Bad Girl (Madonna song)

"Bad Girl" is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna, recorded for her fifth studio album Erotica (1992). It was written and produced by both Madonna and Shep Pettibone, with additional writing from Anthony Shimkin. In Australia and most European countries, the song was released as the album's third single on February 2, 1993; in the United States, a release was issued on March 11 with "Fever" as its B-side. Lyrically, the song describes a woman trying to escape her reality through self-destructive behaviors such as drinking and chain smoking.

"Bad Girl"
Single by Madonna
from the album Erotica
B-side"Fever"
ReleasedFebruary 2, 1993
Studio
Genre
Length5:23
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • Madonna
  • Pettibone
Madonna singles chronology
"Deeper and Deeper"
(1992)		 "Bad Girl"
(1993)		 "Fever"
(1993)
Music video
"Bad Girl" on YouTube

Upon release, the song received positive reviews from music critics, with some noting it was a departure from the singer's highly sexual image of the time; in retrospective reviews, it its now considered one of Madonna's best and most underrated singles. Commercially, "Bad Girl" saw a lukewarm reception: in the United States, it became Madonna's first single to not reach the top 30 or top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100, breaking a streak of 27 consecutive top 20 singles that began with "Holiday" (1983) and ended with "Deeper and Deeper" (1992). It fared better in the UK, where it reached the top 10.

The accompanying music video marked Madonna's final collaboration with director David Fincher; the singer played Louise Oriole, a successful but promiscuous Manhattan businesswoman who engages in one-night stands with multiple men, until one of them murders her. Actor Christopher Walken played the role of her guardian angel. The video received positive reviews, with critics deeming it the singer's most "cinematic" and noting tropes and references Fincher would go on to use in his future works. Madonna has only performed "Bad Girl" live once, during a visit to the late-night live television show Saturday Night Live in January 1993.

Background and recording

In 1992, Madonna founded her own multi-media entertainment company Maverick, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing, and merchandising divisions.[1] The first two projects from the venture were her fifth studio album Erotica and a coffee table book of photographs featuring Madonna, entitled Sex.[1][2] For Erotica, Madonna primarily collaborated with American producer Shep Pettibone; Pettibone first began working with the singer during the 1980s, providing remixes for several of her singles.[3][4] Pettibone would build the base music of the songs in a style similar to his remixes, while Madonna wrote the melodies and lyrics.[5] According to the producer in an article titled "Erotica Diaries", published on Madonna's Icon magazine, he created a tape of three tracks for Madonna to listen to; he traveled to Chicago, where she was filming A League of Their Own (1992), played the songs for her and she liked all of them.[4] In October 1991, Madonna met with Pettibone in New York City to start working on demos.[4] According to Mark Bego, the first batch of songs they worked on were "Erotica", "Deeper and Deeper", "Bad Girl", "Thief of Hearts" and "Rain".[6] Recording took place at Astoria's Sound Work Studios from November 1991 to October 1992.[4] Madonna's vocals were recorded using an older style SM57 microphone because, according to Pettibone, "sometimes, older is better".[7]

Pettibone recalled how, as the recording sessions progressed, the melodies became more melancholic; he noted that Madonna's stories made the songs "a lot more serious and intense", leading them into a "deeply personal territory".[4] Similarly, Shimkin said that "Bad Girl", along with album track "In This Life", was a song that the singer had a "really deep personal attachment" to, but didn't notice this until the album was completed. He added: "['Bad Girl'] is one of those songs, like 'Oh Father' or 'Papa Don't Preach', where she really calls on her own emotions and experiences. She's never afraid to expose herself emotionally".[8] Pettibone, however, said that he never thought of "Bad Girl" as autobiographical, but as a song people could relate to.[9]

Composition

"Bad Girl" was written and produced by both Madonna and Pettibone, with additional lyrics by Anthony Shimkin; personnel working on the song included Pettibone on the sequencing, keyboard arrangement, and programming, alongside Shimkin; Dennis Mitchell and Robin Hancock were the song's recording engineers, while Goh Hotada was in charge of mixing, and Ted Jensen of mastering.[10]

It has been described as a melancholic, "somber, guilt-ridden" ballad that talks about a woman experiencing extreme sadness due to a failed relationship.[12][13][14] According to Carol Benson and Allan Metz, authors of The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, the song highlights the main theme explored throughout the Erotica album: "the pain and torment of the heart and the perils of romance".[14] Speaking to the BBC, Madonna herself explained that the lyrics talk about a woman in a toxic relationship, trying to "distract herself from reality" through self-destructive behaviors such as drinking and chain smoking; "she really cares for this person and she’s having a hard time saying goodbye [...] She’s unhappy with her situation".[15] This is reflected in the refrain, where she sings "Bad girl/drunk by six/ kissing some kind stranger's lips/Smoked too many cigarettes today/I’m not happy when I act this way";[11] her vocal range spans from F3 to C5.[14] Billboard's Larry Flick noted that Madonna's vocals were "mournful [...] amid a swirl of synths and a slow, syncopated beat".[12]

Release and critical reception

"While most of the songs on Erotica explore the explicit and often rewarding aspects of sex, 'Bad Girl' takes a different route, tackling the emotional consequences that can come with the act [...] It’s a sharp lesson that pain can be synonymous with passion".

—Billboard's Bianca Gracie reviewing "Bad Girl" on the magazine's list of Madonna's 100 best songs.[16]

In Europe and Australia, "Bad Girl" was released as Erotica's third official single on February 2, 1993.[17][18][19][20] In the United States, it was released on March 11 with "Fever" as its B-side.[21] Upon release, it was generally well received by music critics. For Billboard, Larry Flick highlighted its "intense" lyrics which Joe Lynch, from the same magazine, considered to be Madonna's "most affecting".[12][9] Carol Benson and Allan Metz pointed out that the song was a departure from the singer's "highly sexualized image" at the time.[14] AllMusic's Jose F. Promis stated that the song's lukewarm commercial reception was not a reflection of its "artistic achievement".[22] Arion Berger, from Rolling Stone, called it "riveting", and pointed out that it's a song in which the singer recognizes the "discomfort [the audience] feel[s] when sensing the human character of a woman whose function is purely sexual. A sex symbol herself, she coolly removes the threat of her own personality".[23] J. D. Considine, for The Baltimore Sun, named it "sobering as it is sad", and opined that "simply hearing the quaver in her voice as she insists 'You'll always be my baby' is enough to break any listener's heart".[11] Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani deemed it a hymn to promiscuity, and Barbara walker, from the Sun Sentinel, Madonna's "personal confessional on love".[3][24] A negative review came from Entertainment Weekly's David Browne, who dismissed it as a "lonely-at-the-top, lovesick-victim" song.[25] Graham Gremore, writing for Queerty, was also dismissive of track, which he referred to as "sappy", and opined "Thief of Hearts", another song from Erotica, would've made a better single.[26]

Retrospective reviews have been positive. Eric Henderson, for Slant Magazine, named it Madonna's 35th greatest single and a "brutal self-laceration served in the most flamboyantly melodramatic fashion imaginable"; Henderson also compared it to "In This Life", with the exception that "['Bad Girl'] is the far more dangerous track".[27] For Albumism's Justin Chadwick, it's the single that "leaves the most enduring impression" and reinforces Madonna’s abilities to craft "ballads that carry emotional weight without coming across as overwrought".[28] Matthew Jacobs from HuffPost said it was the "classiest" song in Erotica, and placed it at number 34 of his ranking.[29] A similar opinion was shared by The Backlot's Louis Virtel, who felt it was a "classy ballad with a great message", and the singer's 75th best song.[30] On Gay Star News' ranking, "Bad Girl" came in at number 27.[31] It was considered a "well-honed, slow piece of pop theatre" by The Guardian's Jude Rogers, who also deemed it Madonna's 45th best.[32] "Bad Girl" was classified as the singer's 42nd and 49th greatest song by Rolling Stone and Entertainment Weekly's Chuck Arnold, respectively;[13] the latter opined it "feels like a great deep cut rather than a single".[33] It has also been considered one of Madonna's most underrated tracks: Idolator's Mike Wass said that, thematically, it "deserved to be recognized as one of [Madonna]'s signature songs"; in another occasion, Wass opined that it "should have been bigger" as it is "one of the most achingly-honest pop songs of the '90s", as well as a "towering achievement that still holds up today".[34][35] From the Official Charts Company, Justin Myers considered it to be one of Madonna's "hidden gems" that show off her "storytelling abilities in its (rather depressing) lyrics".[36]

Chart performance

In the United States, "Bad Girl" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 75, in the issue dated February 20, 1993.[37] As the weeks went by, the song climbed places and finally peaked at number 36 the week of March 27.[38] "Bad Girl" became Madonna's first single to not reach the top 30 or top 20 of the Hot 100, breaking a streak of 27 consecutive top 20 singles that began with "Holiday" (1983) and ended with "Deeper and Deeper", as well as her lowest-charting song since "Oh Father" (1989).[39] Fred Bronson attributed the single's poor chart performance to the controversy surrounding Madonna with Erotica, the Sex book and the film Body of Evidence.[39] Similarly, AllMusic's Jose F. Promis felt that the public was tired of the artist's "bratty bad girl posturing", which was in "full swing" at the time of the single's release.[22] On the Hot 100 components Top 40 Radio Monitor and Top Singles Sales, it reached number 44 and 36, respectively.[40][41] "Bad Girl" peaked at number 26 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart.[42] The "Fever"/"Bad Girl" release reached the first position of Billboard's Dance Singles Sales, and came in at 46 on the year-end chart.[43][44] In Canada, the single peaked at number 20 of RPM's Top Singles chart on the week of March 27, 1992.[45]

In the United Kingdom, "Bad Girl" debuted at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and peaked at number ten on March 13, 1993; it was present on the chart for a total of seven weeks.[46] According to Music Week magazine, over 74,915 copies of the single have been sold in the United Kingdom as of 2008.[47] In Australia, "Bad Girl" entered the ARIA singles chart at number 40, eventually peaking at 32 and remaining seven weeks on the chart.[17] The single failed to enter the top 30 in countries like France,[19] Germany,[20] Belgium,[18] and New Zealand;[48] it fared better in Italy, Iceland, and Ecuador, where it reached the top 3.[49][50][51]

Music video

Background and synopsis
"Bad Girl" marked Madonna's final collaboration with director David Fincher (picture)

The "Bad Girl" music video was filmed in Manhattan from January 12–18, 1993, under the direction of David Fincher, who had previously worked with Madonna on "Express Yourself" (1989), "Oh Father", and "Vogue" (1990).[52] The singer had previously asked Tim Burton to direct the video, but he turned the offer down;[52] Mark Romanek, who would go on to direct the videos for "Rain" and "Bedtime Story" (1995), was also approached.[53] Personnel working on the clip included Bob Jenkins in editing, Juan Ruiz Anchía in cinematography and Jeffrey Beecroft as production designer.[54] The plot was inspired by Richard Brooks' Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and Wim Wenders' Wings of Desire (1987).[55] In it, Madonna plays Louise Oriole, a "promiscuous, chainsmoking Manhattan career woman";[56] Louise is the singer's middle name, while Oriole likely references Oriole Way, a Los Angeles street in which she lived with her ex-husband Sean Penn.[15] Actor Christopher Walken played the role of the singer's guardian angel.[56] Walken recalled his participation as being "kind of fun".[57] Actors Mark Margolis, Tomas Arana, James Rebhorn, Rob Campbell and Matt Dillon also appeared on the music video; Dillon played a police detective, but was uncredited.[54]

The video begins with the police finding Madonna's dead body. Louise Oriole is a successful, chain smoking alcoholic businesswoman, who engages in one-night stands with multiple men.[58] She behaves this way in order to try and deal with the depression and sadness over a failed relationship; all throughout the video, she's watched over by her guardian angel.[58] In one scene, Louise wakes up alone in her bed after a one-night stand and discovers a hand-written note laying on the pillow beside her. She gets upset after reading its content and tosses it to the ground; her angel picks it up revealing its content: "Thank you, whoever you are", the paper reads.[58] Towards the end of the video, Louise picks up another stranger. All of a sudden, the song stops, a cat hisses, a can of breath freshener is sprayed and the angel kisses her on the lips.[59] It is then implied that the man murdered Louise with her stockings; after her death, she reappears as a spirit along with her guardian angel, overseeing the police taking her body away to the morgue. The final shot shows Louise and her angel being lifted away on a director's chair.[58][60]

Reception and analysis
Screenshot of the "Bad Girl" music video depicting Louise Oriole (Madonna) after her guardian angel (Christopher Walken) has given her what Georges-Claude Guilbert considered to be a "kiss of death"[58]

The music video was positively received by critics. Georges-Claude Guilbert considered it a "masterpiece of the genre".[58] The Odyssey's Rocco Papa named it Madonna's "most cinematic" video, as it "features a plot in a way videos rarely do today". He ranked it her fifth best music video.[61] Louis Virtel from The Backlot placed it at number 21 of his ranking of the singer's videos; "beautifully shot, dramatically acted [...] unexpectedly emotional".[62] Parade's Samuel Murrian highlighted the performances: "[Madonna] can be such a brilliant actor, and her performance as a broken, unhappy woman whose self-destructive behavior gets her killed is one of her best". He also noted that the "sad [and] disturbing" clip "lingers in the memory long after you’ve seen it—like all of [Fincher's] best work"; he considered it Madonna's 16th greatest music video.[63] The Independent's Adam White also praised the singer's performance and the directing: "[Fincher directs] her to express all kinds of contradictory emotions through mere glances or expressions. It is a remarkable performance full of self-loathing, withdrawal and, finally, child-like bliss".[15] "Bad Girl" was considered one of Madonna's most underrated music videos by both VH1's Christopher Rosa and Idolator's Mike Neid;[64] the latter one called it her most "over-the-top".[65] "Bad Girl" came in the ninth position of a poll conducted by Billboard of the singer's 10 greatest videos.[66] Adam White said it was Fincher's "most important venture": A "short, stylish erotic thriller" that nods toward the work the filmmaker would go on to do in the future.[15] He furthered compared it to Madonna and Fincher's collaboration in 1989's "Oh Father"; both videos feel like "personal exorcism for [Madonna], of a kind only Fincher seemed to be able to coax out of her".[15] White concluded by referring to "Bad Girl" as an "unexpected final chapter in the Madonna/Fincher saga [...] something of a twisted funeral for their love story – emotive and affectionate, yet filled with bloody murder".[15]

David Denby deemed it a "premature summation of Fincher's work in miniature", pointing out references to other works by the director: The police discovering Madonna's corpse referenced Seven (1995); the "backward-running timepiece" image of Walken's angel of death character looking at his watch became the "key visual and metaphysical idea" in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008). Finally, Madonna being murdered by a seeming serial killer was a reference to both Seven and Zodiac (2007).[67] In a similar note, Vice's Raza Syed wrote that the video "has many of the hallmarks of Modern Fincher: air-tight camerawork, brushed-metal visual palette, corporate intrigue, a palpable sense of emotional isolation... and murder".[52] Adam White compared the Louise Oriole character to Gone Girl's Amy Elliott Dunne, as both women share a "troubled antihero quality".[15] According to Mark Browning, the shot of Walken and the singer in an elevated director's chair signified a "God-like" presence in the actor's character; the author also felt this particular shot was a tongue-in-cheek reference to "the responsibility and pressure that comes with directing".[60] In Experiencing Music Video: Aesthetics and Cultural Context (2004), Carol Vernallis pointed out that, through "iconic imagery", the viewer can predict the fate of Madonna's character: Her black dress in a dry cleaner's plastic bag alludes the body bag she will be wrapped in; the cat hissing at her suggest she's already a "ghost or figure who bears a curse"; finally, a door Madonna walks through looks like the "entrance to Hades".[68] The music video can be found on Madonna's 1999 compilation The Video Collection 93:99.[69]

Live performance and covers
See also: List of cover versions of Madonna songs and List of Madonna tribute albums

The only live performance of "Bad Girl" took place on January 1993, on the late-night live television show Saturday Night Live.[70] After finishing the song, Madonna tore up a photograph of Joey Buttafuoco - the alleged lover of Amy Fisher, the Long Island teenager who shot Buttafuoco's wife Mary Jo - and yelled "fight the real enemy!"[71] This was a reference to Sinéad O'Connor, who ripped apart a photograph of Pope John Paul II and yelled the same thing when she was the show's musical guest in October 1992.[71] The HuffPost considered this one of Madonna's "most legendary" performances, and Justin Myers one of her "very best live vocals".[36][72]

A cover by Boy George, Amanda Ghost and James Hardway, was included on the tribute albums Virgin Voices: A Tribute to Madonna, Vol. 1 (1999), A Tribute to Madonna: Virgin Voices (2003), Tribute to Madonna: Like a Virgin (2005), and The World's Greatest 80's Tribute to Madonna (2006).[73][74][75][76] A rendition by Semi Moore was included on 2000's Truly Blue: Tribute to Madonna.[77] Rock covers by Cruzer and Strike a Pose can be found on Immaculate Deception: A Tribute to the Music of Madonna (2004) and A Tribute To Madonna Vol 1 (2006).[78][79]

Track listing

Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.[10]

  • Madonna – lead vocals, songwriter, producer
  • Shep Pettibone – songwriter, producer, sequencing, keyboard, programming
  • Joe Moskowitz – keyboards
  • P. Dennis Mitchell – recording engineer
  • Robin Hancock – recording engineer
  • Goh Hotoda – mixing engineer
  • Ted Jensen – mastering

Charts

References
  1. Holden, Stephen (April 10, 1992). "Madonna makes a $60 million deal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved February 1, 2022.(subscription required)
  2. Orth, Maureen (October 1992). "Madonna in Wonderland". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  3. Cinquemani, Sal (February 24, 2007). "Review: Madonna, Erotica". Slant Magazine. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  4. Pettibone, Shep. "Erotica Diaries". ShepPettibone.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  5. Burgess 2013, p. 42
  6. Bego 2000, p. 96
  7. Bego 2000, p. 101
  8. Levine, Nick (October 20, 2017). "An oral history: Madonna's 'Erotica' by the people who helped create it". i-D. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  9. Lynch, Joe (October 20, 2017). "Madonna's 'Erotica' turns 25: An oral history of the most controversial '90s pop album". Billboard. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  10. Erotica (Liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1992. 9362-45031-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  11. Considine, J.D. (October 18, 1992). "Madonna's 'Erotica' delivers more than just sexuality". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  12. Flick, Larry (February 13, 1993). "Singles review" (PDF). Billboard. 105 (7): 74. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  13. "Madonna's 50 greatest songs: "Bad Girl" (from 'Erotica', 1992)". Rolling Stone. July 27, 2016. Archived from the original on September 1, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  14. Metz & Benson 1999, p. 19
  15. White, Adam (November 6, 2020). "From Madonna to Mank: Why David Fincher's greatest film is an erotic pop music video". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  16. "The 100 greatest Madonna songs: Critics' picks". Billboard. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  17. "Madonna – Bad Girl". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  18. "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  19. "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  20. "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  21. "Madonna.com > Discography > "Bad Girl"". Icon: Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  22. Promis, Jose F. (1993). "Madonna > Bad Girl > Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  23. Berger, Arion (November 26, 1992). "Home > Music >Album reviews > Erotica". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  24. Walker, Barbara (October 18, 1992). "Madonna the superstar's first full-length studio release since 1989, due in stores on Tuesday, may leave listerners missing melodies and musing about Madonna's love life". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  25. Browne, David (October 23, 1992). "Erotica". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  26. Gremore, Graham (October 11, 2014). "Something to Remember: The 12 most underrated Madonna songs of all time". Queerty. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  27. Henderson, Eric (April 14, 2020). "All 82 Madonna singles ranked". Slant Magazine. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  28. Chadwick, Justin (October 19, 2017). "TRIBUTE: Celebrating 25 years of Madonna's 'Erotica'". Albumism. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  29. Jacobs, Matthew (March 10, 2015). "The definitive ranking of Madonna singles". HuffPost. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  30. Virtel, Louis (March 2, 2012). "The 100 greatest Madonna songs". The Backlot. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  31. Morgan, Joe (August 15, 2014). "The definitive ranking of Madonna's top 55 songs". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on August 18, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  32. Jude, Rogers (August 16, 2018). "Every one of Madonna's 78 singles – ranked!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  33. Arnold, Chuck (August 15, 2018). "Madonna's 60 best singles, ranked". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
  34. Wass, Mike (August 16, 2017). "From 'Bad Girl' to 'Ghosttown', Madonna's 10 most underrated singles". Idolator. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  35. Wass, Mike (April 4, 2020). "Should have been bigger: Madonna's gloomy 'Bad Girl'". Idolator. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  36. Myers, Justin (August 16, 2018). "Deeper and deeper: Madonna's hidden gems and deep cuts you need in your life". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
  37. "The Hot 100: The week of February 20, 1993". Billboard. February 20, 1993. Archived from the original on November 29, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  38. "Madonna Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  39. Bronson, Fred (April 3, 1993). "Charles in charge with new R&B single" (PDF). Billboard. 105 (14): 114. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  40. "Top 40 Radio Monitor" (PDF). Billboard. 105 (9): 79. February 27, 1993. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  41. "Top Singles Sales" (PDF). Billboard. 105 (14): 98. April 3, 1993. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  42. "Top 40/Mainstream" (PDF). Billboard. 105 (13): 88. March 27, 1993. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  43. "Madonna Chart History (Dance Singles Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  44. "The year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. 105 (52): YE-53. December 25, 1993. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  45. "Top RPM Singles: Issue 7092." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  46. "Madonna: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  47. Jones, Alan (August 19, 2008). "The immaculate guide to 50 years of Madonna". Music Week. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  48. "Madonna – Bad Girl". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  49. "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. 10 (13): 28. March 27, 1993. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  50. "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (26.03.1993 – 01.04.1993)". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). March 25, 1993. p. 29. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  51. "Discos más populares". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). April 16, 1993. p. 55. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  52. Syed, Raza (January 10, 2016). "The Cinematic History of Madonna and David Fincher". Vice. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  53. "Express Yourself: The Making of Madonna's 20 Greatest Music Videos: 'Bedtime Story' (1995)". Rolling Stone. February 25, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  54. The Video Collection 93:99 (VHS, DVD). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1999. 9362-49729-6.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  55. Guilbert 2002, p. 132
  56. Schnakenberg 2014, p. 75
  57. Gritten, David (April 11, 1993). "MOVIES: Walken's New Turn: The actor who has made a career playing brooding psychos is in London making a romantic comedy; he calls it a nice change of pace". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 22, 2022.(subscription required)
  58. Guilbert 2002, pp. 101–102
  59. "Cinematic music videos: Madonna's 'Bad Girl'". Entertainment Weekly. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
  60. Browning 2010, p. 13
  61. Papa, Rocco (July 30, 2019). "The 10 Best Madonna Music Videos Of All-Time". The Odyssey. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  62. Virtel, Louis (August 16, 2013). "Madonna's 55 best videos, in honor of her 55th birthday". The Backlot. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  63. Murrian, Samuel (August 16, 2018). "We ranked Madonna's 20 greatest music videos—Happy birthday to the queen of pop!". Parade. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  64. Rosa, Christopher (August 16, 2016). "Madonna's 10 most underrated music videos". VH1. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  65. Nied, Mike (August 16, 2018). "From 'Vogue' to 'Hung Up', Madonna's 25 best videos". Idolator. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  66. Letkemann, Jessica (August 16, 2012). "Madonna's 10 best videos: Poll results!". Billboard. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  67. Denby 2012, p. 260
  68. Vernallis 2004, p. 108
  69. "Inlay credits". The Video Collection 93:99 (VHS, DVD, CD). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1999. 9362-49729-6.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  70. "Madonna performs 'Fever' and 'Bad Girl' on Saturday Night Live". Icon: Official Madonna website. Archived from the original on January 9, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  71. "Another 'Bad girl' rips up a photograph on 'SNL'". Deseret News. January 18, 1993. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  72. "Madonna's 55th birthday: A look back at the Material Girl's most legendary performances". HuffPost. February 2, 2016. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  73. Huey, Steve (March 23, 1999). "Various Artists > Virgin Voices: A Tribute to Madonna, Vol. 1 > Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  74. Kergan, Wade (January 14, 2003). "Various Artists > A Tribute to Madonna: Virgin Voices > Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  75. "Various Artists > Tribute to Madonna: Like a Virgin > Overview". AllMusic. February 14, 2005. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  76. "The World's Greatest 80's Tribute to Madonna by Various Artists on Apple Music". Apple Music. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  77. Huey, Steve (January 25, 2000). "Various Artists > Truly Blue: Tribute to Madonna > Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  78. Blake, Embo. "Music Reviews: The Immaculate Deception: A Tribute To The Music Of Madonna". Hybrid Magazine. Archived from the original on September 1, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  79. "A Tribute To Madonna Vol 1: Strike A Pose". Amazon. October 19, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  80. Bad Girl (US 7" vinyl single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 5439-18650-7.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  81. Bad Girl (Japan 3" single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. WPDP-6321.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  82. Bad Girl (US 12" maxi-single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40793-0.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  83. Bad Girl (US maxi-single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40793-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  84. Bad Girl (UK CD single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40789-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  85. Bad Girl (UK 12" vinyl single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40789-0.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  86. Bad Girl (UK 7" vinyl single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 5439-18556-7.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  87. Bad Girl (UK casette single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 5439-18580-4.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  88. Bad Girl (French single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 9362-40810-0.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  89. Bad Girl (French CD single liner notes). Madonna. Maverick Records. 1993. 5439-18556-7.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  90. "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. 10 (12): 26. March 20, 1993. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  91. "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Bad Girl". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  92. "Madonna - Bad Girl" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  93. "Madonna – Bad Girl" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  94. "Madonna – Bad Girl". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  95. "Top 60 Dance Singles" (PDF). Music Week: 26. March 6, 1993. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  96. "Madonna Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  97. "Árslistinn 1993". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). January 4, 1994. p. 17. Retrieved April 12, 2022.

Bibliography
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.