Empress Zhang (Liu Shan's first wife)
Empress Zhang (died July or August 237),[lower-alpha 1] personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Jing'ai (lit. "Respectful and Lamentable Empress"), was an empress of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. She was the eldest daughter of the Shu general Zhang Fei and his wife Lady Xiahou, niece of Wei's general Xiahou Yuan.[2] She married Liu Shan in 221 and became the crown princess of Shu. In 223 when Liu Bei died, Liu Shan ascended the throne of Shu, and Zhang became the empress. She died in 237 and was buried in Nanling (南陵).[3], succeeded by her younger sister
| Empress Zhang 張皇后 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress of Shu Han | |||||
| Tenure | 223 – July or August 237 | ||||
| Predecessor | Empress Wu | ||||
| Successor | Empress Zhang | ||||
| Born | Unknown | ||||
| Died | July or August 237[lower-alpha 1] Chengdu, Sichuan | ||||
| Spouse | Liu Shan | ||||
| |||||
| Father | Zhang Fei | ||||
| Mother | Lady Xiahou | ||||
In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms she doesn't marry Liu Shan till after he is Emperor with Zhuge Liang recommending her for her prudence.
Notes
- Liu Shan's biography in the Sanguozhi recorded that Empress Zhang died in the 6th month of the 15th year of the Jianxing era of Liu Shan's reign.[1] This month corresponds to 11 July to 8 August 237 in the Gregorian calendar.
References
- ([建興]十五年夏六月，皇后張氏薨。) Sanguozhi vol. 33.
- (初，建安五年，時霸從妹年十三四，在本郡，出行樵採，為張飛所得。飛知其良家女，遂以為妻，產息女，為劉禪皇后。) Weilue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- (後主敬哀皇后，車騎將軍張飛長女也。章武元年，納為太子妃。建興元年，立為皇后。十五年薨，葬南陵。) Sanguozhi vol. 34.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Robert Joe Cutter and William Gordon Crowell. Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States with Pei Songzhi's Commentary. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999.
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