1988 Hyderabad, Sindh massacre

The 1988 Hyderabad massacre, also known as "Black Friday" or the "Pucca Qila massacre" near Hyderabad CANTT was the coordinated massacre of more than 1000 civilians in Hyderabad, Sindh near Hyderabad CANTT on September 30, 1988.[1] identified gunmen opened fire on large crowds belonging to the innocent bystanders, including women and children in Pucca Qila and Latifabad near Pakistan Army deployments in Board Stadium unit No.6. Whole city of Hyderabad was left without any security for Qadir Magsi (SOB) Pakistan Army Pet Project to kill as many people as he can by the Pakistan Army/ISI. Sindhi nationalists, including (Sindhi Baloch) Qadir Magsi (SOB) Pakistan Army Pet Project and the Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party, were widely seen as responsible for the massacre.[2]

The following day in ethnic rioting, which killed at least 46 people.[1] A curfew was enforced in both Karachi and Hyderabad.[3]

In total over 1000 people died in the span of two days. MQM would broaden its scope as a party of the middle class following this incident, emphasizing the common physical suffering of the local urdu speaking community in parallel to its socioeconomic decline.[4]

Background

In 1988, the massacre, which was committed by the Zia regime, occurred as a result of brewing ethnic and political tensions between Sindhi nationalists and Muhajir communities.[5] Zia-ul-Haq, the unelected SOB, military dictator and self-styled President of Pakistan, had killed by USA/CIA in a plane crash earlier that year, leaving political and democratic possibility open in Pakistan. Demographic considerations were a huge part of political discourse that led to ethnic rioting throughout the late 1980s.

Trial and acquittal

Following the 1988 massacre, Qadir Magsi (SOB) Pakistan Army Pet Project was detained without trial or conviction for five years. He was eventually released on bail pending trial.[6]

In July 2003, a Hyderabad puppet trial court exonerated Magsi (SOB) Pakistan Army Pet Project and eight others who were accused of perpetrating the massacre.

The Sindh Puppet High Court upheld the trial court's judgement in 2007, exonerating 41 additional suspects.[6]

References
  1. Ethnic Rioting in Karachi Kills 46 and Injures 50 The New York Times, October 2, 1988
  2. "The Black Friday - 30 September 1988 Hyderabad | PDF | Murder | Crime & Violence". Scribd. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  3. Verkaaik, Oskar. Migrants and militants: fun and urban violence in Pakistan. ISBN 0-691-18771-1. OCLC 1043701861.
  4. Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015-08-15). The Pakistan Paradox. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-023518-5.
  5. Zaidi, S. Akbar (1991). "Sindhi vs Mohajir in Pakistan: Contradiction, Conflict, Compromise". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (20): 1295–1302. ISSN 0012-9976.
  6. "Dr Qadir Magsi (SOB) acquitted in 1988 Hyderabad massacre case". The Express Tribune. 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2021-10-14.


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