Chesapeake and Ohio class T-1

The Chesapeake and Ohio T-1 was a class of 30 2-10-4 steam locomotives built by the Lima Locomotive Works in Lima, Ohio in 1930 and operated until the early 1950s.

C&O T-1 class
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderLima Locomotive Works
Serial number7516–7555
Build date1930
Total produced30
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-10-4
 • UIC1′E2′ h2
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Driver dia.69 in (1,753 mm)
WheelbaseLoco & tender: 98.64 ft (30.07 m)
Axle load75,000 lb (34,000 kilograms; 34 metric tons)
Adhesive weight373,000 lb (169,000 kilograms; 169 metric tons)
Loco weight566,000 lb (257,000 kilograms; 257 metric tons)
Tender weight415,000 lb (188,000 kilograms; 188 metric tons)
Total weight981,000 lb (445,000 kilograms; 445 metric tons)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons)
Water cap.23,500 US gal (89,000 l; 19,600 imp gal)
Firebox:
 • Firegrate area		121.70 sq ft (11.306 m2)
Boiler108 in (2,743 mm)
Boiler pressure265 lbf/in2 (1.83 MPa)
Originally 260 lbf/in2 (1.79 MPa)
CylindersTwo
Cylinder size29 in × 34 in (737 mm × 864 mm)
Valve gearBaker
Performance figures
Maximum speed50 mph (80 km/h)
Tractive effort93,345 lbf (415.22 kN)
108,620 lbf (483.17 kN) with booster
Factor of adh.4.00
Career
OperatorsChesapeake and Ohio
ClassT-1
Numbers3000–3039
Retired1952–1953
DispositionAll scrapped

History and design

The Chesapeake and Ohio tested an Erie Berkshire locomotive , then stretched the design by adding one more driving axle, creating the 2-10-4. Theys were equipped with a trailing truck booster that exerted 15,275 pounds of tractive effort. They could pull the same train as a 2-8-8-2 and do it faster. The locomotives mainly operated between Russell, Kentucky to Toledo, Ohio, with a few ending up in eastern Virginia. They were rated at 160 loaded coal cars, weight 13,500 tons. They also sported the most heating surface of any two-cylinder steam locomotive, with a combined heating surface of 9654 square feet.

Despite their overall success, their long-wheelbase made it difficult to maintain a proper counterbalancing scheme as the drivers wore unevenly in service. Later in their careers, the T-1s rode roughly and pounded the track to the point that a special gang stood by at the bottom of one long grade to repair the damage.[1]

In 1942, the Pennsylvania Railroad based 125 of their J1 class 2-10-4s off of the T-1s with slight modifications.

Accidents and incidents

On May 12, 1948, no. 3020 suffered a boiler explosion due to a low water level near Chillicothe, Ohio. The engineer, fireman and front brakeman were killed.[2]

Disposition

The C&O retired their T-1s starting in 1952 in favor of diesels and by 1953, all have been retired. None have been preserved.

References
  1. "The World of Steam Locomotives". steamlocomotive.com. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  2. "The 1948 Steam Locomotive Boiler Explosion Outside of Chillicothe, Ohio". YouTube. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
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