CACTIN

CACTIN was originally identified in Drosophila (fruit flies). Cactin gene is responsible for innate immune system responses and acts as negative Toll-like receptor.[1] The full-length cactin protein length is 3,150 bp long and with an N-terminus from 356–547 residues and a domain in the C-terminal 731–855 residues.[2] This protein resides in many organs and tissues of all vertebrates, however, most recently it has also been found in plants, protist, and fungi. The location that is highest in concentration of cactin gene is in the testis of males and in the spleen. The cactin gene in this specific areas like the testis enables RNA binding activity. This protein was also found to be involved in other process like cellular response from cytokines and negative signal transduction (negative feed back loops).[3]

Scientist are still discovering different process that cactin gene is involved in. For instance, biochemist have discovered that the absence of cactin gene will result in gluten allergy, which is in many breads and sweets. Most recently, biochemist have discovered that cactin gene is in both plant and animal cells. In plant the cactcin gene is associated with SR proteins localized in the nucleus, and in many cases the cells form nuclear speckles (speckles structures are not clear amongst biologist yet, more studies need to be done).[4] Plant and human cells share the same spliceosomal proteins, which involved the eradication of introns in order to form messenger RNA, in which cactin gene promotes this process and can also tell it when to stop. In the next decades to come we will uncover more information of the cactin gene with the improvement of technology.

CACTIN
Identifiers
Aliases	CACTIN, C19orf29, NY-REN-24, fSAPc, cactin, spliceosome C complex subunit
External IDs	OMIM: 618536 MGI: 1917562 HomoloGene: 69553 GeneCards: CACTIN
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[5] Band 19p13.3 Start 3,610,645 bp[5] End 3,626,815 bp[5]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[6] Band 10|10 C1 Start 81,156,937 bp[6] End 81,162,076 bp[6]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Top expressed in sural nerve left uterine tube gastrocnemius muscle popliteal artery Stromal cell of endometrium body of stomach spleen canal of the cervix prefrontal cortex ascending aorta More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function GO:0001948 protein binding RNA binding Cellular component catalytic step 2 spliceosome nucleoplasm spliceosomal complex extracellular exosome nucleus cytosol nuclear speck cytoplasm Biological process negative regulation of protein phosphorylation mRNA splicing, via spliceosome immune system process negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to tumor necrosis factor mRNA processing negative regulation of interferon-beta production negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway multicellular organism development negative regulation of interleukin-8 production negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway cellular response to interleukin-1 RNA splicing negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production innate immune response cellular response to lipopolysaccharide negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	58509	70312
Ensembl	ENSG00000105298	ENSMUSG00000034889
UniProt	Q8WUQ7	Q9CS00
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001080543 NM_021231	NM_027381
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001074012 NP_067054	NP_081657
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 3.61 – 3.63 Mb	Chr 10: 81.16 – 81.16 Mb
PubMed search	[7]	[8]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Cactin also known as renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACTIN gene.[9][10][11]