Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence

The Fagerström Test for Nicotine dependence is a standard instrument for assessing the intensity of addiction to nicotine. It evaluates the quantity of cigarette consumption, the compulsion to use, and dependence. In addition to this, the DSM-5 for tobacco use disorder can be used by physicians and nurse practitioners to make a diagnosis.

Two of the questions are rated between zero to three including: How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette? and How many cigarettes per day do you smoke? The rest of the questions are answered "yes" or "no".[1][2]

The higher the total Fagerström score, the more intense is the patient's physical dependence to nicotine. In many countires nurses and pharmacists can use Fagerström to assess nicotine use and may initiate Nicotine Replacement Therapy.[3][4][5]

References
 This article incorporates public domain material from the National Institutes of Health document: "Instrument: Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence (FTND)".
  1. Afzal, Zubair; Pogge, Elizabeth; Boomershine, Virginia (August 1, 2017). "Evaluation of a Pharmacist and Nurse Practitioner Smoking Cessation Program". Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 30 (4): 406–411. doi:10.1177/0897190016659221 – via SAGE Journals.
  2. Deeks, Louise S.; Kosari, Sam; Develin, Anne; Peterson, Gregory M.; Naunton, Mark (September 29, 2019). "Smoking cessation and the general practice pharmacist". Journal of Smoking Cessation. 14 (3): 186–189. doi:10.1017/jsc.2019.3 – via Cambridge University Press.
  3. Bakan, Ayse Berivan; Aktas, Betül; Aslan, Gülpınar (September 29, 2021). "Identification of the relationship between nicotine dependence levels and cessation fatigue". Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 57 (3): 1482–1488. doi:10.1111/ppc.12715 – via Wiley Online Library.
  4. KRÁLÍKOVÁ, E.; KMEŤOVÁ, A.; ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, L.; ZVOLSKÁ, K.; FELBROVÁ, V.; KULOVANÁ, S.; BORTLÍČEK, Z.; BLAHA, M.; FRASER, K. (15 November 2014). "Tobacco Dependence, the Most Important Cardiovascular Risk Factor: Treatment in the Czech Republic". Physiological Research: S361–S368. doi:10.33549/physiolres.932864. ISSN 1802-9973.
  5. Suchanek Hudmon, Karen; CORELLI, ROBIN L.; Chung, Eunice; Gundersen, Berit; Kroon, Lisa A.; Sakamoto, Leanne M.; Hemberger, Kymberli K.; Fenlon, Christine; Prokhorov, Alexander V (September 1, 2003). "Development and Implementation of a Tobacco Cessation Training Program for Students in the Health Professions". Journal of Cancer Education. 18 (3): 142–149. doi:10.1207/S15430154JCE1803_07. PMID 14512261 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
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