2022 Brazilian general election

General elections are scheduled to be held on 2 October 2022 in Brazil to elect the President, Vice President, and the National Congress.[1] Elections for state Governors and Vice Governors, State Legislative Assemblies, the Federal District Legislative Chamber, and the District Council of Fernando de Noronha will be held at the same time.[2]

2022 Brazilian general election
2 October 2022 (2022-10-02) (first round)
30 October 2022 (2022-10-30) (second round, if necessary)
Opinion polls
Incumbent President

Jair Bolsonaro
PL


Parliamentary election
All 513 seats of Chamber of Deputies
27 of 81 seats of the Federal Senate
PartyLeader Current seats
Chamber of Deputies
PL Altineu Côrtes 69
PT Reginaldo Lopes 54
UNIÃO Elmar Nascimento 53
PP André Fufuca 49
REP Vinicius Carvalho 44
PSD Antonio Brito 40
MDB Isnaldo Bulhões Jr. 32
PSDB Adolfo Viana 29
PSB Bira do Pindaré 28
Federal Senate
MDB Eduardo Braga 16
PSD Nelson Trad 11
PODE Alvaro Dias 9
PSDB Izalci Lucas 8
PL Carlos Portinho 7
PP Daniella Ribeiro 7
PT Paulo Rocha 7
UNIÃO Soraya Thronicke 6
PDT Cid Gomes 3
PROS Telmário Mota 3
Official 2022 elections logo

Under rulings by the Superior Electoral Court and Supreme Federal Court, political parties must allocate their funds and broadcast time proportionally to the number of their candidates of each sex and race.[3] As of October 2021, there are more than 146 million registered voters in Brazil, making the country the second largest democracy in the Americas and one of the largest in the world.[4][5]

Electoral system

Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years old and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years old. Those who do not vote in an election and do not present an acceptable justification (such as being absent from their voting locality at the time) must pay a fine, normally R$3.51[6][7][8] (equivalent to US$0.62 as of December 2021) but in some cases may vary from R$1.05 to R$35.13 (US$0.18 to US$6.18).[9]

Brazilian citizens residing abroad may only vote for president and vice president.[10] Due to a treaty with Portugal, Portuguese citizens legally residing in Brazil for more than three years may also register to vote in Brazilian elections.[11]

All candidates for federal, state, Federal District and municipal offices must be registered in a political party. For offices to be elected by majority, such as president and governor, each party may only nominate one candidate.[12]

A new law, valid for this election, allows for the creation of political alliances between two or more parties, called federações partidárias (party federations). The federation must act as one single party with a single list for legislative elections and single candidates for executive ones, and with one single leadership structure over the course of the elected legislature. They are valid over all three levels of government: national, state and municipal.[13] Left-wing parties, such as PT, Psol, PSB, PCdoB and PV are currently negotiating an alliance.[14]

Presidential elections
Brazilian DRE voting machine

The President and Vice President of Brazil are elected as a joint ticket using the two-round system. The first round of elections is held on the first Sunday of October (in this instance, 2 October 2022).[15] The candidate who receives more than 50% of the total valid votes in the first round is elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, the two candidates who receive the most votes in the first round participate in a second round of voting, held on the last Sunday of October (in this instance, 30 October 2022), and the candidate who receives the most votes in the second round is elected.

Gubernatorial elections

The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District will be elected, in two rounds if needed, in the same way as the presidential election.

Federal Senate elections

One-third of the 81 members of the Federal Senate will be elected, the other two-thirds having been elected in 2018. One candidate will be elected from each of the states and the Federal District using plurality voting.[16]

Chamber of Deputies elections

All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (Federal Deputies) will be elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and the Federal District, varying in size from 8 to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using integer quotients and the D'Hondt method.[17][18]

Legislative Assemblies elections

All members of the State Legislative Assemblies (State Deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (District Deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using integer quotients and the D'Hondt method.

Fernando de Noronha

All seven members of the District Council of Fernando de Noronha will be elected, by single non-transferable vote. Unlike elections for other offices in Brazil, candidates for this council do not have to be registered in a political party.[2]

Presidential candidates

Pre-candidates

As of November 2021, the following politicians have announced their candidacy. Political parties have until 15 August 2022 to formally register their candidates.[19]

Candidate name and party Most recent political office Party logo Details Ref.
Jair Bolsonaro
Liberal Party (PL)		 President of Brazil
(since 2019)		 Born in Glicério, São Paulo in 1955. Incumbent President of Brazil. Former Federal Deputy for the state of Rio de Janeiro and Councillor of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Retired Captain of the Brazilian Army. [20][21][22][23]
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Workers' Party (PT)		 President of Brazil
(2003–2010)		 Born in Caetés, Pernambuco in 1945. Former President of Brazil and Federal Deputy for the state of São Paulo. Retired Metalworker and trade unionist. [24][25][26]
João Doria
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)		 Governor of São Paulo
(since 2019)		 Born in São Paulo, São Paulo in 1957. Incumbent Governor of São Paulo. Former Mayor of São Paulo. Businessman and journalist. [27]
Ciro Gomes
Democratic Labour Party (PDT)		 Federal Deputy for Ceará
(2007–2011)		 Born in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo in 1957. Former Minister of National Integration and Finance of Brazil, former Governor and Federal Deputy of Ceará. Lawyer and professor. Candidate for president in 1998, 2002 and 2018. [28]
Simone Tebet

Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)

 Senator for Mato Grosso do Sul
(since 2015)		 Born in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul in 1970. Former vice-Governor of Mato Grosso do Sul. [29]
André Janones

Avante

 Federal Deputy for Minas Gerais
(since 2019)		 Born in Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais in 1984. Federal deputy for Minas Gerais. [30]
Luiz Felipe D'Ávila

New Party (NOVO)

 No prior public office Born in São Paulo, São Paulo in 1963. Political scientist. [31]
José Maria Eymael

Christian Democracy (DC)
Federal Deputy for São Paulo (1987–1990) Born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, in 1939. Lawyer, businessman. Founder and National President of Christian Democracy. Former Federal Deputy for São Paulo. Candidate for president in 1998, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. [32]
Leonardo Péricles

Popular Unity (UP)

 No prior public office Born in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais in 1982. National President of Popular Unity. [33][34][35]
Sofia Manzano

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB)

 No prior public office Economist and PhD in Economic History from the University of São Paulo. [36]
Vera Lúcia

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

 No prior public office Born in Inajá, Pernambuco, in 1967. Labour organizer. Candidate for president in 2018. [37]
Luciano Bivar

Brazil Union (UNIÃO)

 Federal Deputy from Pernambuco
(since 2019)		 Born in Recife, Pernambuco, in 1944. Former National President of the Social Liberal Party and Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies. Candidate for President in 2006. [38][39][40]

Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB)

Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB)

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

Podemos (PODE)

Social Christian Party (PSC)

Workers' Party (PT)

Declined to be candidates

Vice presidential candidates

Brazilian Labour Party (PTB)

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB)

Liberal Party (PL)

Republicanos

Independents

Debate list

As of April 2022, the following TV stations confirmed presidential debates:[95]

2022 Brazilian presidential election debates
 No.Date and TimeHost and LocationModeratorParticipants
Key:
 P  Participant  		 PL PT PDT PSDB
President
Bolsonaro
of São Paulo		 Former President
Lula
of Pernambuco		 Former Minister
Gomes
of Ceará		 Governor
Doria
of São Paulo
1 Saturday, 6 August 2022 CNN Brazil
São Paulo, Paulista Avenue
Brazilian Financial Center		 TBD TBD
2 Tuesday, 9 August 2022 Jovem Pan News
São Paulo, Paulista Avenue
Sir Winston Churchill Building		 TBD TBD
3 Sunday, 14 August 2022 Band TV
São Paulo, Morumbi District		 TBD TBD
4 Monday, 2 September 2022 RedeTV!
Osasco, Vila São José
Digital Television Center		 TBD TBD
5 Thursday, 29 September 2022 TV Globo
Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá
Estúdios Globo		 TBD TBD
6 Friday, 28 October 2022 TV Globo
Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá
Estúdios Globo		 TBD TBD

Congress

The result of the last general election and the current situation in the National Congress is given below:

Chamber of Deputies
Affiliation Members +/–
Elected Current
PT 54 54
PSL 52 0 52
PP 38 49 11
MDB 34 32 2
PSD 35 40 5
PL 33 69 36
PSB 32 28 4
REP 30 44 14
PSDB 29 29
DEM 29 0 29
PDT 28 23 5
SDD 13 11 2
PODE 11 8 3
PSOL 10 8 2
PTB 10 5 5
PCdoB 9 8 1
NOVO 8 8
PROS 8 9 1
PSC 8 12 4
CDN 8 7 1
Avante 7 8 1
Humanist Party of Solidarity 6 0 6
PATRI 5 4 1
PV 4 2 2
PRP 4 0 4
PMN 3 0 3
PTC 2 0 2
REDE 1 1
PPL 1 0 1
DC 1 0 1
Brazil Union New 58 58
Total 513

Federal Senate

Each of the 26 states and the Federal District will have one of its three Senate seats contested.

Affiliation Members +/– Seats up
this election
Elected Current
MDB 12 15 3 6
PSDB 8 7 1 3
PSD 7 11 4 3
PP 6 7 1 3
PT 6 6 2
DEM 6 6 2
REDE 5 2 3 0
PDT 5 3 2 1
PODE 5 9 3 3
PSL 4 2 2 0
PTB 3 0 3 No seat
PSB 2 0 2 No seat
CDN 2 3 1 0
Humanist Party of Solidarity 2 0 2 No seat
PL 2 4 2 2
REP 1 1 0
SDD 1 0 1 No seat
PROS 1 3 2 2
PSC 1 1 0
PRP 1 0 1 No seat
PTC 1 0 1 No seat
PATRI 0 1 1 0
Total 81 27

Opinion polls
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2022 Brazilian general election

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