Drepanidini
Drepanidini is a tribe of cardueline finches containing the Hawaiian honeycreepers. It was formerly considered one of three Hawaiian honeycreeper tribes (the others being Hemignathini and Psittirostrini), and restricted to the genera Ciridops, Drepanis, Himatione, Melamprosops, and Palmeria, most of which are nectarivores with brightly-colored or boldly-patterned plumage and songs containing nasal squeaks and whistles. However, as these three tribes were each para- or polyphyletic, and as Hawaiian honeycreepers are no longer treated as their own subfamily or family, Drepanidini is now typically used for all Hawaiian honeycreepers.
| Drepanidini | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Drepanis coccinea | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Tribe: | Drepanidini |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Genera and species
- Drepanidini
- Genus Aidemedia Olson & James, 1991 – straight thin bills, insectivores[1]
- Aidemedia chascax Olson & James, 1991 – Oʻahu icterid-like gaper (prehistoric)
- Aidemedia lutetiae Olson & James, 1991 – Maui Nui icterid-like gaper (prehistoric)
- Aidemedia zanclops Olson & James, 1991 – sickle-billed gaper (prehistoric)
- Genus Akialoa Olson & James, 1995 – pointed, long and down-curved bills, insectivorous or nectarivorous
- Akialoa ellisiana Gray, 1859 – Oʻahu ʻakialoa (extinct, 1940)
- Akialoa lanaiensis Rothschild, 1893 – Maui Nui ʻakialoa (extinct, 1892)
- Akialoa stejnegeri Wilson, 1889 – Kauaʻi ʻakialoa (extinct, 1969)
- Akialoa obscura Cabanis, 1889 – lesser ʻakialoa (extinct, 1940)
- Akialoa upupirostris – hoopoe-billed ʻakialoa (prehistoric)
- Genus Chloridops Wilson, 1888 – thick-billed, hard seed (e.g. Myoporum sandwicense) specialist
- Chloridops kona Wilson, 1888 – Kona grosbeak (extinct, 1894)
- Chloridops regiskongi – King Kong grosbeak (prehistoric)
- Chloridops wahi – wahi grosbeak (prehistoric)
- Genus Chlorodrepanis Olson & James, 1995 – pointed bills, insectivorous and nectarivorous
- Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri Pratt, 1989 – Kauaʻi ʻamakihi
- Chlorodrepanis flava Bloxam, 1827 – Oʻahu ʻamakihi
- Chlorodrepanis virens Cabanis, 1851 – Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi
- Genus Ciridops Newton, 1892 – finch-like, fed on fruit of Pritchardia species
- Ciridops anna Dole, 1879 – ʻula-ʻai-hāwane (extinct, 1892 or 1937)
- Ciridops tenax Olson & James, 1991 stout-legged finch (prehistoric)
- Genus Drepanis Temminck, 1820 – down-curved bills, nectarivores
- Drepanis funerea Newton, 1894 – black mamo (extinct, 1907)
- Drepanis pacifica Gmelin, 1788 – Hawaiʻi mamo (extinct, 1898)
- Drepanis coccinea Forster, 1780 – ʻiʻiwi
- Genus Dysmorodrepanis Perkins, 1919 – pincer-like bill, possibly snail specialist
- Dysmorodrepanis munroi Perkins, 1919 – Lanaʻi hookbill (extinct, 1918)
- Genus Hemignathus Lichtenstein, 1839 – pointed or long and down-curved bills, insectivorous
- Hemignathus affinis – Maui nukupuʻu (extinct, 1995–1998)
- Hemignathus hanapepe – Kauaʻi nukupuʻu (extinct, 1998)
- Hemignathus lucidus – Oʻahu nukupuʻu (extinct, 1837)
- Hemignathus vorpalis James & Olson, 2003 – giant nukupu'u (prehistoric)[2]
- Hemignathus wilsoni Rothschild, 1893 – ʻakiapolaʻau
- Genus Himatione Olson & James, 1991– thin-billed, nectarivorous
- Himatione sanguinea Gmelin, 1788 – ʻapapane
- Himatione fraithii – Laysan honeycreeper (extinct, 1923)
- Genus Loxioides Oustalet, 1877 – finch-like, Fabales seed specialists
- Loxioides bailleui Oustalet, 1877 – palila
- Loxioides kikuichi Olson & James, 2006 – Kaua'i palila (prehistoric, possibly survived to the early 18th century)
- Genus Loxops – small pointed bills with the tips slightly crossed, insectivorous
- Loxops caeruleirostris Wilson, 1890 – ‘akeke‘e
- Loxops coccineus Gmelin, 1789 – Hawaiʻi ʻakepa
- Loxops ochraceus Rothschild, 1893 - Maui ʻakepa (extinct, 1988)
- Loxops wolstenholmei Rothschild, 1895 – Oʻahu ʻakepa (extinct, 1990s)
- Loxops mana Wilson, 1891 – Hawaiʻi creeper
- Genus Magumma - small pointed bills, insectivorous and nectarivorous
- Genus Melamprosops Casey & Jacobi, 1974 – short pointed bill, insectivorous and snail specialist
- Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey & Jacobi, 1974 – poʻouli (possibly extinct, November 28, 2004?)
- Genus Oreomystis Wilson, 1891 – short pointed bills, insectivorous
- Genus Orthiospiza – large weak bill, possibly soft seed or fruit specialist?
- Orthiospiza howarthi James & Olson, 1991 - highland finch (prehistoric)
- Genus Palmeria Rothschild, 1893 – thin-billed, nectarivorous, favors Metrosideros polymorpha
- Palmeria dolei Wilson, 1891 – ʻākohekohe
- Genus Paroreomyza – short pointed bills, insectivorous
- Paroreomyza maculata Cabanis, 1850 – Oʻahu ʻalauahio (possibly extinct, early 1990s?)
- Paroreomyza flammea (Wilson, 1889) – kākāwahie (extinct, 1963)
- Paroreomyza montana
- Paroreomyza montana montana Wilson, 1890 – Lana'i 'alauahio (extinct, 1937)
- Paroreomyza montana newtoni (Rothschild, 1893) – Maui ‘alauahio
- Genus Pseudonestor – parrot-like bill, probes wood for insect larvae
- Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild, 1893 – Maui parrotbill or kiwikiu
- Genus Psittirostra – slightly hooked bill, Freycinetia arborea fruit specialist
- Genus Rhodacanthis – large-billed, granivorous, legume specialists[3]
- Rhodacanthis flaviceps Rothschild, 1892 – lesser koa-finch (extinct, 1891)
- Rhodacanthis forfex James & Olson, 2005 – scissor-billed koa-finch (prehistoric)
- Rhodacanthis litotes James & Olson, 2005 – primitive koa-finch (prehistoric)
- Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild, 1892 – greater koa-finch (extinct, 1896)
- Genus Telespiza Wilson, 1890 – finch-like, granivorous, opportunistic scavengers
- Telespiza cantans Wilson, 1890 – Laysan finch
- Telespiza persecutrix James & Olson, 1991 – Kauaʻi finch (prehistoric)
- Telespiza ultima Bryan, 1917 – Nihoa finch
- Telespiza ypsilon James & Olson, 1991 – Maui Nui finch (prehistoric)
- Genus Vangulifer – flat rounded bills, possibly caught flying insects
- Vangulifer mirandus – strange-billed finch (prehistoric)
- Vangulifer neophasis – thin-billed finch (prehistoric)
- Genus Viridonia
- Viridonia sagittirostris Rothschild, 1892 – greater ʻamakihi (extinct, 1901)
- Genus Xestospiza James & Oslon, 1991 – cone-shaped bills, possibly insectivores
- Xestospiza conica James & Olson, 1991 – cone-billed finch (prehistoric)
- Xestospiza fastigialis James & Olson, 1991 – ridge-billed finch (prehistoric)
- Genus Aidemedia Olson & James, 1991 – straight thin bills, insectivores[1]
References
- Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2014). The Eponym Dictionary of Birds. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9781472905741. The genus Aidemedia is named in honor of Joan Aidem.
- James, Helen F; Storrs L. Olson (2003). "A giant new species of nukupuu (Fringillidae: Drepanidini: Hemignathus) from the island of Hawaii". The Auk. 120 (4): 970–981. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0970:AGNSON]2.0.CO;2.
- James, Helen F.; Johnathan P. Prince (May 2008). "Integration of palaeontological, historical, and geographical data on the extinction of koa-finches". Diversity & Distributions. 14 (3): 441–451. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00442.x.
- Groth, J. G. (1998). "Molecular phylogeny of the cardueline finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers". Ostrich. 69: 401.
- Olson, Storrs L.; James, Helen F (1991). "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes". Ornithological Monographs. 45 (45): 1–91. doi:10.2307/40166794. hdl:10088/1745. JSTOR 40166794.
- James, Helen F.; Olson, Storrs L (1991). "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes". Ornithological Monographs. 46 (46): 1–92. doi:10.2307/40166713. hdl:10088/1746. JSTOR 40166713.
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