53rd New Zealand Parliament

The 53rd New Zealand Parliament is the current session of Parliament in New Zealand. It opened on 25 November 2020[1] following the 17 October 2020 general election, and will expire on or before 20 November 2023 to trigger the next election. It consists of 120 members of Parliament (MPs)[2] with five parties represented: the Labour and Green parties, in government, and the National, Māori and ACT parties, in opposition. The Sixth Labour Government has a majority in this Parliament, with Jacinda Ardern as prime minister.

53rd Parliament of New Zealand
←52nd Parliament
Parliament House, Wellington
Overview
Legislative bodyNew Zealand Parliament
Term25 November 2020 –
Election2020 general election
GovernmentSixth Labour Government
Websitewww.parliament.nz
House of Representatives
Members120
Speaker of the HouseTrevor Mallard
Leader of the HouseChris Hipkins
Prime MinisterJacinda Ardern
Leader of the OppositionChristopher Luxon from 30 November 2021
— Judith Collins until 25 November 2021
Sovereign
MonarchElizabeth II
Governor-GeneralCindy Kiro from 21 October 2021
— Patsy Reddy until 28 September 2021
Terms of the
New Zealand Parliament
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th
6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th
11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th
16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th
21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th
26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th
31st | 32nd | 33rd | 34th | 35th
36th | 37th | 38th | 39th | 40th
41st | 42nd | 43rd | 44th | 45th
46th | 47th | 48th | 49th | 50th
51st | 52nd | 53rd

The Parliament was elected using a mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) voting system. MPs represented 72 geographical electorates: 16 in the South Island, 49 in the North Island and 7 Māori electorates. This was an increase of one electorate seat from the previous election, as a result of population growth in the North Island. The remaining MPs were elected from party lists using the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method to realise proportionality.[3]

Background

Electorate changes

To achieve proportionality across electorates, there were a number of changes required to electorates based on population data determined through the 2018 census and projected population growth.[4] As such, the number of geographical electorates increased by one compared to the 2017 election to account for the North Island's higher population growth, creating Takanini, and 30 general electorates and five Māori electorates had their boundaries adjusted so that each electorate contains roughly the same number of people.[5][6]

2020 general election
Main article: 2020 New Zealand general election

The 2020 general election was held on 17 October, after being delayed from 19 September due to a resurgence of COVID-19 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand.[7][8] The dissolution of the 52nd Parliament was originally set for 12 August,[9] and was delayed first to 17 August[10] and finally to 6 September 2020.[11]

The 2020 election resulted in a majority for the Labour Party, winning 65 seats, allowing them to continue the Sixth Labour Government unrestricted. Their coalition partner from the 52nd Parliament, New Zealand First, did not receive enough votes to pass the five percent threshold or win in an electorate, kicking them out of Parliament. Confidence and supply partner the Green Party received 10 seats, up two, becoming the first minor party ever to increase their share of the vote following their being in government. In the opposition, the National Party lost 23 seats, giving them a total of 33, and ACT New Zealand went from one seat to ten. The Māori Party won a Māori electorate and gained an additional list seat after losing representation in the 2017 general election.[12]

Formation

Labour achieved a majority in the 2020 election, allowing them to form a government without any coalition agreements having to be made. However, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern entered talks with the Green Party about "potential areas of co-operation" in the formation of the new government.[13] After two weeks of discussions, the Green Party reached an agreement with Labour on 31 October to become part of the next Government, with co-leaders James Shaw and Marama Davidson receiving ministerial positions outside of cabinet. Shaw will remain Minister of Climate Change and become Associate Minister of the Environment, while Davidson will be Minister for the Prevention of Family and Sexual Violence and the Associate Minister of Housing.[14] The new government was sworn in on 6 November 2020.

Parliamentary term

The writ for the 2020 election was returned on 20 November 2020[15] after being delayed from its original set date of 12 November due to election recounts. Under section 19 of Constitution Act 1986, Parliament must meet no later than six weeks after this date; on 6 November 2020, following the new government's first Cabinet meeting, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern confirmed that the Commission Opening and State Opening of Parliament would take place on 25 and 26 November 2020, respectively.

The 53rd Parliament is the first parliament since the 44th New Zealand Parliament (and the introduction of an MMP electoral system) to have a single party hold an outright majority of seats. The Labour Party holds 65 seats, 4 more than the required 61 seats needed for a majority.[16]

Timeline
  • 1 November 2020 – The Green Party enter into a "cooperation agreement" with Labour
  • 6 November 2020 –
    • Jacinda Ardern is sworn in for a second term as Prime Minister. Other ministers are also sworn in.
    • Final results of the 2020 election are released. Three electorates flip to Labour, and National lose two seats on the party vote, with Labour and the Māori Party picking up one each.[17]
    • Gerry Brownlee resigns as Deputy Leader of the National Party.
  • 10 November 2020 – Shane Reti is elected Deputy Leader of the National Party.
  • 20 November 2020 – The writ of the election is returned (having been delayed from 12 November due to a judicial recount).[18]
  • 25 November 2020 – Commission Opening of Parliament
  • 26 November 2020 – State Opening of Parliament
  • 20 May 2021 – Budget 2021 was delivered to Parliament.
  • 25 November 2021 – Judith Collins is removed as Leader of the National Party by a caucus vote of no confidence.
  • 30 November 2021 – Christopher Luxon and Nicola Willis are elected Leader and Deputy Leader of the National Party.

Major legislation

On 1 March 2021, the Local Electoral (Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2021 received royal assent after being introduced by Nanaia Mahuta on 9 February. This Act eliminates mechanisms for holding public referendums on the establishment of Māori wards and constituencies on local bodies, which allowed the public to veto a council's decision to introduce a Māori ward.[19]

Dissolution

Under section 17 of the Constitution Act 1986, Parliament expires a maximum of three years "from the day fixed for the return of the writs issued for the last preceding general election of members of the House of Representatives, and no longer".[20] The writs were issued on 13 September 2020 and were returned on 20 November 2020,[21][18] meaning that the 53rd Parliament must dissolve on or before 20 November 2023.

Officeholders

Presiding officers

Other parliamentary officers

Party leaders

Floor leaders

Whips
Further information: Whip (politics) § New Zealand

Shadow cabinets

Members

The table below shows the members of the 53rd Parliament based on the results of the 2020 general election. Ministerial roles were officially announced on 2 November 2020. Based on preliminary results, there were 40 new MPs.[25] When final results were announced on 6 November, this rose to 42 new members.[17]

Overview

This table shows the number of MPs in each party:

Affiliation Members
At 2020 election[26]
Labour 65
Government total 65
Green C 10
Government with Cooperation total 75
National 33
ACT 10
Maori Party 2
Opposition total 45
Total MPs in Parliament 120
Working Government majority 10
Working Government with Cooperation majority 30

Notes

  • ^C The Green Party entered into a cooperation agreement with the Labour Party on 1 November 2020 in which they agreed not to oppose confidence and supply. This differs from a confidence and supply agreement that has been a feature of New Zealand governments, in which minor political parties agree to explicitly support confidence and supply.
  • The Working Government majority is calculated as all Government MPs less all opposition parties. It excludes the Green Party which can either support or abstain from confidence and supply. The Working Government with Cooperation majority includes the Green Party.

Members

Changes

The following changes in Members of Parliament occurred during the term of the 53rd Parliament:

# Seat Incumbent Replacement
Party Name Date vacated Reason Party Name Date elected Change
1. List National Nick Smith 10 June 2021[27] Resigned National Harete Hipango[28] 11 June 2021[29] List
2. List Labour Louisa Wall 1 May 2022[30] Resigned Labour Lemauga Lydia Sosene 2 May 2022[31] List
3. Tauranga National Simon Bridges 6 May 2022[32] Resigned 18 June 2022 (By-election)

Seating plan

Start of term

The chamber is in a horseshoe-shape.[33]

Watts Severin D. Smith G. Bennett
Dean S. Smith Muller Brown N. Smith Penk S. O'Connor Stanford McKelvie van de Molen Grigg Luxon Mooney Simmonds Chhour March Ngobi
Brownlee Willis Pugh Doocey Simpson D. Bennett Goldsmith Mitchell Kuriger Ngarewa-Packer McKee Baillie Court McDowall Cameron Kerekere
Lee Bishop Reti Collins Bayly Woodhouse Upston McClay Bridges Waititi Seymour Van Velden Shaw Genter Ghahraman Tuiono Henderson
Davidson Swarbrick Sage
Mallard Logie
White
Radhakrishnan Strange Brooking
Mahuta Parker Robertson ARDERN Davis Woods Hipkins Sepuloni Little P. Williams Sio Whaitiri Twyford Luxton Omer Boyack Sharma
D. O'Connor Nash Webb McAnulty Faafoi Henare Jackson Tinetti Wood Wall Lubeck Warren-Clark G. O'Connor Coffey Chen Lewis Pallett
Rurawhe Salesa Edmonds Prime Allan Clark Verrall Tirikatene Russell Kanongata'a-Suisuiki Craig Andersen Eagle Walters Belich Leavasa McLellan Leary
Roberts Halbert Lorck Utikere A. Williams

Current seating plan

As of 3 May 2022.[34]

Mooney Severin D. Smith Sosene
Woodhouse Collins D. Bennett Dean McClay S. O'Connor Muller McKelvie Bridges Hipango van de Molen Grigg Simmonds Watts Chhour March Sharma
Kuriger Simpson Pugh Penk Lee Mitchell Bayly S. Smith Brownlee Ngarewa-Packer McKee Baillie Court McDowall Cameron Kerekere
Brown Doocey Willis Luxon Bishop Reti Goldsmith Upston Stanford Waititi Seymour Van Velden Shaw Genter Ghahraman Tuiono Henderson
Davidson Swarbrick Sage
Mallard Logie
White
Radhakrishnan Strange Brooking
Mahuta Parker Robertson ARDERN Davis Woods Hipkins Sepuloni Little P. Williams Sio Whaitiri Twyford Luxton Omer Boyack Ngobi
D. O'Connor Nash Webb McAnulty Faafoi Henare Jackson Tinetti Wood Kanongata'a-Suisuiki Lubeck Warren-Clark G. O'Connor Coffey Chen Lewis Pallett
Rurawhe Salesa Edmonds Prime Allan Clark Verrall Tirikatene Russell Craig Andersen Eagle Utikere Walters Belich Leavasa McLellan Leary
Roberts Halbert Lorck G. Bennett A. Williams

Committees
Main article: New Zealand House of Representatives committees

The 53rd Parliament has 12 select committees and 8 specialist committees.[35] They are listed below, with their chairpersons and deputy chairpersons:

Committee Chairperson Deputy chairperson Government–Opposition divide
Select committees
Economic Development, Science and Innovation Committee[36] Jamie Strange (Labour) Naisi Chen (Labour) 3–2
Education and Workforce Committee[37] Marja Lubeck (Labour) Camilla Belich (Labour) 6–3
Environment Committee[38] Hon Eugenie Sage (Green Party) Rachel Brooking (Labour) 6–3
Finance and Expenditure Committee[39] Duncan Webb (Labour) Barbara Edmonds (Labour) 7–4
Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee[40] Hon Jenny Salesa (Labour) Hon Gerry Brownlee (National) 4–2
Governance and Administration Committee[41] Ian McKelvie (National) Rachel Boyack (Labour) 3–2
Health Committee[42] Liz Craig (Labour) Tracey McLellan (Labour) 7–4
Justice Committee[43] Ginny Andersen (Labour) Vanushi Walters (Labour) 5–4
Māori Affairs Committee[44] Tamati Coffey (Labour) Arena Williams (Labour) 5–3
Primary Production Committee[45] Jo Luxton (Labour) Steph Lewis (Labour) 3–4
Social Services and Community Committee[46] Angie Warren-Clark (Labour) Glen Bennett (Labour) 6–3
Transport and Infrastructure Committee[47] Greg O'Connor (Labour) Ricardo Menéndez March (Green Party) 6–3
Specialist committees
Business Committee[48] Rt Hon Trevor Mallard (Labour) none 6–5
Intelligence and Security Committee[49] Rt Hon Jacinda Ardern (Labour) none 4–3
Officers of Parliament Committee[50] Rt Hon Trevor Mallard (Labour) none 4–4
Pae Ora Legislation Committee[51] Deborah Russell (Labour) Tamati Coffey (Labour) 7–4
Petitions Committee[52] Hon Jacqui Dean (National) Shanan Halbert (Labour) 4–3
Privileges Committee[53] Hon David Parker (Labour) Hon Michael Woodhouse (National) 5–3
Regulations Review Committee[54] Chris Penk (National) Rachel Brooking (Labour) 4–3
Standing Orders Committee[55] Rt Hon Trevor Mallard (Labour) Hon Michael Woodhouse (National) 5–5

Electorates
General electorates since 2020, showing the 2020 election results

This section shows the New Zealand electorates as they are represented in the 53rd Parliament.[56] Electorates were redrawn after the 2018 census and will remain the same for the 2023 election.

General electorates
Electorate Region MP Party
Auckland Central Auckland Chlöe Swarbrick Green
Banks Peninsula Canterbury Tracey McLellan Labour
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Todd Muller National
Botany Auckland Christopher Luxon National
Christchurch Central Canterbury Duncan Webb Labour
Christchurch East Canterbury Poto Williams Labour
Coromandel Waikato Scott Simpson National
Dunedin Otago David Clark Labour
East Coast Gisborne and Bay of Plenty Kiri Allan Labour
East Coast Bays Auckland Erica Stanford National
Epsom Auckland David Seymour ACT
Hamilton East Waikato Jamie Strange Labour
Hamilton West Waikato Gaurav Sharma Labour
Hutt South Wellington Ginny Andersen Labour
Ilam Canterbury Sarah Pallett Labour
Invercargill Southland Penny Simmonds National
Kaikōura Marlborough and Canterbury Stuart Smith National
Kaipara ki Mahurangi Auckland Chris Penk National
Kelston Auckland Carmel Sepuloni Labour
Mana Wellington Barbara Edmonds Labour
Māngere Auckland William Sio Labour
Manurewa Auckland Arena Williams Labour
Maungakiekie Auckland Priyanca Radhakrishnan Labour
Mt Albert Auckland Jacinda Ardern Labour
Mt Roskill Auckland Michael Wood Labour
Napier Hawke's Bay Stuart Nash Labour
Nelson Nelson and Tasman Rachel Boyack Labour
New Lynn Auckland Deborah Russell Labour
New Plymouth Taranaki Glen Bennett Labour
North Shore Auckland Simon Watts National
Northcote Auckland Shanan Halbert Labour
Northland Northland Willow-Jean Prime Labour
Ōhāriu Wellington Greg O'Connor Labour
Ōtaki Wellington and Manawatū-Whanganui Terisa Ngobi Labour
Pakuranga Auckland Simeon Brown National
Palmerston North Manawatū-Whanganui Tangi Utikere Labour
Panmure-Ōtāhuhu Auckland Jenny Salesa Labour
Papakura Auckland Judith Collins National
Port Waikato Auckland and Waikato Andrew Bayly National
Rangitata Canterbury Jo Luxton Labour
Rangitīkei Manawatū-Whanganui Ian McKelvie National
Remutaka Wellington Chris Hipkins Labour
Rongotai Wellington and the Chatham Islands Paul Eagle Labour
Rotorua Bay of Plenty Todd McClay National
Selwyn Canterbury Nicola Grigg National
Southland Southland and Otago Joseph Mooney National
Taieri Otago Ingrid Leary Labour
Takanini Auckland Neru Leavasa Labour
Tāmaki Auckland Simon O'Connor National
Taranaki-King Country Taranaki and Waikato Barbara Kuriger National
Taupō Waikato Louise Upston National
Tauranga Bay of Plenty Simon Bridges National
Te Atatū Auckland Phil Twyford Labour
Tukituki Hawke's Bay Anna Lorck Labour
Upper Harbour Auckland Vanushi Walters Labour
Waikato Waikato Tim van de Molen National
Waimakariri Canterbury Matt Doocey National
Wairarapa Wellington, Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay Kieran McAnulty Labour
Waitaki Otago and Canterbury Jacqui Dean National
Wellington Central Wellington Grant Robertson Labour
West Coast-Tasman West Coast and Tasman Damien O'Connor Labour
Whanganui Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki Steph Lewis Labour
Whangaparāoa Auckland Mark Mitchell National
Whangārei Northland Emily Henderson Labour
Wigram Canterbury Megan Woods Labour

Māori electorates
Māori Electorates since the 2020 election. Red represent Labour seats, brown represents Māori Party seats.
Electorate Region MP Party
Te Tai Tokerau Northland and Auckland Kelvin Davis Labour
Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland Peeni Henare Labour
Hauraki-Waikato Auckland and Waikato Nanaia Mahuta Labour
Waiariki Bay of Plenty and Waikato Rawiri Waititi Māori
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Hawke's Bay, Gisborne, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington Meka Whaitiri Labour
Te Tai Hauāuru Taranaki, Waikato, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington Adrian Rurawhe Labour
Te Tai Tonga The South Island, Wellington and the Chatham Islands Rino Tirikatene Labour

See also

Notes
  1. McKelvie was appointed to serve as an additional Assistant Speaker while the House sits with members participating remotely, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.[22]

References
  1. "Opening of the 53rd Parliament". www.parliament.nz. New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  2. "Our system of government". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  3. Wilson, Simon (14 September 2017). "MMP maths: How party vote percentages become seats in parliament". The Spinoff. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  4. "Working out how many electorates there should be". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  5. Small, Zane (4 August 2020). "NZ Election 2020 electorate changes: Adjusted boundaries, new names". Newshub. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  6. "Boundary Review 2019/20". Elections.nz. Electoral Commission. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  7. Malpass, Luke; Cooke, Henry (28 January 2020). "Jacinda Ardern announces 2020 election will be held on September 19". Stuff. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  8. "Election 2020: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern delays the election a month until October 17". Stuff. 17 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  9. Young, Audrey (28 January 2020). "Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern reveals September 19 election date". The New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. "Coronavirus: Parliament dissolution delayed, but election still set for September 19". Stuff. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  11. Cooke, Henry (6 September 2020). "Election 2020: Parliament dissolves, setting stage for election campaign". Stuff. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  12. "New Zealand Election Results". ElectionResults.govt.nz/electionresults_2020/. Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  13. "Labour kicks off Government forming talks with the Greens in Jacinda Ardern's Beehive office". The New Zealand Herald. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  14. Coughlan, Thomas; Cooke, Henry (31 October 2020). "Election 2020: Green Party votes to be part of next Government with Labour". Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  15. @ElectoralCommNZ (20 November 2020). "The Electoral Commission has returned the writ for the 2020 General Election following the completion of the recounts in Te Tai Hauāuru and Tāmaki Makaurau. The return of the writ marks the end of the election process. More information:" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. "New Zealand election: Jacinda Ardern's Labour Party scores landslide win". BBC News. 17 October 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  17. Lynch, Jenna (6 November 2020). "NZ Election 2020: Judith Collins will 'definitely not' stand down as leader despite National's crushing defeat". Newshub. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  18. "Return of the writ". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  19. Scotcher, Katie (24 February 2021). "Māori wards amendment bill passes final reading in Parliament". Radio NZ. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  20. "Constitution Act 1986". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  21. Coughlan, Thomas (13 September 2020). "Election 2020: Governor-General signs writ, triggering next step on road to election". Stuff. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  22. "Appointments — Assistant Speaker". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  23. "Who We Are". New Zealand Parliament. Office of the Clerk. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  24. "Medieval role still relevant today at Parliament". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  25. "Election 2020: The 40 diverse new MPs entering Parliament". The New Zealand Herald. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020 – via Newstalk ZB.
  26. "2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result". Electoral Commission New Zealand. 6 November 2020.
  27. Sadlet, Rachel (31 May 2021). "National's Nick Smith to retire from Parliament amid confidential inquiry into verbal altercation". Newshub.
  28. "National MP Nick Smith quits as an MP, cites 'employment issue' inquiry". New Zealand Herald. 31 May 2021.
  29. "Declaration by Electoral Commission That Harete Hipango is Elected a Member of Parliament – 2021-au2280 – New Zealand Gazette". gazette.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  30. "Labour MP Louisa Wall to resign". RNZ. 29 March 2022.
  31. "Declaration by Electoral Commission That Lemauga Lydia Sosene is Elected a Member of Parliament – 2022-au1650 – New Zealand Gazette". gazette.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  32. "Tauranga by-election: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announces date". Bay of Plenty Times. NZ Herald. 6 April 2022.
  33. "House seating plan – New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  34. "House seating plan – New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  35. "List of select committees". New Zealand Parliament.
  36. "Economic Development, Science and Innovation – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  37. "Education and Workforce – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  38. "Environment – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  39. "Finance and Expenditure – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  40. "Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  41. "Governance and Administration – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  42. "Health – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  43. "Justice – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  44. "Māori Affairs – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  45. "Primary Production – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  46. "Social Services and Community – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  47. "Transport and Infrastructure – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  48. "Business – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  49. "Intelligence and Security – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  50. "Officers of Parliament – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  51. "Pae Ora Legislation – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  52. "Petitions – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  53. "Privileges – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  54. "Regulations Review – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  55. "Standing Orders – Committee Members". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  56. "2020-au5126". New Zealand Gazette. 6 November 2020.
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