Foreign relations of Dominica

Like its Eastern Caribbean neighbours, the main priority of Dominica's foreign relations is economic development. The country maintains missions in Washington, New York, London, and Brussels and is represented jointly with other Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) members in Canada. Dominica is also a member of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, and the Commonwealth of Nations. It became a member of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1978 and of the World Bank and Organization of American States (OAS) in 1979.

Politics of Dominica
Executive
Legislative
Elections
Administrative divisions (parishes)
Foreign relations
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    Minister: Kenneth Darroux

As a member of CARICOM, in July 1994 Dominica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force, which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.

In May 1997, Prime Minister James joined 14 other Caribbean leaders, and President Clinton, during the first-ever U.S.-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional cooperation on justice and counternarcotics issues, finance and development, and trade. Dominica previously maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") instead of the People's Republic of China, but on 23 March 2004, a joint communique was signed in Beijing, paving the way for diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic. Beijing responded to Dominica's severing relations with the Republic of China by giving them a $12 million aid package, which includes $6 million in budget support for the year 2004 and $1 million annually for six years.

In June 2020, Dominica was one of 53 countries backing the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[1]

Dominica is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

International disputes

Dominica claims Venezuelan controlled Isla Aves (Known in Dominica as Bird Rock) located roughly 90 km. west of Dominica.[2]

Diplomatic relations
Diplomatic relations of Dominica

List of countries which Dominica has diplomatic relations with:[3]

  1.  Antigua and Barbuda – unknown
  2.  Bahamas – unknown
  3.  Grenada – unknown
  4.  Haiti – unknown
  5.  Italy – unknown
  6.  New Zealand – unknown[4]
  7.  Pakistan – unknown[5]
  8.  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – unknown
  9.  Trinidad and Tobago – unknown
  10.  Barbados – 3 November 1978[6]
  11.  Guyana – 3 November 1978[7]
  12.  Jamaica – 3 November 1978[8]
  13.  South Korea –– 3 November 1978[9]
  14.  Japan – 12 December 1978[10]
  15.  United Kingdom – 1978[11]
  16.  France – 17 January 1979[12]
  17.  Israel – January 1979[13][14]
  18.  Suriname – 1 March 1979[15]
  19.  Canada – 14 March 1979[16]
  20.  Mexico – 19 April 1979[17]
  21.  Luxembourg – 1 May 1979[18]
  22.  United States – 18 July 1979[19]
  23.  Venezuela – 21 December 1979[20]
  24.  Saint Lucia – 1979[21]
  25.  Colombia – 9 December 1980[22]
  26.  Belgium – 1980[23]
  27.  Germany – 3 June 1980[24]
  28.  Netherlands – 1980[25]
  29.  Spain – 1980[26]
  30.   Holy See – 1 September 1981[27]
  31.  Belize – 21 September 1981[28]
  32.  India – 28 March 1982[29]
  33.  Australia – 1982[30]
  34.  Saint Kitts and Nevis – 1983[31]
  35.  Sweden – 3 May 1984[32]
  36.  Argentina – 13 June 1985[33]
  37.  Peru – 18 March 1986[34]
  38.  Brazil – 9 April 1986[35]
  39.  North Korea –21 January 1991[36]
  40.  Chile – 4 October 1991
  41.  Slovenia – 9 July 1993[37]
  42.  Indonesia – April 1994[38]
  43.  Russia – 19 May 1995[39]
  44.  Czech Republic – 13 March 1996
  45.  Cuba – 18 May 1996[40]
  46.  North Macedonia – 18 October 1996[41]
  47.  Portugal – 27 December 1996
  48.  South Africa – 29 April 1998[42]
  49.  Austria – 1999[43][44]
  50.  Libya – 15 January 2001
  51.  Norway – 26 March 2001[45]
  52.  Costa Rica – 10 May 2001
  53.  Ireland – 6 July 2001
  54.  Cyprus – 13 July 2001
  55.  Nigeria – 2002[30]
  56.  Mauritius – 23 September 2003
  57.  Qatar – 20 February 2004
  58.  China – 23 March 2004[46]
  59.  Iceland – 29 June 2004
  60.  Belarus – 9 July 2004[47]
  61.  Maldives – 21 July 2004
  62.  Malta – 11 February 2005[48]
  63.  Greece – 15 November 2005
  64.  Thailand – 25 November 2005[49]
  65.   Switzerland – 2005[50]
  66.  Slovakia – 7 February 2006
  67.  Turkey – 13 April 2006
  68.  Algeria – 22 June 2006
  69.  Estonia – 13 February 2007[51]
  70.  Botswana – 23 July 2007
  71.  Latvia – 27 September 2007[52]
  72.  Hungary – 2 June 2008
  73.  Dominican Republic – 23 July 2008[53]
  74.  Saudi Arabia – 23 January 2009
  75.  Senegal – 28 January 2009
  76.  Romania – 30 January 2009
  77.  Monaco – 27 February 2009[54]
  78.  Nicaragua – 2 June 2009
  79.  Poland – 4 June 2009
  80.  Ecuador – 24 June 2009
  81.  Guatemala – 12 August 2009
  82.  Finland – 19 August 2009[55]
  83.  Ethiopia – 2009[56]
  84.  Serbia – 22 April 2010
  85.  Cambodia – 27 April 2010
  86.  Morocco – 23 June 2010
  87.  Egypt – 7 July 2010
  88.  Georgia – 15 December 2010
  89.  Montenegro – 25 February 2011
  90.  Uruguay – 1 March 2011[57]
  91.  Azerbaijan – 4 March 2011
  92.  Solomon Islands – 7 March 2011[58]
  93.  Tajikistan – 13 April 2011
  94.  Bulgaria – 28 April 2011
  95.  Philippines – 29 April 2011
  96.  Mongolia – 18 October 2011
  97.  Panama – 15 March 2012[59]
  98.  Moldova – 29 May 2012[60]
  99.  Bolivia – 5 June 2012[61]
  100.  Singapore – 6 June 2012[62]
  101.  Gambia – 26 July 2012
  102.  Tuvalu – 26 July 2012
  103.  Croatia – 20 April 2013
  104.  Kazakhstan – 30 April 2013
  105.  El Salvador – 5 June 2013[63]
  106.  Lithuania – 7 October 2013
  107.  Vietnam – 1 November 2013
  108.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – 6 March 2014
  109.  Fiji – 21 March 2014
  110.  Honduras – 5 June 2014[64]
  111.  United Arab Emirates – 17 December 2014
  112.  Malaysia – 19 January 2015[65]
  113.  Paraguay – 5 March 2015[66]
  114.  Turkmenistan – 13 October 2016
  115.  Kyrgyzstan – 17 October 2016
  116.  Djibouti – 9 January 2018[67]
  117.  Ghana – 18 January 2018
  118.  Kiribati – 22 January 2018
  119.  State of Palestine – 18 March 2018[68]
  120.  Sri Lanka – 17 April 2018
  121.  Ivory Coast – 17 May 2018[69]
  122.  Denmark – 20 February 2019[70]
  123.  Armenia – 5 April 2019[71]
  124.  Ukraine – 25 April 2019[72]
  125.  Cabo Verde – 15 May 2019
  126.  Brunei – 22 January 2020
  127.  Kenya – 1 July 2020[73]
  128.  Bangladesh – 24 November 2020
  129.  Rwanda – 15 April 2021
  130.  Afghanistan – 27 April 2021[74]
  131.  Andorra – 30 April 2021
  132.    Nepal – 30 April 2021
  133.  Eritrea – 4 May 2021
  134.  Uganda – 4 May 2021
  135.  Uzbekistan – 14 May 2021[75]
  136.  San Marino – 16 June 2021[76]
  137.  Seychelles – 23 June 2021[77]
  138.  Laos – 29 July 2021
  139.  Sudan – 13 August 2021[78]
  140.  Kuwait – 10 September 2021
  141.  Vanuatu – 20 September 2021
  142.  Timor-Leste – 15 November 2021
  143.  Syria – 7 March 2022[79] (suspended on 18 March 2022)[80]

Bilateral relations
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia

Australia is represented in Dominica through its High Commission in Trinidad and Tobago.[81]

 Austria
  • Since 2016, Austria is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[82][83]
  • Dominica idoes not have any representation in Austria.[84][85]
 Azerbaijan2011

Azerbaijan and Dominica have established diplomatic relations in 2011.[86] Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit made an official visit to Azerbaijan later this year.[87]

 Belize1981
 Bulgaria

Bulgaria is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Cuba.[90]

 Canada1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978.[91]
  • Bilateral relations are described as "close and friendly."[92]
  • Canada is represented in Dominica, through its High Commission in Barbados.[92]
 Colombia1980[93]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1980. Colombia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica.[94]

 Chile

Both countries have diplomatic relations. Both countries waived visa for diplomatic passports holders.[95]

 Croatia2013[96]

Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 30 July 2013.[96]

 People's Republic of China2004[97]

Diplomatic relations were established on 31 March 2004, when Dominica suspended ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan).[98]

 Cuba1996

In December 2005, during the second CARICOM/CUBA summit held in Barbados, heads of CARICOM and Cuba agreed to deepen their ties in the areas of socio-economic and political cooperation in addition to medical care assistance. Since the meeting, Cuba has opened four additional embassies in the Caribbean Community including Dominica.[99]

 Cyprus2001[100]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 13 June 2001 in New York[100]

 Finland2009[101]

Finland recognised Dominica on 23 February 1979. Diplomatic relations were established on 19 August 2009.[101]

 France1979[102]

France is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Saint Lucia. Dominica and France have signed many bilateral agreements.[103]

 Germany1980

Both countries have diplomatic relations since 1980.[104] Political and economic relations are friendly but fairly low-key.[105]

 Greece2005[106]

Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 2005. Greece is represented in Dominica via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Caracas. Dominica has appointed an ambassador accredited to Greece, based in Roseau, Dominica.[106]

 Grenada

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Guyana1978

Dominica and Guyana have established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978.[107] Guyana has a High Commission in Roseau.[108]

 Honduras2014

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 2014[109] during the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in Asunción.

 Hungary

Hungary is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[110][111]

 Iceland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004.[112]
  • Iceland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in New York, United States. Both countries have an agreement on cooperation on geothermal energy.[113]
 Ireland

Ireland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[114][115]

 India1981 See Dominica–India relations

Dominica and India established diplomatic relation in 1981.[116] Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

 Indonesia

Indonesia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela[117]

 Israel1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979.[118]
  • Israel is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  • Both countries have an agreement on visa abolition.[119]
 Italy

Italy is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[120]

 Japan1978[121]

Diplomatic relations were established in December 1978.[121] Japan is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Trinidad and Tobago .[122]

 North Korea1978

Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[123]

 Malaysia
 Malta2005[126]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 11 February 2005 in New York.[126]

 Maldives2004
 Mexico3 April 1979See Dominica–Mexico relations
  • Dominica is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Roseau.[128]
 Monaco

Dominica is represented in Monaco through it embassy in Paris, France.[129]

 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway2001

Dominica and Norway established diplomatic relation on 26 March 2001.[134] Both countries have signed an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters[135] which came into force on 1 January 2012[136]

 Russia1995

Dominica and Russia have established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1995.[137] In April 2018, Dominica has appointed a resident ambassador to the Russia.[138]

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Slovakia

Slovakia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana.[139][140]

 Slovenia

Dominica is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in London.[141]

 South Africa1998[142]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 29 April 1998.[142]

 South Korea1978

Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[143]

 Suriname

Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

  Switzerland1988[144]

Diplomatic and economic relations between Switzerland and Dominica are of minor importance.[144]

 Turkey3 Nov. 1978[145]
 Ukraine2019
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 2019.[147][148][149][150]
  • They also signed a visa waver agreement.[151]
 United Kingdom1979

On 3 November 1978, Dominica received independence from the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

 United States1979 See Dominica–United States relations

The United States and Dominica have friendly relations. United States supports the Dominican government's efforts to expand its economic base and to provide a higher standard of living for its citizens. U.S. assistance is primarily channeled through multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Caribbean Development Bank, as well as through the U.S. Agency for International Development office in Bridgetown, Barbados.

 Venezuela1979

President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez visited Dominica in 2007.[152] Dominica has once claimed the Venezuelan island Isla Aves, but the claim was stopped as Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit has declared that Isla Aves belongs to Venezuela.

Dominica and the Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Dominica has been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1978, when it became an independent from the United Kingdom as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations.

Dominica's highest court of appeal is the Caribbean Court of Justice, in effect from 6 March 2015. Previously, the nation's ultimate court of appeal was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.[153]

See also

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