1886 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1886 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.

1886 United States House of Representatives elections
June 7, 1886 – November 2, 1886[lower-alpha 1]
All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Kentucky 6th Maine 1st
Last election 182 seats 141 seats
Seats won 167[1] 152[1]
Seat change 15 11
Popular vote 4,126,909 3,858,355
Percentage 48.12% 44.99%
Swing 1.93% 2.14%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Labor Greenback
Last election 0 seats 1 seat
Seats won 2[1] 1[1]
Seat change 2
Popular vote 92,851 32,358
Percentage 1.08% 0.38%
Swing New 0.69%
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 1 seat[lower-alpha 2]
Seats won 3[lower-alpha 3]
Seat change 2
Popular vote 178,314
Percentage 2.08%
Swing 1.28%
Map of U.S. House elections results from 1886 elections for 50th Congress
Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

 Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

As in many midterm elections, the President's party lost seats to the opposition, in this case, Democrats lost seats to Republicans, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia and Wisconsin, while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver). One Independent was also elected in North Carolina.

Election summaries
State Type Total
seats		 Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8 0 0
Arkansas District 5 5 0 0
California District 6 2 1 4 1 0
Colorado At-large 1 0 1 0
Connecticut District 4 2 2 0
Delaware At-large 1 1 0 0
Florida District 2 2 0 0
Georgia District 10 10 0 0
Illinois District 20 6 4 14 4 0
Indiana District 13 6 3 7 3 0
Iowa District 11 1 2 9[lower-alpha 4] 2 1[lower-alpha 5]
Kansas District 7 0 7[lower-alpha 4] 0
Kentucky District 11 8 2 3 2 0
Louisiana District 6 6 1 0 1 0
Maine District 4 0 4 0
Maryland District 6 5 1 0
Massachusetts District 12 4 2 8 2 0
Michigan District 11 5 2 6 2 0
Minnesota District 5 3 3 2 3 0
Mississippi District 7 7 0 0
Missouri District 14 12 2 0
Nebraska District 3 1 1 2 1 0
Nevada At-large 1 0 1 0
New Hampshire District 2 1 1 1 1 0
New Jersey District 7 2 1 5 1 0
New York District 34 16 1 18 1 0
North Carolina District 9 7 1 1 1 1
Ohio District 21 6 5 15 5 0
Oregon At-large 1 0 1 0
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large		 28 8 20 0
Rhode Island District 2 0 2 0
South Carolina District 7 7 1 0 1 0
Tennessee District 10 8 1 2 1 0
Texas District 11 11 0 0
Vermont District 2 0 2 0
Virginia District 10 3 5 6 5 1[lower-alpha 6] 1
West Virginia District 4 3 1 0
Wisconsin District 9 1 1 7 1[lower-alpha 6] 1
Total 325 167[1]
51.4%		 16 154[1][lower-alpha 3]
47.4%		 13 4[1]
1.2%		 3
Popular vote
Democratic
 
 48.12%
Greenback
 
 0.38%
Independent
 
 2.06%
Labor
 
 1.08%
Republican
 
 44.99%
Others
 
 3.37%
House seats
Democratic
 
 51.38%
Greenback
 
 0.31%
Independent
 
 0.92%
Labor
 
 0.62%
Republican
 
 46.77%

There were 2 Labor and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback member re-elected. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.

↓
167 6 152
Democratic [lower-alpha 7] Republican
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Labor gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  1-2 Independent gain
  no net change

Special elections
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 15 Lewis Beach Democratic 1880 Incumbent died August 10, 1886.
New member elected November 2, 1886.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
Wisconsin 5 Joseph Rankin Democratic 1882 Incumbent died January 24, 1886.
New member elected February 23, 1886.
Democratic hold.

Election dates

In all the states except three, elections were held November 2, 1886. Those three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections:

Alabama
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Arkansas
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

California
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States representatives from California, 1886 United States Senate special election in California, and 1887 United States Senate election in California
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold
  • Y Thomas Larkin Thompson (Democratic) 50.2%
  • Charles A. Garter (Republican) 47.2%
  • L. W. Simmons (Prohibition) 2.6%
California 2 James A. Louttit Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Marion Biggs (Democratic) 50%
  • J. C. Campbell (Republican) 47%
  • W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 3%
California 3 Joseph McKenna Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph McKenna (Republican) 53.1%
  • Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 44.6%
  • W. W. Smith (Prohibition) 2.4%
California 4 William W. Morrow Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 48.7%
  • Frank McCoppin (Democratic) 42%
  • Charles A. Sumner (Independent) 9%
  • Robert Thompson (Prohibition) 0.4%
California 5 Charles N. Felton Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles N. Felton (Republican) 48.8%
  • Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4%
  • C. Henderson (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6 Henry Markham Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold
  • Y William Vandever (Republican) 47.3%
  • Joseph D. Lynch (Democratic) 47.1%
  • W. A. Harris (Prohibition) 5.6%

Colorado
See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado

Connecticut
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Dakota Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Florida
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida and 1887 United States Senate election in Florida
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Charles Dougherty Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles Dougherty (Democratic) 53.9%
  • J. C. Greeley (Republican) 44.9%
  • R. B. Norment (Prohibition) 1.2%

Georgia
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Idaho Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Iowa
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas
See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas

Kentucky
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Maine
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Maryland
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Massachusetts
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Robert T. Davis Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y Robert T. Davis (Republican) 58.74%
  • ▌George T. McLaughlin (Democratic) 35.98%
  • ▌Edward H. Hatfield (Prohibition) 5.28%
Massachusetts 2 John Davis Long Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y John Davis Long (Republican) 52.38%
  • ▌Bushrod Morse (Democratic) 43.94%
  • ▌George W. Dyer (Prohibition) 3.68%
Massachusetts 3 Ambrose A. Ranney Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 4 Patrick A. Collins Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y Patrick A. Collins (Democratic) 73.61%
  • ▌William B. Cutler (Republican) 25.16%
  • ▌Charles G. Wood (Prohibition) 0.64%
Massachusetts 5 Edward D. Hayden Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y Edward D. Hayden (Republican) 57.35%
  • ▌Charles L. Randall (Democratic) 40.41%
  • ▌Edward Kendall (Prohibition) 2.24%
Massachusetts 6 Henry B. Lovering Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 7 Eben F. Stone Republican 1880 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Y William Cogswell (Republican) 47.90%
  • ▌Jonas H. French (Democratic) 40.39%
  • ▌Willard Spaulding (Greenback) 12.67%
Massachusetts 8 Charles Herbert Allen Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y Charles Herbert Allen (Republican) 50.26%
  • ▌John J. Donovan (Democratic) 47.65%
  • ▌Oliver M. Cousens (Prohibition) 2.09%
Massachusetts 9 Frederick D. Ely Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 10 William W. Rice Republican 1876 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 11 William Whiting II Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y William Whiting II (Republican) 53.56%
  • ▌Festus C. Currier (Democratic) 39.93%
  • ▌Gardner A. Watkins (Prohibition) 6.51%
Massachusetts 12 Francis W. Rockwell Republican 1884 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Y Francis W. Rockwell (Republican) 49.56%
  • ▌Herbert C. Joyner (Democratic) 45.59%
  • ▌Henry Cutler (Prohibition) 4.85%

Michigan
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Michigan 1 John Logan Chipman Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y John Logan Chipman (Democratic) 51.01%
  • Henry A. Robinson (Republican) 46.41%
  • Charles A. Frisbee (Prohibition) 2.57%[3]
Michigan 2 Edward P. Allen Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Edward P. Allen (Republican) 47.95%
  • Lester H. Salsbury (Democratic/Fusion) 44.95%
  • Alfred O. Crozier (Prohibition) 7.11%[4][5]
Michigan 3 James O'Donnell Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James O'Donnell (Republican) 51.43%
  • Patrick Hankerd (Democratic/Fusion) 39.43%
  • Hiram D. Allen (Prohibition) 9.14%[6][5]
Michigan 4 Julius C. Burrows Republican 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Julius C. Burrows (Republican) 50.71%
  • Harvey C. Sherwood (Democratic/Fusion) 43.73%
  • Jesse S. Boyden (Prohibition) 5.55%[7][5]
Michigan 5 Melbourne H. Ford Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Melbourne H. Ford (Democratic) 46.68%
  • George W. McBride (Republican) 45.56%
  • Edward L. Briggs (Prohibition) 7.76%[8]
Michigan 6 Mark S. Brewer Republican 1876 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Michigan 7 Justin R. Whiting Democratic
Greenback		 1886 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Justin R. Whiting (Democratic/Fusion) 48.63%
  • John P. Sanborn (Republican) 45.75%
  • William F. Clark (Prohibition) 5.62%[10][5]
Michigan 8 Timothy E. Tarsney Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Timothy E. Tarsney (Democratic) 48.36%
  • Roswell G. Horr (Republican) 46.54%
  • George W. Abbey (Prohibition) 5.10%[11]
Michigan 9 Byron M. Cutcheon Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Byron M. Cutcheon (Republican) 50.94%
  • Lyman G. Mason (Democratic/Fusion) 41.99%
  • Lathrop S. Ellis (Prohibition) 7.08%[12][5]
Michigan 10 Spencer O. Fisher Democratic
Fusion		 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Spencer O. Fisher (Democratic/Fusion) 51.37%
  • Henry M. Loud (Republican) 44.04%
  • David A. Ross (Prohibition) 4.60%[13][5]
Michigan 11 Seth C. Moffatt Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Seth C. Moffatt (Republican) 53.61%
  • John Powers (Democratic) 45.31%
  • Theron E. Carpenter (Prohibition) 1.08%[14][5]

Minnesota
See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota

Mississippi
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 James B. Morgan Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Frederick G. Barry Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5 Otho R. Singleton Democratic 1874 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 6 Henry S. Van Eaton Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 7 Ethelbert Barksdale Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Missouri
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Montana Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska
See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 Archibald J. Weaver Republican 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y John A. McShane (Democratic) 54.87%
  • Church Howe (Republican) 38.40%
  • George Bigelow (Prohibition) 6.72%[22]
Nebraska 2 James Laird Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 3 George W. E. Dorsey Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George W. E. Dorsey (Republican) 55.06%
  • W. H. Webster (Democratic) 40.16%
  • W. J. Olinger (Prohibition) 4.57%
  • Scattering 0.22%[24]

Nevada
See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada

New Hampshire
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New York
See also: List of United States representatives from New York and 1887 United States Senate election in New York
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 15 Lewis Beach Democratic 1880 Incumbent died August 10, 1886.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.

North Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

Ohio
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Oregon
See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon

Pennsylvania
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina
Main article: 1886 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 4 William H. Perry Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Tennessee
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Augustus H. Pettibone Republican 1880 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Tennessee 2 Leonidas C. Houk Republican 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Leonidas C. Houk (Republican) 67.00%
  • Samuel G. Heiskell (Democratic) 32.92%
  • Will A. McTeer (Unknown) 0.08%[28]
Tennessee 3 John R. Neal Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 Andrew J. Caldwell Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 7 John G. Ballentine Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 8 John M. Taylor Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 9 Presley T. Glass Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 10 Zachary Taylor Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Texas
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Utah Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Virginia
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

Washington Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia
See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Nathan Goff Jr. Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 51.55%
  • John Brannon (Democratic) 47.87%
  • L. E. Peters (Prohibition) 0.59%[37]
West Virginia 2 William L. Wilson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William L. Wilson (Democratic) 49.87%
  • W. H. Flick (Republican) 49.61%
  • John T. Siler (Prohibition) 0.53%[38]
West Virginia 3 Charles P. Snyder Democratic 1883 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles P. Snyder (Democratic) 50.57%
  • James H. Brown (Republican) 47.54%
  • J. W. Claypool (Prohibition) 1.89%[39]
West Virginia 4 Eustace Gibson Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Charles E. Hogg (Democratic) 50.29%
  • John H. Hutchinson (Republican) 48.00%
  • William H. Smith (Prohibition) 1.71%[40]

Wisconsin
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 2, 1886.[41][42]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Lucien B. Caswell Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2 Edward S. Bragg Democratic 1884 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 3 Robert M. La Follette Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Robert M. La Follette (Republican) 50.3%
  • Hugh J. Gallagher (Democratic) 39.7%
  • Thomas C. Richmond (Prohibition) 9.8%
Wisconsin 4 Isaac W. Van Schaick Republican 1884 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
New member elected.
Labor gain.
Wisconsin 5 Thomas R. Hudd Democratic 1886
Special		 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6 Richard W. Guenther Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Wisconsin 7 Ormsby B. Thomas Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Ormsby B. Thomas (Republican) 54.2%
  • S. N. Dickenson (Democratic) 38.7%
  • S. B. Loomis (Prohibition) 7.1%
Wisconsin 8 William T. Price Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9 Isaac Stephenson Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Wyoming Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting members
See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large
Dakota Territory at-large
Idaho Territory at-large John Hailey Democratic 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Montana Territory at-large Joseph K. Toole Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large
Wyoming Territory at-large Joseph M. Carey Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph M. Carey (Republican) 88.12%
  • H. G. Balch (Democratic) 5.59%
  • T. G. Magee (Democratic) 3.63%
  • J. M. Lobban (Democratic) 0.74%
  • L. Kabis (Democratic) 0.49%
  • Others (Independent) 1.43%[45]

See also

Notes
  1. Regular elections only, not specials
  2. Including 1 Independent Democrat.
  3. Including 2 Independent Republicans.
  4. Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  5. Greenback Party
  6. Labor Party
  7. There were 2 Labor members, 2 Independent Republicans, 1 Independent, and 1 Greenback members elected.

References
  1. Martis 1989, p. 140–141.
  2. "Our Campaigns - NY District 15 - Special Election Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  3. "MI - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  4. "MI - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  5. Michigan Secretary of State (1886). Michigan manual. 1887-88. pp. 581–586 – via HathiTrust.
  6. "MI - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  7. "MI - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  8. "MI - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  9. "MI - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  10. "MI - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  11. "MI - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  12. "MI - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  13. "MI - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  14. "MI - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  15. "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  16. "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  17. "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  18. "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  19. "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  20. "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  21. "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  22. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 2, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  23. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 2, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  24. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 2, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  25. Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 566.
  26. "Our Campaigns - NY District 15 Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  27. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  28. "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  29. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  30. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  31. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  32. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  33. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  34. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  35. "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  36. "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  37. "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  38. "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  39. "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  40. "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  41. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
  42. Timme, Ernst G., ed. (1887). "Biographical" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 479–482. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  43. "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  44. "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  45. "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.

Bibliography
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