Ülkü (magazine)

Ülkü (Turkish: The Ideal) was a Turkish language magazine which existed between 1933 and 1950 and which was one of seventy-five official media outlets of the People's Houses, cultural institutions started in 1932 as an enlightenment project.[1] The title of the magazine was given by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic of Turkey.[1]

Ülkü
Editor-in-chiefMehmet Fuat Köprülü
Ahmet Kutsi Tecer
FrequencyMonthly
Biweekly
First issueFebruary 1933
Final issueAugust 1950
CompanyAnkara People's House
CountryTurkey
Based inAnkara
LanguageTurkish

History and profile

Ülkü was first published in Ankara on 5 February 1933 as one of the organs of the People's Houses.[2] The owner of the magazine was Ankara People's House.[3] The goal was to provide a theoretical basis for the six pillars of Kemalism, namely Republicanism, Populism, Nationalism, Laicism, Statism, and Reformism, and to make their adoption by the Turkish people easier.[1] The magazine included the following major sections among others: literary work, linguistics, history, fine arts, sociology, philosophy economy, agriculture, science, home management, translated works and news from the People's Houses.[1] The target audience of the magazine was intellectuals.[2]

During its lifetime the frequency of Ülkü changed several times. It was published on a monthly basis between its start in February 1993 and August 1941 and between January 1947 and its closure in August 1950.[2] It was published biweekly in the period October 1941–December 1946.[2] The publisher of the magazine also changed, and the following were the publishers of Ülkü: Hâkimiyeti Milliye Publishing House, Ulus Publishing House, Ankara Ulusal Publishing House and Zerbamat Publishing House.[1] The magazine produced a total of 272 issues before it ceased publication in August 1950.[4]

Directors and editors

Nusret Kemal Köymen and Necip Ali Küçüka were the directors of Ülkü between February 1933 and 1941.[4] In July 1936 Mehmet Fuat Köprülü was appointed editor-in-chief.[4] From 1941 Ahmet Kutsi Tecer began to edit the magazine.[4] In the period January 1947–August 1950 the directors were Tahsin Banguoğlu and Mehmet Tuğrul.[4]

Contributors

Many writers and politicians contributed to Ülkü without being paid for their writings.[2] Some of the leading contributors included Recep Peker, Şevket Aziz Kansu, Behçet Kemal Çağlar, Ahmet Adnan Saygun, Pertev N. Boratav, Elif Naci, Niyazi Berkes, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Suut Kemal Yetkin, Yusuf Ziya Ortaç, Orhan Veli Kanık, Hasan Âli Yücel and Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu.[1]

Content

Until the editorship of Mehmet Fuat Köprülü in 1936 Ülkü published articles on the Ottoman State which were based on popular accounts.[5] Then such articles became much more sophisticated with the editorship of Köprülü.[5] Ahmet Kutsi Tecer's play entitled Koçyiğit Köroğlu was first published in Ülkü in 1941.[6]

Significance

Although the People Houses published numerous periodicals, only Ülkü lasted for a long period[1] and functioned as the official organ of all of these institutions.[3] It was distributed nationwide not only to cities but also to small villages.[7]

References
  1. Betül Karcı. "Ülkü Dergisi (Ülkü Magazine)". Atatürk Encyclopedia (in Turkish).
  2. Volkan Kılınç (2017). Disciplining' Turkish people through the people's houses: A discursive reading of the Ülkü magazine (1933-1950) (MA thesis). İstanbul Şehir University. pp. 83–85.
  3. Mustafa Tuna (2018). "The Missing Turkish Revolution: Comparing Village-level Change and. Continuity in Republic Turkey and Soviet Central Asia, 1920-50". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 50 (1): 29. doi:10.1017/S0020743817000927.
  4. Alim Kahraman (2012). "Ülkü". Islam Encyclopedia (Volume 42) (in Turkish). pp. 293–294.
  5. Erdem Sönmez (2021). "A past to be forgotten? Writing Ottoman history in early republican Turkey". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 48 (4): 754, 760. doi:10.1080/13530194.2020.1714428.
  6. Mustafa Sever (2018). "The Kocyigit Koroglu Play of Ahmet Kutsi Tecer" (PDF). Journal of World of Turks. 10 (3): 7.
  7. Serdar Öztürk (2008). "The Struggle over Turkish Village Coffeehouses (1923–45)". Middle Eastern Studies. 44 (3): 442. doi:10.1080/00263200802021590.
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