Cydnidae

Cydnidae are a family of shield bugs, known by common names including burrowing bugs or burrower bugs.[2]

Cydnidae
Temporal range: [1]
Cydnus aterrimus
Type genus for the family
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Superfamily: Pentatomoidea
Family: Cydnidae
Billberg, 1820

In Goiás (Brazil) the flocks are observed in the rainy season, November to March, which coincide with the period in which adults of these insects are found in the soil. Currently the southwestern region of Goiás is the most attacked (Mineiros, Chapadão do Céu, Rio Verde and Jataí), south and southeast, in cotton, soybean, maize and pasture crops. Among the damages caused by the insect in the plant are: uneven growth of the plant, reduced growth, root lesions, large amount of dry leaves, reddish leaf, yellowing and subsequent dry; reduction of the stand, yellowing of the leaves and reduction of productivity.

Subfamilies and taxonomy

BioLib includes the following subfamilies:

  1. Amnestinae Hart, 1919
    1. Amnestus Dallas, 1851
    2. Lattinestus Eger, 2008
  2. Cephalocteninae Mulsant & Rey, 1866
    1. Cephaloctenini Mulsant & Rey, 1866
      1. Cephalocteus Dufour, 1834
      2. Heissocteus Lis, 2006
    2. Scaptocorini Froeschner, 1960
      1. Afroropus Lis, 1999
      2. Atarsocoris Becker, 1967
      3. Pseudostibaropus Lis, 1991
      4. Scaptocoris Perty, 1833
      5. Schiodtella Signoret, 1882
      6. Stibaropus Dallas, 1851
  3. Cydninae Billberg, 1820
  4. Garsauriinae Froeschner, 1960
    1. Garsauria Walker, 1868
    2. Garsauriella Linnavuori, 1993
  5. Sehirinae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
  6. †Clavicorinae Popov, 1986

In some older classifications, Cydnidae sensu lato includes the subfamily Thyreocorinae (now a separate family, Thyreocorinae), which are known commonly as "negro bugs" (early name to be avoided), or "ebony bugs", and/or the families Thaumastellidae and Parastrachiidae.[3][4] Though similar in appearance to a beetle at casual glance, they can be distinguished by both their piercing/sucking mouthparts, and wing configuration (beetle elytra are split directly down the back of the insect). Of some 750 species of burrower bugs, 27 are reported as crop pests, and six species are thought to feed on peanut.

Fossil genera
  • Subfamily Amnestinae Hart 1919
    • †Chilamnestocoris Lis et al. 2018 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • †Cilicydnus Yao et al. 2007 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
    • †Latiscutella Pinto and de Ornellas 1974 Crato Formation, Codó Formation, Brazil, Aptian
    • †Orienicydnus Yao et al. 2007 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
    • †Pricecoris Pinto and de Ornellas 1974 Codo Formation, Brazil, Aptian
    • †Punctacorona Wang et al. 2019, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †subfamily Clavicorinae Popov 1986
    • †Clavicoris Popov 1986 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
    • †Cretacoris Popov 1986 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian, Daya Formation, Russia, Hauterivian
  • Subfamily Sehirinae Amyot and Audinet-Serville 1843

References
  1. Jerzy A. Lis; Barbara Lis; Ernst Heiss (2018). "Chilamnestocoris mixtus gen. et spec. nov., the first burrower bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae) in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber". Cretaceous Research. 91: 257–262. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.017.
  2. "Cydnidae". Discover Life. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
  3. Dolling, W. R. (1981). "A rationalized classification of the burrower bugs (Cydnidae)". Systematic Entomology. 6 (1): 61–76. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1981.tb00016.x. S2CID 84097067.
  4. Yao, Yunzhi; Ren, Dong; Rider, David A.; Cai, Wanzhi (2012). "Phylogeny of the Infraorder Pentatomomorpha Based on Fossil and Extant Morphology, with Description of a New Fossil Family from China". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e37289. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037289. PMC 3360028. PMID 22655038.


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