Brazilian diaspora

The Brazilian diaspora refers to the migration of Brazilians to other countries, a mostly recent phenomenon that has been driven mainly by economic recession and hyperinflation that afflicted Brazil in the 1980s and early 1990s, and since 2014, by the political and economic crisis that culminated in the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016 and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018, in addition to chronic urban violence in Brazilian urban centers.[19][20][21]

Brazilian diaspora
Diaspora brasileira
Flag of Brazil
Total population
4,2 million
Regions with significant populations
 United States1.775.000[1]
 Portugal276,200[1]
 Paraguay240,000
 United Kingdom220,000
 Japan206,365[2]
 Italy161,000[1]
 Spain156,439[1]
 Germany144,120[1]
 Canada121,950[1]
 Argentina89,020[1]
 France81,400[1]
  Switzerland75,800[1]
 French Guiana72,300[1]
 Australia56,610[1]
 Ireland50,000[1]
 Mexico45,000
 Uruguay43,412[1]
 Belgium40,000[1]
 Bolivia39,258[1]
 Netherlands32,252[1]
 Suriname30,000[1]
 Lebanon21,000[1]
 Chile20,370[3]
 Colombia18,071[1]
 Sweden16,814[1]
 Guyana15,800[1]
 Bangladesh15,115[3]
 Israel15,000[1]
 Angola15,000
Other countries combined130,000
Languages
Portuguese (99.7%)[4]
Indigenous languages (0.082%)[5]
High German languages and Low German language (2.06%)[6][4]
Venetian or Talian (1.69%)[4][7]
Polish (0.27%)[8][9][10]
Ukrainian (0.12%)[10][11]
Dutch (0.041%)[10][4]
Spanish/Castilian (0.197%)[4]
French (0.1457%)[10]
Lithuanian (0.04%)[10]
Norwegian (0.027%)[10]
Russian (0.02%)[12]
Vlax Romani and Northern Romani (0.26%)[13]
North Levantine spoken Arabic and Turoyo (Aramaic) (0.059%)[4]
Japanese (0.21%)[4]
Korean (0.0396%)[4]
Chinese (0.13%)[10]
Yiddish High German (0.038%)[4]
Hebrew (0.044%)
English (0.2007%)[14][15][16][17][18]
Religion
Primarily Catholic Church (including Latin Church, Oriental Catholic Churches, Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church) Protestantism (including Baptists, Presbyterianism, Methodism, Pentecostalism, Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil, Lutheranism), Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, Russian Orthodox Church, Polish Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Serbian Orthodox Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Coptic Orthodox Church, Armenian Apostolic Church, Spiritism, Afro-Brazilian religions (including Umbanda, Candomblé, Tambor de Mina, Batuque, Shango), Irreligion, Buddhism (including Sōtō, Nichiren Buddhism, Soka Gakkai, Honmon Butsuryū-shū, Jōdo Shinshū, Nichiren-shū, Shingon Buddhism, Tendai, Nichiren Shōshū, Zen, Fo Guang Shan, Theravada, Nyingma, Gelug, Sakya, Kagyu), Judaism (including Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism, Reform Judaism, Messianic Judaism), Islam (including Sunni Islam, Shia Islam), Esotericism, Spiritualism, Santo Daime, União do Vegetal, Bahá’í Faith, Wicca, Hinduism (including International Society of Krishna Consciousness, Brahma Kumaris, Ananda Marga), Japanese new religions (including Oomoto, PL Kyodan, Seicho-no-Ie, Church of World Messianity)
Related ethnic groups
Tupi people, Gê peoples, Guaraní people, Shona people, Ambundu, Kongo people, Yoruba people, Fon people, Hausa people, Fula people, Portuguese people, Spaniards, Italians, French people, Swiss people, Luxembourgers, Belgians, Dutch people, Germans, Austrians, English people, Scottish people, Welsh people, Irish people, North Germanic peoples, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians, Hungarians, Romanians, Finnish people, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Greeks, Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Lebanese people, Egyptians, Syrians, Armenians, Iranian peoples, Georgians, Japanese people, Han Chinese, Koreans, Indians, Bolivians, Argentines, Uruguayans, Colombians, Angolans, Senegalese people, Paraguayans, Chileans, Haitians, Surinamese people, Jamaicans, Barbadians, Palestinians, Afghans, Vietnamese people, Pakistanis, Filipinos, Americans, Macanese people, Bengalis, Gypsies

Demographics
Brazilian Day celebration in New York City

There are an estimated 4,2 million Brazilians living abroad,[22] mainly in the U.S. (1,775,000),[23] Japan (206,365),[24] Paraguay (240,000), Portugal (276,000), Spain (156,000), Germany (144,000) and United Kingdom (220,000).

United States
Main article: Brazilian Americans

There were an estimated 246,000 Brazilian Americans as of 2007.[25] Another source gives an estimate of some 800,000 Brazilians living in the U.S. in 2000,[26] while still another estimates that as of 2008 some 1,100,000 Brazilians live in the United States, 300,000 of them in Florida.[27] Major concentrations are in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Florida, Wisconsin, and California.

West 46th Street has historically been a commercial center for Brazilians living or visiting New York City. In 1995 the city officially recognized it as "Little Brazil Street".

In Massachusetts, there is a very small but significant concentration of Brazilian immigrants in the town of Framingham, which in recent years has spilt out into the neighboring towns of Marlborough and Hudson, among others. In the Brazilian community, it is said that Pompano Beach in Florida has the greatest concentration of Brazilians in the USA. The Brazilian communities in these towns are vibrant, having contributed much to the local cuisine and culture, but Brazilian immigrants often feel discriminated against and are often thought to be illegal immigrants by their non-Brazilian neighbors.[28]

A disproportionate number of Brazilians who have emigrated to the US came from the town of Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais.

United Kingdom
Main article: Brazilians in the United Kingdom

There are no precise figures for the number of Brazilians living in the UK.[29] The 1991 Census recorded 9,301 Brazilian-born people in the UK,[29] and the 2001 Census recorded 15,215.[30] In 2004, the Brazilian Consulate in London recorded 13,000 Brazilians who had voluntarily registered themselves with them, but said this was not an accurate figure for the number living in the UK; the Brazilian Embassy estimated that figure to be about 80,000.[29] The Office for National Statistics estimates suggest that there were 56,000 Brazilian-born people resident in the UK in 2008.[31] In 2015, the Brazilian Consulate estimated a total of 120,000 Brazilians resident in the UK.[32] The ONS estimated that in 2018, 87,000 people born in Brazil were living in the UK.[33]

Japan
Main article: Brazilians in Japan

The majority of Brazilians living in Japan are of Japanese descent, and they have been migrating there since 1990 when the Immigration Act was altered to allow children and grandchildren of Japanese nationals, as well as their non-Japanese spouse, to receive a work permit easily. Most of them live in industrial areas where there used to be a plenty of job offers at factories, such as Aichi, Shizuoka and Gunma Prefectures, among others. While approximately 300,000 Brazilians lived there at its climax, the economic crisis in 2008 slashed their job and more than a third of them have decided to return to Brazil.

Canada
Main article: Brazilian Canadian

There are an estimated 22,920 Brazilians living in Canada.[34] Major concentrations are in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary.

Germany
Main article: Brazilians in Germany

France
Main article: Brazilians in France

Portugal
Main article: Brazilians in Portugal

Portugal is another important destination for Brazilians, owing to a common language and given the fact that a significant number of Brazilians already hold Portuguese citizenship (particularly after Portugal modified its nationality law to be able to bestow it upon any grandchild of a verified Portuguese citizen). Cultural similarities are abundant and the Portuguese are fairly acquainted with Brazilian pop culture. Approximately a fourth of all foreigners currently residing in Portugal are Brazilian citizens.

Paraguay

Brazilians and their descendants living in Paraguay are called Brasiguayos. This numerous community of landowners is mainly involved in agriculture.

Mexico
Main article: Brazilian immigration to Mexico

Australia
Main article: Brazilian Australians

Angola
Main article: Brazilians in Angola

Organizations

Statistics
Brazilian Diaspora per Consulate in 2015[35]
Place Consulate Country Population
1 Boston  United States 350,000
2 New York City  United States 285,000
3 Miami  United States 250,000
4 Ciudad del Este  Paraguay 200,000
5 Paris  France 70,000
6 London  United Kingdom 120,000
7 Los Angeles  United States 105,000
8 Atlanta  United States 100,000
9 Nagoya  Japan 91,938
10 Houston  United States 85,000
11 Hartford  United States 80,000
12 Lisbon  Portugal 66,000
13 San Francisco  United States 60,000
14 Chicago  United States 55,000
15 Milan  Italy 53,000
16 Tokyo  Japan 52,266
17 Zurich   Switzerland 50,000
18 Madrid  Spain 49,000
19 Brussels  Belgium 48,000
20 Asunción  Paraguay 45,000
21 Buenos Aires  Argentina 41,300
22 Salto do Guairá  Paraguay 41,000
23 Cayenne  French Guiana 40,500
24 Munich  Germany 40,000
25 Washington D.C.  United States 40,000
26 Barcelona  Spain 37,691
27 Berlin  Germany 31,716
28 Porto  Portugal 31,057
29 Geneve   Switzerland 31,000
30 Encarnación  Paraguay 30,000
31 Hamamatsu  Japan 26,025
32 Sydney  Australia 24,810
33 Bogotá  Colombia 23,000
34 Rotterdam  Netherlands 21,948
35 Toronto  Canada 20,000
36 Faro  Portugal 19,214
37 Rome  Italy 19,000
38 Dublin  Ireland 18,000
39 Frankfurt  Germany 15,556
40 Beirut  Lebanon 15,500
41 Luanda  Angola 15,000
42 Georgetown  Guyana 15,000
43 Paramaribo  Suriname 15,000
44 Mexico City  Mexico 14,000
45 Leticia  Colombia 14,000
46 Santa Cruz de la Sierra  Bolivia 13,700
47 Caracas  Venezuela 13,000
48 Montreal  Canada 12,500
49 Canberra  Australia 12,500
50 Pedro Juan Caballero  Paraguay 12,200
51 Santiago  Chile 12,196
52 Tel Aviv  Israel 12,000
53 Santa Elena de Uiarén  Venezuela 11,000
54 Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 10,100
55 Vancouver  Canada 9,000
56 ShanghaI  China 8,000
57 Oslo  Norway 7,588
58 Cohcabamba  Bolivia 7,000
59 Guangzhou  China 6,500
60 Montevideo  Uruguay 6,127
61 Stockholm  Sweden 6,000
62 Maputo  Mozambique 5,000
63 Wellington  New Zealand 5,000
64 Ramallah  Palestine 5,000
65 Vienna  Austria 4,950
66 Saint-Georges  French Guiana 4,050
67 Cobija  Bolivia 4,000
68 Concepción  Paraguay 3,842
69 Athens  Greece 3,500
70 Copenhagen  Denmark 3,300
71 Lima  Peru 3,250
72 Quito  Ecuador 3,000
73 Rio Branco  Uruguay 2,597
74 Cordoba  Argentina 2,564
75 Ciudad Guyana  Venezuela 2,300
76 Amman  Jordan 2,250
77 Puerto Ayacucho  Venezuela 2,233
78 La Paz  Bolivia 2,050
79 Artigas  Uruguay 1,624
80 Pretoria  South Africa 1,500
81 Ottawa  Canada 1,500
82 Warsaw  Poland 1,500
83 Mendoza  Argentina 1,500
84 Puerto Iguazu  Argentina 1,351
85 Seoul  South Korea 1,300
86 Santo Domigno  Dominican Republic 1,200
87 Doha  Qatar 1,200
88 Iquitos  Peru 1,000
89 Panama City  Panama 1,000
90 Singapore  Singapore 1,000
91 Moscow  Russia 1,000
92 Taipei  Taiwan 931
93 Chuy  Uruguay 900
94 Beijing  China 900
95 Helsinki  Finland 870
96 San Jose  Costa Rica 800
97 Budapest  Hungary 789
98 Hong Kong  Hong Kong 760
99 Havana  Cuba 700
100 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 650
101 Prague  Czech Republic 590
102 Bissau  Guinea-Bissau 569
103 Lethem  Guyana 500
104 Puerto Suarez  Bolivia 480
105 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 418
106 San Salvador  El Salvador 400
107 Jakarta  Indonesia 400
108 Guatemala City  Guatemala 400
109 Managua  Nicaragua 400
110 Muscat  Oman 380
111 Cairo  Egypt 376
112 Malabo  Equatorial Guinea 370
113 Cape Town  South Africa 360
114 Guayaramerín  Bolivia 351
115 Port-au-Prince  Haiti 350
116 Mumbai  India 310
117 Kuwait City  Kuwait 300
118 Istanbul  Turkey 300
119 Tegucigalpa  Honduras 280
120 Rivera  Uruguay 270
121 Bangkok  Thailand 250
122 Kingston  Jamaica 250
123 Brazzaville  Republic of the Congo 240
124 Rabat  Morocco 239
125 Accra  Ghana 200
126 Manila  Philippines 200
127 New Delhi  India 200
128 Zagreb  Croatia 195
129 Belgrade  Serbia 179
130 Abidjan  Ivory Coast 170
131 Windhoek  Namibia 170
132 Bratislava  Slovakia 160
133 Paso de Los Libres  Argentina 155
134 Ljubljana  Slovenia 152
135 Nicosia  Cyprus 150
136 Nassau  Bahamas 150
137 Nairobi  Kenya 150
138 Dili  Timor-Leste 144
139 Lagos  Nigeria 140
140 Ankara  Turkey 140
141 Tehran  Iran 130
142 Kinshasa  Democratic Republic of the Congo 130
143 Bucharest  Romania 110
144 Dakar  Senegal 100
145 Dar es Salam  Tanzania 100
146 Hanoi  Vietnam 100
147 Kyiv  Ukraine 85
148 Tunis  Tunisia 72
149 Yaounde  Cameroon 70
150 Sao Tome  São Tomé and Príncipe 66
151 Praia  Cape Verde 62
152 Tirana  Albania 60
153 Bridgetown  Barbados 55
154 Sofia  Bulgaria 50
155 Tallinn  Estonia 50
156 Ouagadougou  Burkina Faso 45
157 Astana  Kazakhstan 45
158 Islamabad  Pakistan 40
159 Belmopan  Belize 37
160 Baku  Azerbaijan 35
161 Algiers  Algeria 32
162 Libreville  Gabon 30
163 Tbilisi  Georgia 30
164 Katmandu    Nepal 30
165 Conakry  Guinea 30
166 Lilongwe  Malawi 30
167 Lome  Togo 30
168 Dhaka  Bangladesh 29
169 Addis Ababa  Ethiopia 26
170 Colombo  Sri Lanka 25
171 Sarajevo  Bosnia and Herzegovina 25
172 Yangoon  Myanmar 21
173 Lusaka  Zambia 18
174 Gaborone  Botswana 17
175 Cotonou  Benin 15
176 Bamako  Mali 14
177 Baghdad  Iraq 12
178 Monrovia  Liberia 12
179 Castries  Saint Lucia 10
180 Minsk  Belarus 10
181 Yerevan  Armenia 9
182 Vatican City   Vatican City 9
183 Kingstown  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7
184 Basseterre  Saint Kitts and Nevis 6
185 Nouakchott  Mauritania 4
186 Quincinetto  Italy 2
Total 3,105,255

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