April 1981

The following events occurred in April 1981:

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April 12, 1981: Space shuttle era begins with U.S. launch of Columbia

April 1, 1981 (Wednesday)

April 2, 1981 (Thursday)

April 3, 1981 (Friday)
  • After two days, the attempted coup d'état in Thailand was put down as thousands of troops took back control of Bangkok without a fight. Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda had taken King Bhumibol Adulyadej and the royal family with him to the city of Korat after General Sant Chipatima had seized control on Wednesday.[13]
  • Sergeant Logan Laroy Scott of the Fort Myers Police Department in Florida died on duty in an automobile accident.[14]
  • Days before it was to be the showpiece of the California Energy Commission's conference on wind energy, the Alcoa 500 kW wind turbine at San Gorgonio Pass began turning. After only 2+1⁄2 hours, the turbine was out of control, a blade came loose and the structure collapsed. The embarrassment was great enough that Alcoa went no further in wind energy research.[15]
The Osborne 1

April 4, 1981 (Saturday)

April 5, 1981 (Sunday)

April 6, 1981 (Monday)
  • Police Officer Rodney C. "Rocky" Bonney of the Auburn, Maine Police Department drowned during an unsuccessful attempt to rescue a teenage boy who had fallen into the Androscoggin River.[28]
  • A pair of gunmen attempted to rob a branch of the Augusta Savings and Loan at the Dundalk (Maryland) Shopping Center and accidentally locked themselves out. When they departed through the exit, they found themselves surrounded by most of the officers of the Precinct 12 station of the Baltimore County, Maryland, police, which was only 250 yards (230 m) away and had been changing shifts.[29][30]
  • Born: Robert Earnshaw, Wales national football team striker, 2002–present; in Mufulira, Zambia

April 7, 1981 (Tuesday)
  • The "Soyuz '81" maneuvers by armies of the Warsaw Pact nations came to an end, allaying fears that they were a prelude to an invasion of Poland to suppress the Solidarity union. Earlier in the day, Pact commander General Kulikov had a closed meeting with Polish leaders Stanislaw Kania and Jaruselski for a commitment to get the union movement under control.[31]
  • The Troubles in Derry: 29-year-old Protestant civilian Joanne Mathers was shot and killed by a Republican group while collecting census forms.[11]
  • National Guardsmen in El Salvador drove into the San Salvador neighborhood of Monte Carmelos, pulled out residents accused of rebellion against the government, and executed them. Reporters who arrived later found thirty bodies in the streets.[32]
  • The explosion of a grain elevator at Corpus Christi, Texas, killed nine people and injured 30.[33][34]
  • Born: Suzann Pettersen, Norwegian golfer, 2007 LPGA Champion, in Oslo
  • Died: Norman Taurog, 82, American film director who won an Academy Award in 1931 for the film Skippy

April 8, 1981 (Wednesday)
General Bradley
  • Died: General of the Army Omar N. Bradley, 88, last "five-star general" in the United States

April 9, 1981 (Thursday)
Valenzuela

April 10, 1981 (Friday)

April 11, 1981 (Saturday)
  • 1981 Brixton riot: Rioting began in the mostly black London neighborhood of Brixton after police had stopped and questioned hundreds of residents as part of "Swamp 81", an anti-crime campaign that started five days earlier.[44] Resentment built, and at 4:45 pm, the arrest of a young black man on Atlantic Road triggered the worst race riot in England's history. A crowd broke the windows of the police van transporting the arrest subject, then set fire to an empty police car and began looting stores. By 5:30, the violence had spread to Railton Road and Mayall Road, and at 6:30, the first gasoline bombs were hurled at police cars. Order was restored by 10:00 pm.[45] A subsequent government investigation reported that 279 policemen and at least 45 civilians were injured, noting that "In the centre of Brixton, a few hundred young people- most, but not all of them black — attacked the police on the streets... demonstrating to the millions of their fellow citizens the fragile basis of the Queen's peace. The petrol bomb was now used for the first time on the streets of Britain (the idea, no doubt, copied from the disturbances in Northern Ireland). These young people, by their criminal behaviour — for such, whatever their grievances or frustrations, it was — brought about a temporary collapse of law and order in the centre of an inner suburb of London."[46]
  • City Marshal Harvey David Johnson of the Fouke, Arkansas Police Department died of a heart attack after being struck in the chest by a person he was trying to arrest.[47]
  • Trooper Robert Patrick McDermon, Sr., of the Florida Highway Patrol and his cousin were shot and killed after encountering an escaped prisoner inside the cousin's Baldwin, Florida home.[48]
  • Actress Valerie Bertinelli married rock musician Eddie Van Halen, and 77-year-old actor Cary Grant married 46-year-old actress Barbara Harris.
  • Died: Caroline Gordon, 85, American novelist

April 12, 1981 (Sunday)
  • The world's first reusable spacecraft, the space shuttle Columbia, was launched from Kennedy Space Center for the first time at 7:00 a.m. EST, beginning the STS-1 mission.[49] As one historian noted later, "Never before in the history of the space program had NASA asked its astronauts to pilot a rocket or a spacecraft into space on its maiden voyage... NASA engineers counted 748 different ways in which the two astronauts on the maiden voyage of the space shuttle Columbia could die."[50] John Young, who had gone into space four times before, and Robert Crippen, who would fly three more shuttle missions, reached orbit and returned two days later. Delayed several times, the liftoff came 20 years to the day after Yuri Gagarin had become the first man to be sent into outer space, on the April 12, 1961, liftoff of Vostok 1.
  • Died: Joe Louis, 66, American heavyweight boxing champion from 1937 to 1949; the night before, he had watched Larry Holmes defeat challenger Trevor Berbick in Las Vegas
Louis

April 13, 1981 (Monday)

April 14, 1981 (Tuesday)
  • At 10:21 am PST (1821 UTC), Columbia became the first crewed orbital spacecraft to land in California. Sixty minutes earlier at an altitude of 172 miles (277 km) over the Indian Ocean, astronauts Young and Crippen had taken the space shuttle orbiter out of orbit.[56] During the first mission, the thermostat, the cargo doors and the zero-G toilet all malfunctioned, and some of the heat-shielding tiles had fallen off (though not from the underside of the orbiter). Columbia would fly 27 more missions. On February 1, 2003, Columbia would be destroyed and its crew of 7 killed, after leading edge wing damage led to the orbiter burning up during its return to earth.[57]
  • Sergeant John Joseph "J.J." Brown of the Savannah, Georgia Police Department was killed by friendly fire during a shootout with a suspect, who was also killed.[58]
  • Police Officer Michael Joseph Tralka of the Detroit Police Department in Michigan died of a heart attack during a struggle with a domestic disturbance suspect.[59]
  • Died: William Henry Vanderbilt, 79, tycoon and former Governor of Massachusetts

April 15, 1981 (Wednesday)
  • Fifteen coal miners were killed in an explosion at the Redstone Coal Company's Dutch Creek #1 mine.[60] An investigation by the Colorado Bureau of Mines concluded that the cause was a spark, possibly from a damaged cable, that ignited accumulated methane gas.[61]
  • FBI agents W. Mark Felt and Edward S. Miller were pardoned by President Reagan, five months after they had been convicted of conspiracy to violate the civil rights of friends and relatives of suspected members of the Weather Underground terrorist group. In his pardon statement, Reagan said, "America was generous to those who refused to serve their country in the Vietnam War. We can be no less generous to two men who acted on high principle to bring an end to the terrorist that was threatening our nation."[62][63]

April 16, 1981 (Thursday)
  • Sigurd Debus, an imprisoned West German terrorist who had started a hunger strike a month before Bobby Sands did the same in Northern Ireland, died after ten weeks without food. Debus had been one of 25 members of the Red Army Faction to refuse to eat in protest of imprisonment conditions. Most of the other participants called off their strike after his death.[64]
  • The Troubles: 56-year-old Protestant John Donnelly, a member of the Ulster Defence Regiment, was shot and killed by the Irish National Liberation Army at an inn in County Tyrone.[11]
  • Canada's Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau rejected a plan, endorsed by the Premiers of eight of the nation's ten provinces, that would have allowed individual provincial legislatures to reject constitutional changes, saying that it would turn Canada into a loose confederation.[65]
  • Police Officer John G. Scarangella of the New York City Police Department and his partner were both shot during a traffic stop when two gunmen emerged from a van they had stopped and fired on their vehicle. Scarangella would die of his injuries on May 1.[66]
  • In Saint Paul, Minnesota, a reckless driver fleeing the police crashed into a patrol car, killing Police Officer John J. O'Brien of the Saint Paul Police Department and two teenagers in the other car. O'Brien's partner and another person in the other car were seriously injured.[67]
  • Died: Effa Manley, 84, Negro league baseball team owner and manager (Newark Eagles) and inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame

April 17, 1981 (Friday)
  • Constable Thomas Dean Jahelka of the East Haddam, Connecticut Police Department was struck and killed by a vehicle during a traffic stop.[68]
  • Air U.S. Flight 716, from Denver to Gillette, Wyoming, collided with a Cessna airplane carrying parachutists from the Skies West Skydiving Club of Fort Collins, Colorado. All 13 persons on the airliner were killed, and two of the skydivers died. The rest of the group parachuted to safety.[69]

April 18, 1981 (Saturday)
  • The Rochester Red Wings and the Pawtucket Red Sox began playing a minor league baseball game. After nine innings, the score was tied, and at the end of the 32nd inning, 4:09 the next morning, the game was halted with the score still tied at 2-2. The game would not be finished until June 23. Rochester and Pawtucket did play another game on the same Sunday, but, as one author noted, "they did not attempt to resolve their 32-inning tie then because officials of both clubs were worried that the eligible players were exhausted."[70][71]
  • Deputy Richard John Landes of the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office in Florida was struck and killed by an alleged drunk driver while assisting in the removal of a vehicle from a canal.[72]
  • Police Officer Jose A. Zamarron of the Houston Police Department in Texas was struck and killed on duty by a drunk driver.[73]
  • Died: James H. Schmitz, 69, American science fiction author

April 19, 1981 (Sunday)

April 20, 1981 (Monday)
  • Bai Hua, an award-winning author in the People's Republic of China, became the first writer to have his career ended by a government campaign against "bourgeouis liberalism" and suspected violations of the Chinese Communist Party's new "Four Cardinal Principles", beginning with an attack on the front page of the military newspaper Liberation Army Daily. China's leader Deng Xiaoping had been outraged by a film based on Bai Hua's novel Kulian (Unrequited Love). Government campaigns against other authors soon followed.[78]
  • The Inderavelly Massacre took place in the town of that name in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, when police fired into a crowd of Gondi tribesmen. The police reported that 13 armed protesters and one policeman were killed, while an investigating committee estimated the number at 60 or more.[79]
  • Three college students, on spring break from the University of New Brunswick, were killed after their group camped near the edge of a cliff at the Hay's Falls near Woodstock. Over a course of several minutes, the three fell 80 feet (24 m) to their deaths.[80]
  • Patrolman Robert D. Mitchem of the Richland, Mississippi Police Department was killed on duty when a train struck his vehicle.[81]
  • In Omaha, the very last game of the Women's Professional Basketball League was played, as the Nebraska Wranglers defeated the Dallas Diamonds, 99–90, to win the WPBL championship in the fifth game of the best of five series.[82][83]

April 21, 1981 (Tuesday)
  • Soldiers of the Army of Guatemala entered the village of Acul, near Santa Maria Nebaj in the Guatemalan highlands, and executed most of the adult men for suspected collaboration with leftist guerillas. "Within two weeks," an investigator for the government noted in 1997, "the village was empty, and the army burned every house and field of corn in Acul". The village would be rebuilt two years later.[84][85]
  • Died:
    • Dorothy Eady, 73, English born Egyptologist who claimed to be "Omm Sety", a reincarnated priestess from the 13th Century BC
    • Eddie Sauter, 66, American bandleader and jazz composer

April 22, 1981 (Wednesday)
  • The first zero-coupon bonds were issued, as the J.C. Penney Company offered $200,000,000 worth of bonds that paid no periodic interest, dividends or other money until maturity. For $332.47 an investor would receive a "zero" that would pay $1,000 at its maturity date of May 1, 1989, for a 14.25% annual interest rate.[86]
  • Four gunmen, wearing Halloween masks, robbed the First National Bank of Arizona in Tucson. Taking $3.3 million, they accomplished the largest American bank robbery up to that time.[87]
  • In one of the first of many corporate mergers in the 1980s, food producers Nabisco, Inc. acquired Standard Brands, Inc., in a stock transaction valued at $1.9 billion, to create Nabisco Brands, Inc.[88]
  • Born: Ken Dorsey, American NFL and CFL quarterback, in Orinda, California

April 23, 1981 (Thursday)

April 24, 1981 (Friday)
  • U.S. President Ronald Reagan ended the grain embargo that been instituted by President Carter on January 7, 1980, and which had restricted the sale of American grain to the Soviet Union following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In his announcement, Reagan said, "American farmers have been unfairly singled out to bear the burden of this ineffective policy."[98]
  • On the same day, President Reagan sent a handwritten letter to Soviet General Secretary (and, as Chairman of the Presidium, Soviet head of state) Leonid Brezhnev to open a dialogue between the United States and the Soviet Union. Biographer Lou Cannon would later describe the missive as "one of the few foreign policy documents composed by Reagan... without the assistance of speechwriters or formal position papers from his various departments".[99] Reagan, who composed the letter from his hospital bed while recovering from the attempt on his life, opened with a reference to a meeting during Brezhnev's 1973 visit to California, when Reagan had been Governor, asking "Is it possible that we have permitted ideology, political and economic philosophies, and governmental policies to keep us from considering the very real, everyday problems of peoples?"
  • In Hama, Syria, the Syrian Army randomly arrested more than 150 men and teenaged boys, then shot them. The massacre was in retaliation for the April 21 attack of an army patrol by guerillas of the Muslim Brotherhood, based in Hama.[100]

April 25, 1981 (Saturday)
  • The Soviet Union launched Kosmos 1267 to carry the unmanned TKS spacecraft, a vehicle that could provide a space ferry to bring back returning cosmonauts, as well as providing an additional component to an orbiting space station. The TKS module would remain in orbit until it docked automatically to Salyut 6 on June 19, as the first successful expansion of an orbiting craft, an accomplishment described as "an important step toward the later development of Mir and the International Space Station".[101][102] Once docked, the engines of the Kosmos were used to make orbital changes for the Salyut station. On July 29, 1982, the engines would be used one final time to bring both modules out of orbit, where they burned up over the Pacific Ocean.[103]
  • The Troubles in Derry: 15-year-old Catholic civilian Paul Whitters died 10 days after the Royal Ulster Constabulary shot him with a plastic bullet.[11]
  • Born:

April 26, 1981 (Sunday)
  • The first successful fetal surgery was performed by Dr. Michael R. Harrison at the University of California at San Francisco hospital. The patient was born at the UCSF Hospital two weeks later, on May 10, 1981, and named Michael.[104]
  • In the first round of the French presidential election, none of the 10 candidates on the ballot received a majority of the votes. The top two finishers, incumbent President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Socialist challenger François Mitterrand, won 28.3% and 25.8% of the vote respectively, and qualified for the May 10 runoff election. Paris Mayor Jacques Chirac (17.9%) and Communist Party leader Georges Marchais (15.3%) were the next highest vote getters. The other candidates were Huguette Bouchardeau, Michel Crepeau, Michel Debre, Marie-France Garaud, Arlette Laguiller and Brice Lalonde.[105]
  • The first nationwide voting in Vietnam, since the 1976 forced unification of the North and South republics, was conducted for the National Assembly. Although all of the candidates had been chosen by the Communist Party's "Fatherland Front", there were 614 candidates for the 496 seats.[106]
  • Died: Jim Davis, 71, American TV actor who had been portraying Jock Ewing on Dallas

April 27, 1981 (Monday)
  • The Troubles: In Andersonstown, Belfast, 28-year-old Protestant Gary Martin, a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, was killed by an Irish National Liberation Army booby-trap bomb in an abandoned lorry.[11]
  • Operation Red Dog, a plot to overthrow the government of the Commonwealth of Dominica, was foiled when FBI agents arrested ten mercenary soldiers near New Orleans as they were preparing to sail toward the Caribbean island nation with a cache of weapons.[107] Led by Michael Eugene Perdue, the group of white supremacists had planned to take control of the government of the mostly black nation, after freeing former Prime Minister Patrick John (also black) from a Dominican jail, and being appointed to high government positions.[108]
"Bigfoot"
  • "Bigfoot", the first "monster truck", was created by Bob Chandler, who had envisioned a vehicle with tires so large that it could crush anything in its path. On this date, Chandler gave the first test run of "Bigfoot" at a field near St. Louis, Missouri, and rolled it over abandoned cars. The first major event in the new sport of monster truck competition would take place on April 9, 1983, at the Pontiac Silverdome, before a crowd of 68,000.[109][110]
  • The Xerox 8010 Star Information System, the first personal computer to include a mouse in the two-button format used today for a right-click and left-click function, went on sale for the first time.[111][112] In a press release, the Xerox Corporation described the 8010's capabilities and then noted that "All of these jobs require only four main function keys on the keyboard, plus the 'mouse,' which controls a 'pointer' that moves around the screen to choose from alternative functions."[113]
  • 20-year-old John Eric Hastrick of Radlett-Hertz, London, England, fell 330 feet (100 m) to his death from the Rim Trail in Grand Canyon National Park while walking backward toward the Canyon to find the right spot to photograph the Bright Angel Lodge.[114]

April 28, 1981 (Tuesday)

April 29, 1981 (Wednesday)
  • U.S. Representative Raymond F. Lederer (D-Pa.) resigned his office, one day after the House Ethics Committee had voted 10–2 to recommend his expulsion from the United States Congress. Lederer had won re-election in 1980 while under indictment for taking a bribe following the FBI's Abscam investigation, and convicted of felony charges on January 9.[120]
  • Steve Carlton became the seventh pitcher to have 3,000 strikeouts, and the first left-handed pitcher, in a game between the Phillies and Expos; Tom Seaver of the Reds had become the sixth on April 18 against the Cardinals. The first five were Walter Johnson (1923), Bob Gibson (1974), Gaylord Perry (1978), and Nolan Ryan (1980). Baseball Digest (Oct 2000) p9

April 30, 1981 (Thursday)

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  118. "Billie Jean King sued for support by woman". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 30, 1981. p. 2.
  119. "King admits homosexual affair". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. May 2, 1981. p. 7.
  120. "Lederer to quit as Congressman, avoids expulsion", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 30, 1981, p2
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