Abd al-Haqq I

Abd al-Haqq I

Chief of the Banu Marin
Abd al-Haqq I; Chief of the Banu Marin
Died	1217
Years active	1195 – 1217
Children	Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq; Mohammed ibn Abd al-Haqq;

Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq I (died 1217) was the first leader of the Marinids of the Maghreb.[1][2]

History

The "Banu Marin" (Marinids) were a semi-nomadic Zenata Berber tribe who in the 12th century were practising transhumance in the region between Figuig and the Moulouya River in what is now eastern Morocco.[3][4] Unlike many Zenata tribes in the region, they did not join the Almohads as they conquered the Maghrib.[4] Later, their chief Muhyu did fight on the side of the Almohads and participated in the Battle of Alarcos in 1195, where he died of his wounds.[4] Afterwards, leadership of the tribe passed on to Abd al-Haqq (Abd al-Haqq I).

The Almohads suffered a severe defeat against the Christian kingdoms of Iberia on 16 July 1212 in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The severe loss of life at the battle left the Almohad state weakened and some of its regions somewhat depopulated.[3] Soon after this, in 1213 or 1214,[5] the Marinids took advantage of the situation and entered in force into the cultivated lands of northeastern Morocco, under the leadership of Abd al-Haqq.[4] They progressively occupied land as far as the Rif region, forcing settlements and towns to pay taxes to them.[5][4][3] In 1217 an Almohad army, joined by the Banu Riyah, an Arab tribe, and a dissident Marinid clan, defeated Abd al-Haqq in battle. Abd al-Haqq was killed and the Marinids were repelled from the region for a time.[4] Leadership passed on to Abd al-Haqq's son, Uthman (Uthman I).[1]

References

Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The Marīnids". The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748621378.
Merinid Dynasty / Marinids / Beni Merin - The History Files (African Kingdoms)
Khaneboubi, A. (2010-12-30). "Mérinides (Berb. : Ayt Mrin)". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (31): 4889–4895. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.568. ISSN 1015-7344.
Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 0521337674.
Shatzmiller, Maya (2012). "Marīnids". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.

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[:0-1] Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The Marīnids". The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748621378.

[2] Merinid Dynasty / Marinids / Beni Merin - The History Files (African Kingdoms)

[:1-3] Khaneboubi, A. (2010-12-30). "Mérinides (Berb. : Ayt Mrin)". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (31): 4889–4895. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.568. ISSN 1015-7344.

[:15-4] Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 0521337674.

[:052-5] Shatzmiller, Maya (2012). "Marīnids". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.