Tetrao
Tetrao is a genus of birds in the grouse subfamily known as capercaillies. They are some of the largest living grouse.
| Tetrao Temporal range: Early Pliocene to recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Galliformes |
| Family: | Phasianidae |
| Tribe: | Tetraonini |
| Genus: | Tetrao Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Type species | |
| Tetrao urogallus (western capercaillie ) Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Species | |
Taxonomy
The genus Tetrao was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[1] The genus name is the Latin word for a game bird, probably a black grouse.[2] The black grouse was included by Linnaeus in the genus Tetrao but is now placed in the genus Lyrurus.[1][3] The type species was designated as the western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) by George Robert Gray in 1840.[4][5]
Species
The genus contains two species:[3]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Tetrao urogallus | Western capercaillie | Europe to western Russia |
 | Tetrao urogalloides | Black-billed capercaillie | eastern Russia as well as parts of northern Mongolia and China |
The fossil record of this genus is extensive:
- Tetrao conjugens (Early Pliocene of C Europe)
- Tetrao rhodopensis (Early Pliocene of Dorkovo, Bulgaria)
- Tetrao partium (Early Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of SE Europe)
- Tetrao macropus (Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Hungary)
- Tetrao praeurogallus (Early - Middle Pleistocene of E Europe)
References
- Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 159.
- Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 383. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 62.
- Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 24.
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