and prairie skies. The East Block is located in Division No. 3, Saskatchewan.

In 2006, Plains bison from Elk Island National Park in Alberta were reintroduced to Grasslands.[7] By 2015 the herd had grown from the original 71 animals to over 300.[8] The herd is maintained on a 181 km2 section in the park's West Block. On 2 October 2009, in a ceremony at Belza House, the park was declared a dark-sky preserve,[9] and a small population of black-footed ferrets was reintroduced into the prairie dog towns after a 70-year absence. Improved night-lighting practices under the dark-sky agreement ensure that the park remains dark at night, preserving a natural environment for all nocturnal wildlife.[10]

See also

References
  1. Parks Canada Visitation Records Accessed November 17, 2016
  2. Whelan, Piper (3 May 2021). "The struggle to restore native prairie". Canadian Cattlemen. Retrieved 20 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. "Ferrets, foxes and the fringed orchid: Species that suffer when grasslands are threatened". The Nature of Things: Science, Wildlife and Technology. CBC. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  4. Camping in Grasslands National Park, Parks Canada
  5. Grasslands National Park of Canada: Human - Land Relationships - Human History, Parks Canada, archived from the original on 10 February 2013, retrieved 13 April 2012
  6. Native Land Digital. "Map of Indigenous Territories, Treaties, and Languages". Native-Land.ca.
  7. Where buffalo roam, Montreal Gazette, 23 July 2007, archived from the original on 11 April 2014, retrieved 13 April 2012
  8. Bison update, Parks Canada, 10 November 2017, archived from the original on 6 January 2019, retrieved 14 November 2017
  9. "Parks Canada". World Class Astronomy. 29 January 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  10. Grasslands National Park, Parks Canada, retrieved 13 April 2012

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