Anwar Raslan

Anwar Raslan was born in 1963 in Taldou in the Homs governorate, Syria. After completing a degree in law, he served as a security service officer in Damascus. In 2006, Raslan was responsible for the detention of Syrian lawyer and human rights defender Anwar al-Bunni. In 2008, he became colonel, and head of the intelligence department of Branch 251 (internal branch), also known as branch al-Khatib, part of the General Intelligence Directorate. Raslan was tasked with the internal safety of a Damascus prison. In July 2012, Raslan moved to branch 285 of the state security forces. Branch 285 mostly dealt with high value prisoners, such as political detainees.[6]

According to the German journalist Christoph Reuter, who interviewed Raslan in Jordan, Raslan defected out of shame for his employer: he had wanted to investigate an attack in Damascus of January 2012, which the government refused since the attack had been staged by the Syrian secret service.[7] For many Syrian exiles, it was out of opportunism, not out of conviction, that Anwar Raslan fled the Assad regime, of which he was an essential cog.[7]

Defecting from the Assad government, Raslan and his family were smuggled to Jordan in December 2012.[8] He came to Germany in 2014 and was granted asylum in the same year.[9] He was arrested in Germany in February 2019[10] and charged in March 2020. The trial began in April 2020 and was held in the city of Koblenz[4] until January 13, 2022.[5] The European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR) and Syria Justice and Accountability Centre have documented the trial.[11] The prosecution is part of a larger trend in universal jurisdiction to investigate and hold accountable individuals who committed crimes during the Syrian civil war. On December 2, 2021, the German federal prosecutor's office called for the life sentence against Anwar Raslan, in the first trial in the world for abuses committed by the Bashar al-Assad government.

On January 13, 2022, Raslan was sentenced by the state court in Koblenz to imprisonment for life[12][13] "for a crime against humanity in the form of killing, torture, severe deprivation of liberty, rape and sexual coercion in unity of action with 27 counts of Mord, 25 counts of dangerous bodily harm, two counts of especially serious rape, sexual coercion, 14 counts of deprivation of liberty for more than one week, two counts of hostage-taking and three counts of sexual abuse of prisoners."[lower-alpha 1][14] As of 13 January 2022, the judgement was not yet legally binding, which means the defendant or his attorneys were given a week to appeal the verdict.

• Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war