Prince Edward, Duke of Kent

Prince Edward was born on 9 October 1935, at No. 3 Belgrave Square, London, to Prince George, Duke of Kent and Princess Marina.[1] Home Secretary Sir John Simon was present to verify the birth. His father was the fourth son of George V and Queen Mary. His mother was the daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia. He was baptised in the Private Chapel of Buckingham Palace on 20 November 1935 by Archbishop of Canterbury Cosmo Lang. His godparents were his grandparents, George V, Queen Mary and Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark; as well as the Prince of Wales; the Princess Royal, the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (whose son, Prince Arthur of Connaught, stood proxy); and the Duchess of Argyll.[2]

Prince Edward began his education at Ludgrove, a preparatory school in Berkshire, before going on to Eton College[3] and then Le Rosey in Switzerland.[4] After school he entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst,[5] where he won the Sir James Moncrieff Grierson prize for foreign languages. Edward speaks fluent French, having been raised in a house where, according to the words of his younger brother, Prince Michael of Kent, his mother and aunts spoke French as a matter of preference.[6]

On 25 August 1942, Prince Edward's father, the Duke of Kent, was killed when his plane crashed in bad weather in Caithness. Prince Edward, at six years old, succeeded his father as Duke of Kent,[7] Earl of St Andrews and Baron Downpatrick. As a member of the royal family, Prince Edward began performing engagements at an early age. In 1952, at the age of 16, he walked behind the coffin of his uncle, George VI, at his state funeral.[8] In 1953, he attended the coronation of his cousin, Elizabeth II, and was the third to pay homage at her throne, following the dukes of Edinburgh and Gloucester.[9]

On 29 July 1955, the Duke of Kent graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst as a second lieutenant in the Royal Scots Greys,[10] the beginning of a military career which lasted over 20 years. He was promoted to captain on 29 July 1961.[11]

From 1962 to 1963, the Duke of Kent served in Hong Kong, later serving on the staff in Eastern Command. He was promoted to major on 31 December 1967.[12] In 1970, the Duke commanded a squadron of his regiment serving in the British Sovereign Base Area in Cyprus, part of the UN force enforcing peace between the Greek and Turkish parts of the divided island. During the early 1970s, the Duke also served in Northern Ireland with his regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 30 June 1973.[13]

The Duke retired from the army on 15 April 1976.[14] He was subsequently promoted to major-general on 11 June 1983[15] and to field marshal on 11 June 1993.[16]

The Duke and Duchess of Kent, 2013

At York Minster on 8 June 1961 the Duke of Kent married Katharine Worsley, the only daughter of Sir William Arthrington Worsley, 4th Baronet by his wife Joyce Morgan Brunner. She converted to Roman Catholicism in 1994,[17] but because the conversion occurred after their marriage, it did not cause the Duke to lose his place in the line of succession, as the Act of Settlement 1701 only applied where the spouse was a Catholic at the time of marriage. The disqualification by marrying a Catholic was removed by the Succession to the Crown Act 2013. They have three living children:

• George, Earl of St Andrews, born 26 June 1962 at Coppins; married Sylvana Tomaselli
• Lady Helen Taylor, born 28 April 1964 at Coppins; married Timothy Taylor [18]
• Lord Nicholas Windsor, born 25 July 1970 at King's College Hospital in London; married, 2006, Paola Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan
• A son, stillborn on 5 October 1977.[19] Two years before the stillbirth, Katharine had an abortion after contracting German measles.[19]

The Duke and Duchess of Kent reside at Wren House, Kensington Palace, in London.[20]

The Duke had a mild stroke on the morning of 18 March 2013.[17] In April 2015, he suffered from a hip injury and was hospitalised at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary for further treatments.[21]

The Duke of Kent by Allan Warren, 1989 portrait photo

The Duke of Kent has performed engagements on behalf of his cousin, the Queen, for over 50 years. The Duke has represented the Queen during independence celebrations in the Commonwealth countries of Sierra Leone,[22] Uganda,[23] Guyana,[24] Gambia[25] Ghana, to commemorate its 50th independence anniversary celebration.[26] He has also acted as Counsellor of State during periods of the Queen's absence abroad.[27]

One of the Duke's major public roles for many years was vice-chairman of British Trade International, formerly known as the British Overseas Trade Board, and later as the United Kingdom's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment. This position saw the Duke travel abroad to represent the British government in fostering trade relations with foreign countries and organisations. Prince Andrew, Duke of York succeeded him in this position, which is today known as UK Trade & Investment (or UKTI), although Prince Andrew resigned from the post in 2011.[28] He was also the vice chairman of the British Overseas Trade Board.[29] In that capacity, he became the first member of the royal family to visit China in 1979 with his focus being on the British Energy Exhibition in Beijing.[30]

From 1971 to 2000, the Duke of Kent was president of English football's governing body, The Football Association. The Duke has served as the president of The Scout Association since 1975.[31] Along with Prince William of Wales, the Duke visited the Centenary World Scout Jamboree at Hylands Park, Chelmsford in July 2007.[32] He also served as the president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club between 1969 and 2021,[33][34] a position in which he succeeded his late mother, Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent.[35] His other roles include president of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission,[36] the RAF Benevolent Fund,[37][38] the Royal National Lifeboat Institution,[39][40] the Stroke Association,[33][41] the Royal United Services Institute,[42] the Royal Institution,[43] the British Racing Drivers' Club,[44] and patron of the American Air Museum in Britain,[45] Royal West Norfolk Golf Club,[46] Kent County Cricket Club,[47] Opera North,[48] Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance,[49] the Duke of York's Royal Military School Dover and St Mungo's Broadway, benefiting the homeless. He is also on the advisory panel for the Mountbatten Medal and presents the medal once the decision has been made. The Duke of Kent is one of the Royal Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering.[50]

For almost 29 years, the Duke has been the patron of Endeavour, a national youth organisation.[51] He has also served as Royal Patron of The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn since 2001, a position previously occupied by his father.[52] In 2015, the Duke received the Dresden Peace Prize for "his contribution to British-German reconciliation."[53]

The Duke was initiated into Royal Alpha Lodge No. 16 on 16 December 1963, and was elected its Worshipful Master for 1965 and 1966.[54]

Having been appointed Senior Grand Warden in 1966, he was elected as Grand Master the following year, and was installed on 14 June 1967 during United Grand Lodge of England's 250th anniversary celebrations at the Royal Albert Hall.[55] He is the 10th, and longest-serving Grand Master of UGLE, the governing body of Freemasonry in England and Wales.

In December 2013, he celebrated 50 years as a freemason.[54] In October 2017 he presided over the tercentenary celebrations of UGLE, marking the 300th anniversary of the founding of the original Grand Lodge, one of two which merged to form UGLE in 1813.[56] The main ceremony was held in the Royal Albert Hall, in the year which also marked the Duke's 50th anniversary of installation as Grand Master.

• Media related to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent at Wikimedia Commons
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Kent
• The Duke of Kent at the Royal Family website
• The United Grand Lodge of England – HRH The Duke of Kent, KG, GCMG, GCVO, ADC (Grand Master)
• Time Article on Birth of Prince Edward