1310s
The 1310s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1310, and ended on December 31, 1319.
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Events
1310
January–December
- January – Forces of the Kingdom of Castile retreat from the Siege of Algeciras, after enduring severe losses, and secure a peace treaty.
- March – Muhammed III, former Sultan of the Emirate of Granada, is blinded and found dead in a pool, after an attempted coup to retake his throne from his brother Nasr.
- May 11 – In France, 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy.
Date unknown
- Abu al-Fida becomes governor of Hama.
- The first purpose-built accommodation for students (the Mob Quad) is completed in Merton College, Oxford, England.
- Basarab I, after the battle against the Tatars, is named "big prince" of Wallachia by the feudal lords of the region. The country remains under Hungarian domination until the Battle of Posada on 12 October, 1330.
1311
January–December
- January 6 – Henry VII is crowned King of Italy in Milan, and on February 12 crushes a local rebellion.
- March 15 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne and his forces, to take control of the Duchy of Athens.[1]
- April 7 – Battle of Wopławki: The Teutonic Knights defeat the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
- August 16 – The Parliament of England presents the Ordinances of 1311 to King Edward II (document dated 5 October; published on 11 October); these substitute the 21 Lord Ordainers for the King as the effective government of the country.[2]
- October 16 – The Council of Vienne begins.
Date unknown
- Bolingbroke Castle passes to the House of Lancaster.
- Lincoln Cathedral in England is completed; with the spire reaching around 525 feet (160 m),[3] it becomes the world's tallest structure (surpassing the Great Pyramid of Giza, which held the record for almost 4,000 years), a record it holds until the spire is blown down in 1549.
1312
January–December
- April – Pope Clement V forcibly disbands the Knights Templar. This is following years of persecution of the Knights Templar, initially started on Friday, October 13, 1307, in collusion with King Philip "The Fair" Le Bel of France.
- June 15 – Battle of Rozgony: King Charles I of Hungary defeats the family of Palatine Amade Aba.
- June 29 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in the Lateran Palace, due to St Peter's Basilica being occupied by Romans hostile to him.
- September 27 – The Charter of Kortenberg is signed, and is possibly the first constitution which allows democratic decisions in feudal mainland Europe.
- October 31 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor is forced to abandon his campaign against Florence.
Date unknown
- Battle of Amorgos: The Knights Hospitaller, newly based on Rhodes, defeat a Turkish fleet.[4]
- The Siege of Rostock begins.
- The Canary Islands are "rediscovered" by Lancelotto Malocello, a Genoese navigator, who sails to Lanzarote, and remains there for almost two decades.[5]
1313
January–December
- November 9 – Battle of Gammelsdorf: Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria.
Date unknown
- The Siege of Rostock ends.
- Stefan Milutin of Serbia founds the Banjska Monastery.
- Wang Zhen, Chinese Yuan dynasty agronomist, government official, and inventor of wooden-based movable type printing, publishes the Nong Shu (Book of Agriculture).
1314
- March 18 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France.
- April 4 – Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter.
- June 24 – Battle of Bannockburn: Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat Edward II of England, regaining Scotland's independence.[6]
- August 31 – King Haakon V of Norway moves his capital from Bergen to Oslo, where he builds Akershus Fortress, from which Norway is ruled for the next 500 years.
- October 19 – Frederick the Fair of the House of Habsburg is elected King of the Romans at Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main), by four of the electors, being crowned on November 25 at Bonn Minster.
- October 20 – Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach is elected King of the Romans at Sachsenhausen by five of the electors, being crowned on November 25 at Aachen.
- November 29 – Philip IV of France dies, possibly very much affected by the Tour de Nesle Affair, and is succeeded by Louis X.
- Undated – Amda Seyon starts to rule as Emperor of Ethiopia. He defeats the Muslims at Ifat.
1315
January–December
- May 9 – Eudes IV succeeds Hugh V as Duke of Burgundy.
- August – Louis X is crowned King of France at Reims.
- August 13 – Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou.
- August 29 – Battle of Montecatini: Pisa defeats the forces of Florence and Naples.
- September – Battle of Moiry Pass (Bruce campaign in Ireland): Edward Bruce (brother of the King of Scotland), with a Scots-Irish army, defeats a garrison of Hiberno-Norman troops of the Lordship of Ireland at Armagh, as part of his attempt to revive the High Kingship of Ireland.
- October 25 – Banastre Rebellion: Adam Banastre, Henry de Lea and William Bradshaw attack Liverpool Castle.
- November 15 – Battle of Morgarten: The Swiss defeat Leopold of Austria on the shore of the Ägerisee, ensuring independence for the Swiss Confederation.[7]
Date unknown
- Louis X of France abolishes slavery within the Kingdom of France.
- Hōjō Mototoki becomes Kamakura shōgun of Japan.
- John XIII Glykys becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
- Flushing, Netherlands is granted city rights.
- Witzlaw III, prince of Rügen, builds Hejehdbhdd castle at Barth.
- Emir Ismael Abu-I-Walid orders the Jews of Granada to don the yellow badge.
- Dassel, Germany is granted city rights.
- The Kos Fortress is erected by the Knights Hospitallers in Greece.
- The Arsenian schism ends.
- History of Sudan (Coming of Islam to the Turkiyah): A Muslim prince of Nubian royal blood ascends the throne of Dongola as king.
- Estimation: Cairo, capital of Mamluk Egypt becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Hangzhou in Mongolian China.
- The Borough of Liverpool, along with Liverpool Castle, is granted to Robert de Holland.
- The Great Famine of 1315–1317 begins.
1316
January–December
- January 28–March 18 – Llywelyn Bren revolts against English rule in Wales.
- February 22 – Battle of Picotin: Catalan forces of Ferdinand of Majorca defeat those of Matilda of Hainaut on the Peloponnese.
- July 5 – Battle of Manolada: Forces of the Duchy of Burgundy defeat the Kingdom of Majorca, kill its king, Ferdinand, and conquer the Principality of Achaea.
- August – Battle of Gransee: A North German-Danish alliance, led by Henry II of Mecklenburg, decisively defeats the forces of Waldemar of Brandenburg.
- August 7 – Pope John XXII succeeds Pope Clement V as the 196th pope.
- August 10 – Second Battle of Athenry: Norman rule is retained in Ireland, at the cost of over 5,000 dead.
Date unknown
- The Great Famine of 1315–1317 is at its peak.
- The Pound sterling experiences the greatest year of inflation in its history, at 100.04 percent, losing over half its value.[8]
- The Au peninsula in Switzerland is first mentioned as "Owe", belonging to the commandry of the Knights Hospitaller in Bubikon.
1317
December
- December 10–11 – King Birger of Sweden has his brothers, Dukes Eric and Valdemar, captured and thrown into a dungeon during the Nyköping Banquet, as a revenge for their imprisonment of him in the Håtuna games in 1306. As the dukes soon starve to death in the dungeon, their followers rebel against the king, throwing Sweden into civil war, in which the king is deposed in 1318.
Date unknown
- The Great Famine of 1315-1317 comes to an end.
- Pope John XXII erects the dioceses of Luçon, Maillezais, and Tulle and issues the decretal Spondent Pariter prohibiting alchemy, but not chemistry (which John himself had studied).
- A Hungarian document mentions for the first time Basarab as leader of Wallachia (historians estimate he was on the throne since about 1310). Basarab will become the first voivode of Wallachia as an independent state, and founder of the House of Basarab.
1318
January–December
- March – King Birger of Sweden is deposed, and forced to flee to Denmark (alternative date is April).
- April 1 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is retaken by the Scottish from the English.
- April – The inhabitants of Benevento, Italy rise against the Pope, and demand some political autonomy. The rebellion is crushed by William of Frejus, and the archbishop of Naples.[9]
- May 11 – Battle of Dysert O'Dea: The Irish armies of Conor O'Dea defeat the Hiberno-Normans under Richard de Clare.
- June 27 – Mats Kettilmundsson is appointed regent (rikshövitsman) of Sweden, in the absence of a Swedish king.
- October 14 – Battle of Faughart: A Hiberno-Norman force defeats a Scots-Irish army commanded by Edward Bruce (who is killed in the battle), ending the Bruce campaign in Ireland.
Date unknown
- Emperor Go-Daigo succeeds Emperor Hanazono on the throne of Japan.
- Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans, advocating ecclesiastical poverty, erroneous.
- Disease hits cattle and sheep, reducing the herds and flocks in Europe.
- Qala'un Mosque, Cairo, Egypt is founded by Al-Nasr Muhammad.
1319
January–December
- May 8 – Upon the death of his maternal grandfather, King Haakon V, three-year-old Magnus Eriksson becomes King of Norway.[10]
- July 8 – Three-year-old Magnus Eriksson is elected king of Sweden, thus establishing a union with Norway.[10] His mother Ingeborg of Norway is given a place in the regency, in both Sweden and Norway.
- July 23 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet, off Chios.
- September 20 – Battle of Myton: The forces of Robert the Bruce defeat an English army.
- December 22 – The infante James of Aragon renounces his right to inherit the Crown of Aragon and his marriage to Eleanor of Castile, in order to become a monk.
Significant people
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References
- Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 125. ISBN 9781135131371.
- Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 95–98. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- "Lincoln Cathedral". Skyscraper News. 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. p. 125. ISBN 9781135131371.
- Bernard Grun, The Timetables of History, Simon & Schuster, 3rd ed, 1991. ISBN 0671749196. p185
- Black, Andrew (24 June 2014). "What was the Battle of Bannockburn about?". BBC. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- McCrackan, William Denison (1901). The rise of the Swiss republic: a history. H. Holt.
- Measuring worth.com
- Uginet, F. (1968). "La vie à l'abbaye de Sainte-Sophie de Bénévent dans la première moitié du XIVe siècle". Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire. 80. 80 (2): 681–704. doi:10.3406/mefr.1968.7564.
- Carlquist, Erik; Hogg, Peter C.; Österberg, Eva (2011). The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden. Nordic Academic Press. p. 257. ISBN 9789185509577.
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