COVID-19 vaccine side effects

Several adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines have been reported and are being researched.

Embolic and thrombotic events
Main article: Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

Post-vaccination embolic and thrombotic events, termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT),[1][2][3][4][5] vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT),[6] thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS),[7][4][5] vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT),[5] or vaccine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VATT),[5] are rare types of blood clotting syndromes that were initially observed in a number of people who had previously received the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine (AZD1222)[lower-alpha 1] during the COVID‑19 pandemic.[6][12] It was subsequently also described in the Janssen COVID‑19 vaccine (Johnson & Johnson) leading to suspension of its use until its safety had been reassessed.[13]

Myocarditis
Main article: Viral cardiomyopathy

A study published in JAMA Cardiology suggested that mRNA vaccines may incur a low risk of myocarditis.[14]

Tinnitus
Main article: Tinnitus

There have been several reports of tinnitus as a rare side effect of COVID-19 vaccines, and experts have called for more research into a possible link. The US CDC acknowledged reports of tinnitus following the administration of mRNA vaccines Pfizer and Moderna.[15][16] Other reports suggest it may be a side effect of the COVID-19 disease.[17]

Hearing loss

In its pharmaceutical newsletter, the World Health Organization said it was becoming aware of sudden hearing loss potentially associated with Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.[18]

See also

Notes
  1. The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine is codenamed AZD1222,[8] and later supplied under brand names, including Vaxzevria[9] and Covishield.[10][11]

References
  1. Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S (June 2021). "Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (22): 2092–101. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2104840. PMC 8095372. PMID 33835769.
  2. Cines DB, Bussel JB (June 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (23): 2254–2256. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2106315. PMC 8063912. PMID 33861524.
  3. Liu Y, Shao Z, Wang H (December 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia". Thrombosis Research. 209: 75–79. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.002. PMC 8647389. PMID 34894531.
  4. Klok FA, Pai M, Huisman MV, Makris M (November 2021). "Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia". The Lancet. Haematology. 9 (1): e73–e80. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00306-9. PMC 8585488. PMID 34774202. Although initially several terms were used to describe the syndrome … the term that has gained widespread use is vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome has also been used, but it is a more general term that can be caused by other conditions
  5. Warkentin TE, Pai M (October 2021). "Editorial on Thaler et al. long-term follow-up after successful treatment of vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2021 in press". Thrombosis Research. 207: 158–160. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2021.10.007. PMID 34757250. S2CID 239574011. We believe the name "VITT" works well … the term clearly denotes the key features of the disorder … provides a useful mnemonic for disease recognition in the usual sequence of events … need not mandate that thrombosis be present … "TTS" … has limited clinical utility, since many conditions … present with the duad of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia
  6. "Use of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in younger adults" (Press release). Health Canada. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  7. Long B, Bridwell R, Gottlieb M (November 2021). "Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome associated with COVID-19 vaccines". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 49: 58–61. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.054. PMC 8143907. PMID 34062319.
  8. "AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine (AZD1222)" (PDF). ACIP COVID-19 Emergency Meeting. AstraZeneca. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  9. "Vaxzevria (previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca) EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 16 April 2021. The name of the vaccine was changed to Vaxzevria on 25 March 2021. Vaxzevria (COVID‑19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S recombinant) EMA/182334/2021 Text was copied from this source which is ©️ European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  10. "ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) - Covishield". Serum Institute Of India. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  11. "AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 [recombinant], COVID-19 vaccine". World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  12. "COVID-19 vaccine safety update: Vaxzevria" (PDF). European Medicines Agency (EMA). 28 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  13. Marks P. "Joint CDC and FDA Statement on Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine". Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  14. "News & Perspective".
  15. "Is tinnitus a rare side effect of Covid vaccines?". NBC News.
  16. "Vaccine Researcher Who Developed Tinnitus After COVID Shot Calls for Further Study". 9 March 2022.
  17. "COVID-19 could be causing your ears to ring. Here's what we know. | Globalnews.ca".
  18. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/351326/9789240042452-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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