1988 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
During the Parade of Nations portion of the 1988 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded in the arena, preceded by their flag. The flag was borne by a sportsperson from that country chosen either by the National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves to represent their country.
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Parade order
As the nation of the first modern Olympic Games, Greece entered the stadium first; whereas, the host nation South Korea marched last. Other countries entered in alphabetical order in the language of the host country (Korean), according with tradition and IOC guidelines. The collation method used is based on the names as written in Hangul, a traditional Korean alphabet.[1]
Whilst most countries entered under their short names, a few entered under more formal or alternative names, mostly due to political and naming disputes. The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) entered with the compromised name and flag of "Chinese Taipei" ("차이니스 타이페이") under 타 ta, while the conflicting People's Republic of China (commonly known as China) entered as "중화인민공화국" under 중.
Among the nations with Korean names starting with 이 i, several reorderings occurred due to the hostile relationship between the countries. Hangul alphabetic order would have dictated Iraq → Iran → Israel → Egypt → Italy → India → Indonesia → Japan, but Iran was moved three spaces later in the parade while Israel was moved five spaces later (an additional two spaces past Iran), changing the parade order into Iraq → Egypt → Italy → India → Iran → Indonesia → Japan → Israel.
A record of 160 nations entered the stadium with a combined total of 8,391 athletes.[2][3] Eight nations made their Olympic debut: Aruba, American Samoa, Brunei, Cook Islands, Maldives, Vanuatu, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and South Yemen. North Korea and its ally Cuba boycotted the games for the second consecutive time, while Ethiopia, Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC,[4] allegedly in solidarity with North Korea.[5] Madagascar did not participate due to financial considerations, Nicaragua did not participate due to the ongoing civil war, and South Africa was excluded due to its apartheid policies.[6][5]
List
The following is a list of each country's announced flag bearer. The names are given in their official designations by the IOC.
Some differences occurred between the official placard displays and the official announcements:
- A number of designations were abbreviated on the placards, but announced in full.
- The United States delegation was announced as "the United States of America" and appeared on the placard as "U.S.A.".
- The Soviet Union delegation was abbreviated in both the announcements and the placard.
- South Yemen's delegation was announced as "Yemen Democratic Republic", but appeared on the placard as "Dem. Rep. of Yemen".
- Egypt's delegation was announced as "Arab Republic of Egypt", but appeared on the placard as "Egypt".
- The Central African Republic delegation was announced as "Central African Republic", but appeared on the placard as "Central Africa".
- Côte d'Ivoire's delegation was announced as "Ivory Coast", but appeared on the placard as "Côte d'Ivoire".
- Congo's delegation was announced as "People's Republic of Congo", but appeared on the placard as "Congo".
- Fiji's delegation was announced as "Fiji Islands", but appeared on the placard as "Fiji".
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References
- "Technical Manual on Ceremonies" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. November 2005. p. 40. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
- "Seoul 1988". olympic.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- Seoul surprises Nagoya for Olympic bid, UPI (United Press International), Morley Myers, Sept. 30, 1981.
- John E. Findling; Kimberly D. Pelle (1996). Historical Dictionary of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 182–. ISBN 978-0-313-28477-9.
- "Seoul Olympics 1988". Retrieved 2017-09-27.
- Janofsky, Michael (16 January 1988). "CUBANS TURN THEIR BACK ON THE SEOUL OLYMPICS". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
| Olympic Games national flag bearers by year | |
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| Summer Olympics |
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| Winter Olympics | |
| Intercalated Games |
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| Summer Youth Olympics |
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| Winter Youth Olympics |
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